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QuestionChemistry

Specify whether the molecule IF 5 ​ is polar or nonpolar and explain why.
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, focusing on the polarity of the IF₅ molecule.

Step 2:
: Determine the molecular geometry

- IF₅ is a pentagonal bipyramidal molecule - The central iodine (I) atom is surrounded by five fluorine (F) atoms - The molecular geometry is determined by VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory

Step 3:
: Analyze electron configuration

- The electronic configuration suggests $$sp^{3}d^{2}$$ hybridization
- Iodine (I) is the central atom - Five fluorine (F) atoms are bonded to the central iodine

Step 4:
: Examine bond symmetry

- The five fluorine atoms are arranged symmetrically around the central iodine - Each I-F bond has the same length and electronegativity difference - Fluorine is more electronegative than iodine

Step 5:
: Assess molecular symmetry

- The pentagonal bipyramidal geometry is highly symmetrical - The individual bond dipoles cancel each other out due to perfect spatial arrangement

Step 6:
: Determine polarity

- Despite individual I-F bonds being polar - The overall molecular geometry results in complete cancellation of dipole moments - Symmetrical arrangement leads to zero net dipole moment

Final Answer

IF₅ is a NONPOLAR molecule due to its perfectly symmetrical pentagonal bipyramidal geometry, which causes individual bond dipoles to cancel out completely.