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QuestionChemistry

"The anion O^3− does not obey the octet rule. Draw its Lewis structure. State the type of octet-rule exception. Indicate the values of nonzero formal charges. Include lone pair electrons."
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Step 1:
: Draw the Lewis structure for the ozone anion (O^3−).

Start by placing the central oxygen atom and then add the two outer oxygen atoms around it. Place a single bond between the central and outer atoms: \mathrm{O}-\mathrm{O}=\mathrm{O}

Step 2:
: Calculate the formal charge for each oxygen atom.

To calculate the formal charge, use the formula: For the central oxygen atom: - Valence electrons: 6 - Nonbonding electrons: 4 (two lone pairs) - Bonding electrons: 4 (two bonds) So, For each outer oxygen atom: - Valence electrons: 6 - Nonbonding electrons: 2 (one lone pair) - Bonding electrons: 4 (two bonds) So,

Step 3:
: Identify the type of octet-rule exception.

In this case, the central oxygen atom has 6 electrons in its outer shell, which is an expanded octet. The two outer oxygen atoms have 7 electrons in their outer shell, which is also an expanded octet.

Step 4:
: Indicate the values of nonzero formal charges.

The formal charge for each outer oxygen atom is + 1.

Step 5:
: Include lone pair electrons.

Adding lone pair electrons to the Lewis structure: \mathrm{O}: \underline{\mathrm{O}}=\mathrm{O}:

Final Answer

The Lewis structure for the ozone anion (O^3−) is: \mathrm{O}: \underline{\mathrm{O}}=\mathrm{O}: The type of octet-rule exception is an expanded octet for the central and outer oxygen atoms. The nonzero formal charges are + 1 for each outer oxygen atom.