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QuestionChemistry

The net charge on a sulfide ion (s^2−) is obtained by gaining electrons. Explain how this ion obtains its charge. Your answer should include a discussion of subatomic particles.
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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, focusing on the subatomic particles and charge transfer for the sulfide ion.

Step 2:
: Understanding the Sulfide Ion

The sulfide ion ($$S^{2-}$$) is a negatively charged ion formed from a sulfur atom.
To understand how it obtains its charge, we need to examine its electron configuration and atomic structure.

Step 3:
: Neutral Sulfur Atom Composition

- Electron configuration: $$1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{6} 3s^{2} 3p^{4}
A neutral sulfur atom has: - 16 protons in the nucleus (atomic number 16) - 16 electrons in a neutral state

Step 4:
: Electron Gain Mechanism

To become a $$S^{2-}$$ ion, the sulfur atom must gain two electrons.
This process occurs by: - Accepting two additional electrons from another atom - Filling its outer 3p orbital completely - Resulting in a stable electron configuration similar to argon

Step 5:
: Charge Transfer Explanation

- The net charge becomes $$2-
- Protons (positive) remain unchanged in the nucleus - Two electrons are added to the atom - This increases the total negative charge by 2

Step 6:
: Subatomic Particle Analysis

- Protons: 16 (unchanged) - Neutrons: typically 16 (unchanged) - Electrons: 18 (16 original + 2 gained)

Final Answer

The sulfide ion (S^{2 -}) obtains its negative charge by gaining two electrons, which increases its total electron count to 18 while maintaining 16 protons, creating a net charge of 2 -.