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QuestionChemistry

Use VSEPR theory to predict the molecular geometry (shape) of nitrogen trichloride, NCl₃. A. Linear B. Trigonal planar C. Bent D. Tetrahedral E. Trigonal pyramidal
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step using VSEPR theory:

Step 2:
: Determine the central atom

- The central atom is nitrogen (N) - Nitrogen will be the atom to which other atoms are bonded

Step 3:
: Count the number of electron domains around the central atom

- Nitrogen has 3 single bonds to chlorine atoms - Nitrogen also has a lone pair of electrons - Total electron domains = 4

Step 4:
: Apply VSEPR theory electron domain geometry

\text{Electron domain geometry: Tetrahedral}
- 4 electron domains around the central atom - Electron domain geometry is tetrahedral

Step 5:
: Determine the number of bonding domains

- 3 chlorine atoms are bonded to nitrogen - 1 lone pair exists on nitrogen

Step 6:
: Calculate the molecular geometry

- With 3 bonding domains and 1 lone pair - This results in a trigonal pyramidal shape - The lone pair causes slight distortion from perfect tetrahedral geometry

Step 7:
: Eliminate incorrect answer choices

- Linear (A): Incorrect - Trigonal planar (B): Incorrect - Bent (C): Incorrect - Tetrahedral (D): Close, but not precise - Trigonal pyramidal (E): Correct ✓

Final Answer

Trigonal pyramidal