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QuestionChemistry

Using the VSEPR model, the molecular geometry of the central atom in ClO^3− is: A. bent B. linear C. trigonal pyramidal D. trigonal planar E. tetrahedral
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Step 1:
Let's solve this step by step using the VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) model:

Step 2:
: Determine the central atom

- The central atom in ClO^3− is chlorine (Cl)

Step 3:
: Count the total number of electron domains around the central atom

- Chlorine has 3 oxygen atoms bonded to it - There is a negative charge on the ion - Electron domain count: * 3 single bonds to oxygen atoms * 1 lone pair on the central chlorine atom - Total electron domains = 4

Step 4:
: Determine electron domain geometry

\text{Electron domain geometry: Tetrahedral}
- 4 electron domains around the central atom - This corresponds to a tetrahedral electron domain geometry

Step 5:
: Determine molecular geometry

\text{Molecular geometry: Trigonal pyramidal}
- 4 total domains - 3 domains are bonding (to oxygen atoms) - 1 domain is a lone pair - This results in a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry

Step 6:
: Verify the answer choices

- Comparing to the given options, trigonal pyramidal corresponds to option C

Final Answer

Key Reasoning: - VSEPR model considers both bonding and non-bonding electron domains - The lone pair on chlorine causes slight distortion from a perfect tetrahedral shape - The presence of the lone pair pushes the oxygen atoms slightly, creating a trigonal pyramidal geometry