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QuestionChemistry

What is the correct molecular geometry of NH^3 according to valence shell electron pair repulsion theory? Option 1: Linear Option 2: Trigonal Planar Option 3: Tetrahedral Option 4: Octahedral
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step using VSEPR (Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion) theory:

Step 2:
: Determine the central atom and valence electrons

- Total valence electrons: $$5 + (3 \times 1) = 8$$ electrons
- The central atom is nitrogen (N) - Nitrogen has 5 valence electrons - Hydrogen (H) has 1 valence electron

Step 3:
: Draw the Lewis structure

- Form single bonds between N and each H - Remaining electrons form a lone pair on the nitrogen atom - Total electron domains: 4 (3 bonding, 1 non-bonding)

Step 4:
: Apply VSEPR theory

- Number of electron domains: 4 - Number of bonding domains: 3 - Number of lone pairs: 1 - This corresponds to a trigonal pyramidal geometry

Step 5:
: Determine electron domain geometry

- With 4 total electron domains, the electron domain geometry is tetrahedral - However, the molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal due to the lone pair

Step 6:
: Analyze molecular geometry

- The lone pair causes slight distortion from perfect tetrahedral - Bond angles will be slightly less than 109.5°

Final Answer

Option 3: Tetrahedral (electron domain geometry), with a trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry.