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QuestionChemistry

What is the molecular geometry, or shape, of chloroform (CHCl3)? A. tetrahedral B. trigonal pyramidal C. linear D. trigonal planar
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Answer

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Step 1:
Let's solve this step by step:

Step 2:
: Determine the central atom

- In chloroform (CHCl3), carbon (C) is the central atom - Carbon has 4 valence electrons and forms 4 bonds in this molecule

Step 3:
: Count the number of electron domains around the central carbon

- 1 bond to hydrogen (H) - 3 bonds to chlorine (Cl) - Total of 4 electron domains around the carbon atom

Step 4:
: Analyze electron domain geometry

- 4 electron domains around a central atom - This corresponds to a tetrahedral electron domain geometry - All electron domains are bonding domains (no lone pairs)

Step 5:
: Determine molecular geometry

- When all electron domains are bonding domains - The molecular shape matches the electron domain geometry - In this case, the molecular geometry is tetrahedral

Step 6:
: Visualize the molecular structure

- Carbon at the center - Hydrogen and three chlorine atoms arranged at the vertices of a tetrahedron - Bond angles are approximately 109.5°

Final Answer

The key reasoning is that CHCl^3 has 4 electron domains around the central carbon atom, resulting in a perfect tetrahedral molecular geometry.