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QuestionChemistry

What type of molecule is BCl^3? Is it polar or nonpolar?
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Step 1:
Let's solve this step by step:

Step 2:
: Understand the Molecular Structure

- BCl^3 is boron trichloride - Boron (B) is the central atom - Three chlorine (Cl) atoms are bonded to the central boron atom

Step 3:
: Determine Molecular Geometry

- The molecular geometry is trigonal planar - Boron has 3 valence electrons and forms 3 single bonds with chlorine atoms - Bond angles are 120° between each chlorine atom

Step 4:
: Analyze Electronegativity

- Chlorine is much more electronegative than boron - Chlorine has an electronegativity of 3.16 - Boron has an electronegativity of 2.04 - This creates polar B-Cl bonds

Step 5:
: Symmetry Analysis

- Despite polar B-Cl bonds, the trigonal planar geometry is symmetrical - The three chlorine atoms are arranged equally around the boron - The individual bond dipoles cancel each other out

Step 6:
: Polarity Determination

- The symmetrical arrangement means the net dipole moment is zero - Therefore, BCl^3 is a nonpolar molecule

Final Answer

BCl^3 is a nonpolar molecule with trigonal planar geometry, despite having polar B-Cl bonds.