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QuestionChemistry

Which element, Oxygen (O) or Fluorine (F), has a smaller atomic radius? A. O, because the attraction between protons and valence electrons is weaker. B. F, because the attraction between protons and valence electrons is stronger. C. F, because the attraction between protons and valence electrons is weaker. D. O, because the attraction between protons and valence electrons is stronger.
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, focusing on atomic structure and periodic trends.

Step 2:
: Understand Atomic Radius Trends

The atomic radius depends on several factors, primarily: - Number of protons in the nucleus - Number of electron shells - Effective nuclear charge - Electron-proton attraction

Step 3:
: Examine Electron Configuration

- Oxygen (O): $$1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{4}
- Fluorine (F): 1s^{2} 2s^{2} 2p^{5}

Step 4:
: Compare Nuclear Charge

- Oxygen: 8 protons - Fluorine: 9 protons

Step 5:
: Analyze Electron-Proton Attraction

As you move right across a period in the periodic table, nuclear charge increases while the number of electron shells remains constant. This leads to: - Stronger attraction between protons and electrons - Increased pulling of electrons closer to the nucleus - Smaller atomic radius

Step 6:
: Determine Atomic Radius

Fluorine, being further right in period 2, will have: - Higher nuclear charge - Stronger electron-proton attraction - Smaller atomic radius

Final Answer

F, because the attraction between protons and valence electrons is stronger.