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QuestionChemistry

Which of the following characteristics apply to NCl₃? A. Polar bonds B. Nonpolar molecule C. Trigonal pyramidal molecular shape D. sp³ hybridized
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Answer

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Step 1:
Let's solve this step by step by analyzing the molecular structure and bonding of NCl₃.

Step 2:
: Determine the Lewis structure

- Nitrogen (N) is the central atom - Chlorine (Cl) atoms are terminal atoms - Total valence electrons: 5 (N) + 3 × 7 (Cl) = 26 electrons - The Lewis structure shows three single bonds between N and Cl atoms

Step 3:
: Analyze bond polarity

- $$\Delta\chi = |3.16 - 3.04| = 0.12
- Electronegativity difference between N (3.04) and Cl (3.16) - The difference is small but significant - This indicates polar covalent bonds

Step 4:
: Determine molecular geometry

- Central N atom has four electron domains (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) - Molecular geometry is trigonal pyramidal - Lone pair causes slight deviation from perfect tetrahedral geometry

Step 5:
: Hybridization analysis

- Central N atom uses sp³ hybridization - Four electron domains (3 bonds + 1 lone pair) require sp³ orbitals

Final Answer

NCl₃ has polar bonds, a trigonal pyramidal molecular shape, and is sp³ hybridized.