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QuestionChemistry

Which response includes all the molecules below that do not follow the octet rule? H₂S BCl₃ PH₃ SF₄ Select one: A. (1) and (2) B. (2) and (4) C. (1) and (4) D. (3) and (4) E. (2) and (3)
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Answer

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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step, analyzing each molecule's electron configuration:

Step 2:
: Understand the Octet Rule

The octet rule states that atoms tend to combine in such a way that they each have eight electrons in their valence shell. Molecules that do not follow this rule have fewer or more than eight electrons around an atom.

Step 3:
: Analyze H₂S

- Total valence electrons: $$8 + 2 = 10
- Sulfur has 6 valence electrons - Hydrogen has 1 valence electron - Sulfur has 10 electrons, which follows the octet rule - H₂S FOLLOWS the octet rule

Step 4:
: Analyze BCl₃

- Total valence electrons: $$3 + (3 \times 7) = 24
- Boron has 3 valence electrons - Chlorine has 7 valence electrons - Boron has only 6 electrons, NOT following the octet rule - BCl₃ DOES NOT follow the octet rule

Step 5:
: Analyze PH₃

- Total valence electrons: $$8 + 3 = 11
- Phosphorus has 5 valence electrons - Hydrogen has 1 valence electron - Phosphorus has 8 electrons, following the octet rule - PH₃ FOLLOWS the octet rule

Step 6:
: Analyze SF₄

- Total valence electrons: $$6 + (4 \times 7) = 34
- Sulfur has 6 valence electrons - Fluorine has 7 valence electrons - Sulfur has 12 electrons, exceeding the octet rule - SF₄ DOES NOT follow the octet rule

Step 7:
: Identify Molecules Not Following Octet Rule

- BCl₃ and SF₄ do not follow the octet rule

Final Answer

B. (2) and (4), which correspond to BCl₃ and SF₄.