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QuestionChemistry

Why is perchloric acid called so? Why is it not called hyperchloric acid? Is it correct to also refer to perchloric acid as hyperchloric acid?
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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem by explaining the nomenclature of perchloric acid:

Step 2:
: Understanding the Chlorine Oxoacid Naming Convention

Perchloric acid follows a specific naming convention for oxoacids of chlorine. In the series of chlorine oxoacids, the prefixes indicate the relative oxygen content: - Hypochlorous acid (lowest oxygen content) - Chlorous acid (intermediate oxygen content) - Chloric acid (higher oxygen content) - Perchloric acid (highest oxygen content)

Step 3:
: Chemical Composition

Perchloric acid has the chemical formula $$HClO_{4}$$, which contains:
- One hydrogen atom - One chlorine atom - Four oxygen atoms

Step 4:
: Etymology and Prefix Explanation

The prefix "per-" comes from the Latin "per" meaning "thoroughly" or "completely". In chemical nomenclature, it specifically indicates the highest possible oxidation state of an element in a compound.

Step 5:
: Why Not "Hyperchloric"?

"Hyper-" means "above" or "excessive", which is different from "per-". In chemical nomenclature, "per-" is the standard prefix for the highest oxidation state, not "hyper-".

Step 6:
: Nomenclature Correctness

It is NOT correct to call perchloric acid "hyperchloric acid". The standard and scientifically accepted name is "perchloric acid".

Final Answer

It should not be called "hyperchloric acid", as this is not a scientifically recognized term.