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QuestionChemistry

Why is water considered a polar molecule? A. The molecule has no overall charge. B. The oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons equally. C. The atoms in the molecule have partial charges. D. The molecule can only attract positive charges.
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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, explaining the concept of polar molecules and water's molecular structure.

Step 2:
: Understand Molecular Polarity

Molecular polarity is determined by the distribution of electrical charge within a molecule. This depends on the electronegativity differences between atoms and their geometric arrangement.

Step 3:
: Examine Water's Molecular Structure

Water ($$H_2O$$) consists of:
- One oxygen atom - Two hydrogen atoms - Bent molecular geometry

Step 4:
: Analyze Electronegativity

- Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen - Oxygen pulls electron density more strongly toward itself - This creates an unequal electron distribution

Step 5:
: Charge Distribution in Water

- Oxygen develops a partial negative charge ($$\delta^{-}$$)
- Hydrogen atoms develop partial positive charges (\delta^{+}) - This unequal charge distribution creates a molecular dipole

Step 6:
: Evaluate the Answer Choices

- Choice A is incorrect: Water does have charge separation - Choice B is incorrect: Electrons are NOT shared equally - Choice C is CORRECT: The atoms have partial charges - Choice D is incorrect: Water can attract both positive and negative charges

Final Answer

The atoms in the molecule have partial charges. The key characteristic of water's polarity is the unequal electron distribution, creating partial positive and negative charges across the molecule.