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QuestionChemistry

Write Lewis structures that obey the octet rule for the following species. Assign the formal charge for each central atom. b. SO^2− 4 ​
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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step, carefully following the LaTeX formatting guidelines:

Step 2:
: Determine the total number of valence electrons

• Total valence electrons: $$6 + 24 + 2 = 32$$ electrons
• Sulfur (S): 6 valence electrons • Oxygen (O): 6 × 4 = 24 valence electrons • Charge of - 2 adds 2 more electrons

Step 3:
: Arrange atoms in the structure

• Sulfur will be the central atom • Four oxygen atoms will be arranged around sulfur

Step 4:
: Connect atoms with single bonds

• This uses $$4 \times 2 = 8$$ electrons
• Draw single bonds between sulfur and each oxygen

Step 5:
: Add remaining electrons as lone pairs

• Remaining electrons: $$32 - 8 = 24$$ electrons
• Distribute these as lone pairs on oxygen atoms • Each oxygen will have 3 lone pairs

Step 6:
: Calculate formal charges

• For each oxygen: $$6 - 6 - \frac{1}{2}(2) = -1
• For sulfur: 6 - 0 - \frac{1}{2}(8) = + 1

Final Answer

• Central sulfur has a + 1 formal charge • Each oxygen has a - 1 formal charge • Tetrahedral geometry with four equivalent oxygen atoms