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Chemistry /Key Concepts of the Periodic Table and Elements in Living Systems

Key Concepts of the Periodic Table and Elements in Living Systems

Chemistry10 CardsCreated 18 days ago

This deck covers the periodic table's structure, the octet rule, and the significance of elements in living systems, focusing on noble gases, reactive elements, and the most common elements in biological organisms.

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What are noble gases?

Noble gases are elements with eight electrons in their outer energy level (two for helium), making them inert or nonreactive.

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What are noble gases?

Noble gases are elements with eight electrons in their outer energy level (two for helium), making them inert or nonreactive.

Why are elements with seven electrons in their outer energy level highly reactive?

They are highly reactive because they tend to gain the extra electron needed to fill their outer energy level.

What is the octet rule?

The octet rule states that atoms tend to establish completely full outer energy levels, typically with eight electrons.

Which elements are highly reactive due to having only one electron in their outer energy level?

Elements like lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) are highly reactive because they tend to lose their single outer electron.

How many naturally occurring elements are found in living systems in more than trace amounts?

Twelve elements are found in living systems in more than trace amounts.

What percentage of the human body's weight is made up by oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen?

These four elements make up 96.3% of the human body's weight.

What is the significance of valence electrons?

Valence electrons are in the outermost energy level and are responsible for the differing chemical properties of elements.

What pattern did Dmitri Mendeleev discover in the periodic table?

Mendeleev discovered that elements exhibit a pattern of chemical properties that repeats itself in groups of eight.

Why is helium an exception to the octet rule?

Helium is an exception because it only needs two electrons to fill its outer energy level.

What is the basis for the periodic table's name?

The periodic table is named for the periodically repeating pattern of chemical properties among the elements.

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Key Concepts of the Periodic Table and Elements in Living Systems

Term	Definition
What are noble gases?	Noble gases are elements with eight electrons in their outer energy level (two for helium), making them inert or nonreactive.
Why are elements with seven electrons in their outer energy level highly reactive?	They are highly reactive because they tend to gain the extra electron needed to fill their outer energy level.
What is the octet rule?	The octet rule states that atoms tend to establish completely full outer energy levels, typically with eight electrons.
Which elements are highly reactive due to having only one electron in their outer energy level?	Elements like lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) are highly reactive because they tend to lose their single outer electron.
How many naturally occurring elements are found in living systems in more than trace amounts?	Twelve elements are found in living systems in more than trace amounts.
What percentage of the human body's weight is made up by oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen?	These four elements make up 96.3% of the human body's weight.
What is the significance of valence electrons?	Valence electrons are in the outermost energy level and are responsible for the differing chemical properties of elements.
What pattern did Dmitri Mendeleev discover in the periodic table?	Mendeleev discovered that elements exhibit a pattern of chemical properties that repeats itself in groups of eight.
Why is helium an exception to the octet rule?	Helium is an exception because it only needs two electrons to fill its outer energy level.
What is the basis for the periodic table's name?	The periodic table is named for the periodically repeating pattern of chemical properties among the elements.