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Chemistry /Thermochemistry and Reaction Kinetics

Thermochemistry and Reaction Kinetics

Chemistry10 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in thermochemistry and reaction kinetics, including energy types, system definitions, the first law of thermodynamics, enthalpy, heat capacity, Hess's law, reaction rates, and the Arrhenius equation.

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What is kinetic energy and how is it calculated?

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as E_k = 0.5 * m * v^2.

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What is kinetic energy and how is it calculated?

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as E_k = 0.5 * m * v^2.

Define potential energy and provide its formula.

Potential energy is the energy an object possesses by virtue of its position, calculated as PE = mgh.

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed; energy is conserved.

Differentiate between open, closed, and isolated systems.

An open system exchanges matter and energy with surroundings, a closed system exchanges energy but not matter, and an isolated system exchanges neithe...

What is enthalpy (H) and how is it related to heat flow?

Enthalpy accounts for heat flow in processes at constant pressure, with no work other than pressure-volume work. ΔH = ΔU + PΔV.

Explain Hess's Law.

Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step, independent of the path taken.

What factors affect reaction rates?

Reaction rates are affected by the physical state of reactants, concentration, temperature, and the presence of catalysts.

Define activation energy.

Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.

What is the Arrhenius equation?

The Arrhenius equation, k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), relates the rate constant (k) to temperature (T) and activation energy (Ea).

How is the rate law expressed for a reaction?

The rate law is expressed as Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant and m, n are the reaction orders.

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Thermochemistry and Reaction Kinetics

Term	Definition
What is kinetic energy and how is it calculated?	Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion, calculated as E_k = 0.5 * m * v^2.
Define potential energy and provide its formula.	Potential energy is the energy an object possesses by virtue of its position, calculated as PE = mgh.
What is the first law of thermodynamics?	The first law of thermodynamics states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only transformed; energy is conserved.
Differentiate between open, closed, and isolated systems.	An open system exchanges matter and energy with surroundings, a closed system exchanges energy but not matter, and an isolated system exchanges neither.
What is enthalpy (H) and how is it related to heat flow?	Enthalpy accounts for heat flow in processes at constant pressure, with no work other than pressure-volume work. ΔH = ΔU + PΔV.
Explain Hess's Law.	Hess's Law states that the total enthalpy change for a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for each step, independent of the path taken.
What factors affect reaction rates?	Reaction rates are affected by the physical state of reactants, concentration, temperature, and the presence of catalysts.
Define activation energy.	Activation energy is the minimum energy required to initiate a chemical reaction.
What is the Arrhenius equation?	The Arrhenius equation, k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), relates the rate constant (k) to temperature (T) and activation energy (Ea).
How is the rate law expressed for a reaction?	The rate law is expressed as Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant and m, n are the reaction orders.