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BTM8106-8-1 Jackson (2012) Even-Numbered Chapter Exercises

A structured set of exercises on business research methods.

Benjamin White
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BTM8106-8-11BTM8106-8-1JACKSON (2012) EVEN-NUMBERED CHAPTER EXERCISES (P. 244).2.What possible confounds can you identify in this study?A confound is defined as “an uncontrolled extraneous variable or flaw in an experiment”(Jackson, 2012, p.229). In this particular study, 21 participants withdrew from the study, and85% of the remaining 29 participants reported improvements. Although “improved” is implied tomean lessdepressed, theinfluence of the therapy cannot be directly detected. The confoundingvariable in this study aims to link the independent variable (therapy) with the independentvariable (improvements).4.What are internal validity and external validity, and why are they so important toresearchers?Internal validityis definedasthe accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect(Cozby& Bates,2012).Studies with high internal validity indicate a change in one variable has an effecton another.External validity, as noted by Trochim and Donnelly (2008),externalvalidity“isthedegree to which the conclusions in your study would hold for other persons in other places and atother times” (p.34).Some suggestthat findings obtained in laboratory tests may not work inpractice (Guthrie, 2010). Based on that assumption, Cozby and Bates (2012) question whetherthe results of a study can be duplicated with other operational definitions of the variables;definitions of a variable that are difficult to manifest in the “real” world (Leedy & Ormrod,2013). Additionally, researchers must question whether the same results would be produced withdifferent participants and in different settings.6.What are the similarities and differences between within-subjects andmatched-subjectsdesigns?

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Document Details

University
Northcentral University
Course
BTM 8106
Subject
Business Management

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