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Macroeconomics 9th Edition Test Bank

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    1 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. Macroeconomics, 9e (Abel/Bernanke/Croushore) Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 What Macroeconomics Is About 1) The two major reasons for the tremendous growth in output in the U.S. economy over the last 125 years are A) population growth and low inflation. B) population growth and increased productivity. C) low unemployment and low inflation. D) low inflation and low trade deficits. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 2) The main reason that the United States has such a high standard of living is A) low unemployment. B) high average labor productivity. C) low inflation. D) high government budget deficits. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 3) Which of the following factors are most important for determining the economic growth of a country? A) The country's level of resources B) The independence of the country's central bank C) The country's rates of saving and investment D) The level of sophistication of a country's financial markets Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: New 4) Average labor productivity is the A) amount of workers per machine. B) amount of machines per worker. C) ratio of employed to unemployed workers. D) amount of output per worker. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    2 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 5) In analyzing macroeconomic data during the past year, you have discovered that average labor productivity fell, but total output increased. What was most likely to have caused this? A) There is nothing unusual in this outcome because this is what normally occurs. B) The capital — output ratio probably rose. C) There was an increase in labor input. D) Unemployment probably increased. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 6) In which of the following periods did average labor productivity in the United States grow the fastest? A) 1929 to 1935 B) 1949 to 1973 C) 1973 to 1995 D) 1995 to 2008 Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 7) The most direct effect of an increase in the growth rate of average labor productivity would be an increase in A) the inflation rate. B) the unemployment rate. C) the long - run economic growth rate. D) imported goods. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 8) Short - run contractions and expansions in economic activity are called A) recessions. B) expansions. C) deficits. D) the business cycle. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    3 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) When national output rises, the economy is said to be in A) an expansion. B) a deflation. C) an inflation. D) a recession. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 10) When national output declines, the economy is said to be in A) an expansion. B) a deflation. C) an inflation. D) a recession. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: New 11) Which of the following best describes a typical business cycle? A) Economic expansions are followed by economic contractions. B) Inflation is followed by unemployment. C) Trade surpluses are followed by trade deficits. D) Stagflation is followed by inflationary economic growth. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 12) During recessions, the unemployment rate ________ and output ________. A) rises; falls B) rises; rises C) falls; rises D) falls; falls Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    4 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 13) The number of unemployed divided by the labor force equals A) the inflation rate. B) the labor force participation rate. C) the unemployment rate. D) the misery index. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 14) The unemployment rate is the A) number of unemployed divided by the number of employed. B) number of employed divided by the number of unemployed. C) number of unemployed divided by the labor force. D) labor force divided by the number of unemployed. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 15) The highest and most prolonged period of unemployment in the United States over the last 125 years occurred during A) World War II. B) the 1890s Depression. C) the 1990 - 1991 recession. D) the Great Depression of the 1930s. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 16) During the Great Depression, the unemployment rate for the United States peaked at approximately A) 10%. B) 70%. C) 45%. D) 25%. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    5 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 17) If a city has 3293 unemployed people and 73,177 in its labor force, then the city's unemployment rate equals A) 45.0%. B) 4.5%. C) 4.3%. D) 0.45%. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: New 18) If a city has 3293 unemployed people and 69,884 employed people, then the city's unemployment rate equals A) 45.0%. B) 4.5%. C) 4.3%. D) 0.45%. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: New 19) A country is said to be experiencing inflation when A) prices of most goods and services are rising over time. B) prices of most goods and services are falling over time. C) total output is rising over time. D) total output is falling over time. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 20) From 1800 to 1940, the price level in the United States A) trended neither upward nor downward. B) fluctuated wildly. C) declined slowly. D) increased slowly. Answer: A Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    6 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 21) Before World War II, the average level of prices in the United States usually A) fell during wartime and rose during peacetime. B) fell during wartime and fell during peacetime. C) rose during wartime and fell during peacetime. D) rose during wartime and rose during peacetime. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 22) A country is said to be experiencing inflation when A) prices of most goods and services are rising over time. B) prices of most goods and services are falling over time. C) total output is rising over time. D) total output is falling over time. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: New 23) A country is said to be experiencing deflation when A) prices of most goods and services are rising over time. B) prices of most goods and services are falling over time. C) total output is rising over time. D) total output is falling over time. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 24) The inflation rate is the A) percent increase in the average level of prices over a year. B) percent increase in output over a year. C) percent increase in the unemployment rate over a year. D) price level divided by the level of output. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    7 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 25) If the price level was 100 in 2014 and 102 in 2015, the inflation rate was A) 102%. B) 20%. C) 2%. D) 0.2%. Answer: C Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 26) A closed economy is a national economy that A) doesn't interact economically with the rest of the world. B) has a stock market that is not open to traders from outside the country. C) has extensive trading and financial relationships with other national economies. D) has not established diplomatic relations with other national economies. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 27) An open economy is a national economy that A) doesn't interact economically with the rest of the world. B) has a stock market that is open to traders from anywhere in the world. C) has extensive trading and financial relationships with other national economies. D) has established diplomatic relations with most other national economies. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 28) An economy that doesn't interact economically with the rest of the world is called ________ economy. A) a closed B) an open C) a surplus D) an authoritarian Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    8 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 29) U.S. exports are goods and services A) produced abroad and sold to Americans. B) produced in the United States and sold to Americans. C) produced abroad and sold to foreigners. D) produced in the United States and sold to foreigners. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: New 30) U.S. imports are goods and services A) produced abroad and sold to Americans. B) produced in the United States and sold to Americans. C) produced abroad and sold to foreigners. D) produced in the United States and sold to foreigners. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 31) Following World War I and World War II, the United States had a A) small trade surplus. B) small trade deficit. C) large trade deficit. D) large trade surplus. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 32) In the 1980s, 1990s, and 2000s, the United States has had a A) small trade surplus. B) small trade deficit. C) large trade deficit. D) large trade surplus. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    9 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 33) A country has a trade surplus when A) imports exceed exports. B) imports equal exports. C) exports exceed imports. D) imports equal zero. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 34) A country has a trade deficit when A) imports exceed exports. B) imports equal exports. C) exports exceed imports. D) exports are zero. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 35) Data on exports and imports for the United States over the period from 1890 to 2008 show that A) the United States had large trade deficits throughout this entire period. B) the United States had large trade surpluses throughout this entire period. C) the percentage of total output exported by U.S. firms fell dramatically during World War I and World War II. D) a higher percentage of U.S. goods was exported in recent years than in earlier years. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 36) A central bank is an institution that A) pays for government expenditures. B) controls a nation's monetary policy. C) runs a country's stock market. D) determines a nation's fiscal policy. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    10 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 37) In the United States, monetary policy is determined by A) the Federal Reserve. B) the president. C) private citizens. D) the Treasury Department. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 38) The peak in U.S. government spending as a percent of GDP occurred during A) World War II. B) the 1960s war on poverty. C) the Great Depression. D) the war against Iraq in the 2000s. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 39) Why were the U.S. government budget deficits of the 1980s and early 1990s so unusual from a historical point of view? A) It was the first time the U.S. government had ever run deficits. B) In the past, deficits were usually that large only in wartime. C) It was the first time that deficits were accompanied by very high rates of inflation. D) It was the first time that deficits diverted funds from other productive uses, such as investment in modern equipment. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 40) Critics of the government's fiscal policies argued that government deficits A) prevented capital from flowing into the United States. B) were linked to the excess of imports over exports that occurred in the 1980s. C) caused the level of unemployment in the United States to increase during the 1980s. D) had directly contributed to a decline in the level of demand in the American economy. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    11 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 41) The difference between microeconomics and macroeconomics is that A) microeconomics looks at supply and demand for goods, macroeconomics looks at supply and demand for services. B) microeconomics looks at prices, macroeconomics looks at inflation. C) microeconomics looks at individual consumers, macroeconomics looks at national totals. D) microeconomics looks at national issues, macroeconomics looks at global issues. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 42) Aggregation is the process of A) calculating real GDP based on nominal GDP and the price index. B) summing individual economic variables to obtain economywide totals. C) forecasting the components of GDP. D) predicting when recessions will occur. Answer: B Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 43) What are the major factors affecting the long - term growth of the economy's output? Answer: The major factors are population growth and average labor productivity. Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 44) Macroeconomic information for the economy of Anchovy is given below. (a) What was the growth rate of average labor productivity in Anchovy between Year 1 and Year 2? (b) What was the inflation rate in Anchovy between Year 1 and Year 2? (c) What was the unemployment rate in Year 1? In Year 2? Answer: (a) Average labor productivity: Year 1: 8000/700 = 80/7; Year 2: 9000/800 = 90/8; growth rate = [(90/8)/(80/7)] - 1 = - 0.016 = - 1.6% (b) Inflation rate: (9/8) - 1 = 0.125 = 12.5% (c) Unemployment rates: Year 1: 70/770 = 0.091 = 9.1%; Year 2: 100/900 = 0.111 = 11.1% Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    12 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 45) Using the CPI measure of the price level, which is 100 in the base year of 2007, calculate the annual inflation rates for (a) 2013, when the index is 103.7. (b) 2014, when the index is 105.5. (c) 2015, when the index is 107.7. Answer: (a) Inflation in 2013 = (103.7 - 100)/100 × 100% = 3.7%. (b) Inflation in 2014 = (105.5 - 103.7)/100 × 100% = 1.7%. (c) Inflation in 2015 = (107.7 - 105.5)/100 × 100% = 2.1%. Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Revised 46) What is meant by aggregation ? Why is aggregation important for macroeconomic analysis? Answer: Aggregation refers to the process of adding together individual economic variables to obtain economywide totals. Aggregation distinguishes microeconomics from macroeconomics. It allows us to study the economy as a whole, rather than looking at its individual parts. Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.1 Question Status: Previous Edition 1.2 What Macroeconomists Do 1) Many people perceive erroneously that most macroeconomists spend a lot of time engaged in A) forecasting. B) macroeconomic research. C) macroeconomic analysis. D) data development. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition 2) The main goal of macroeconomic research is to A) predict how the macroeconomy will perform in the future. B) analyze current macroeconomic data. C) develop new data that can be used to understand better the operation of the economy. D) make general statements about how the economy works. Answer: D Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    13 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 3) A set of ideas about the economy that have been organized in a logical framework is called A) empirical analysis. B) a methodology. C) economic theory. D) data development. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition 4) Assumptions for economic theories and models should be A) rejected if they are not totally realistic. B) logical rather than empirically testable. C) simple and reasonable rather than complex. D) maintained until overwhelming evidence to the contrary occurs. Answer: C Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition 5) Testing a theory by comparing the theory's implications with data obtained in the real world is called A) empirical analysis. B) descriptive calibration. C) historical variance analysis. D) univariate analysis. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition 6) If the theory behind an economic model fits the data poorly, you would probably want to A) use the theory to predict what would happen if the economic setting or economic policies change. B) start from scratch with a new model. C) enrich the model with additional assumptions. D) restate the research question. Answer: B Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    14 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 7) Why is macroeconomic forecasting so difficult? Does this difficulty mean economics is a worthless field of study? Answer: Forecasting is difficult because our understanding of how the economy works is imperfect and because it's impossible to take into account all the factors that might affect future economic trends. This just means the field of economics is difficult and complex, not that it's worthless. Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition 8) Match each of the following jobs to its major area: forecasting, analysis, research, or data development. Explain your answers. (a) Economist at university, testing theories about the efficient allocation of resources in the foreign exchange market (b) Economist at Wall Street firm trying to predict the rate of inflation next year using past data (c) Economist at auto firm looking at demand for new automobiles (d) Economist at the International Trade Commission trying to determine whether foreign firms are dumping goods in the United States (e) Economist at the Commerce Department developing new methods for calculating price indexes (f) Economist consulting in Eastern Europe about how to set up free - market financial systems Answer: (a) Research (b) Forecasting (c) Analysis (d) Analysis (e) Data development (f) Analysis Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition

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    15 Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc. 9) Briefly describe the following tasks of macroeconomists: forecasting; analysis; research; and data development. Answer: (a) Forecasting. Macroeconomists develop models to predict the future values of macroeconomic variables in one or more markets. These models are usually based on economic theory but are statistical in form and estimated using macroeconomic data. (b) Analysis. Macroeconomists analyze changes in macroeconomic policies as well as other changes in macroeconomic market conditions. This analysis is based on economic theory, uses analytic reasoning techniques, and may rely on forecasting models. (c) Research. The goal of macroeconomic research is to make general statements about how the economy works. Research economists formulate and test theories. (d) Data development. Macroeconomic data development provides the data needed in macroeconomic research, analysis, and forecasting. Most macroeconomic data are collected and published by the government. Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.2 Question Status: Previous Edition 1.3 Why Macroeconomists Disagree 1) Positive analysis of economic policy A) examines the economic consequences of policies but does not address the question of whether those consequences are desirable. B) examines the economic consequences of policies and addresses the question of whether those consequences are desirable. C) generates less agreement among economists than normative analysis. D) is rare in questions of economic policy. Answer: A Diff: 1 Topic: Section: 1.3 Question Status: Previous Edition 2) Which of the statements below is primarily normative in nature? A) There is an unequal distribution of income in the United States. B) The distribution of income is more unequal in the United States than it is in Japan. C) The inequality of income that exists in the United States is partly caused by an unequal distribution of wealth. D) The distribution of income in the United States should be more equal than it is. Answer: D Diff: 2 Topic: Section: 1.3 Question Status: Previous Edition

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