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Test Bank for Your Interpersonal Communication , 1st Edition

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 91 Test Bank Katrina M. Eicher Elizabethtown Community & Technical College

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 93 Chapter 1 Test Bank 1 - 1 Multiple Choice Questions 1 - 1.1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: C When you send and receive messages simultaneously, you are creating a communication a. transfer. b. termination. c. transaction. d. tactic. 1 - 1.2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: A Professor Barnett presents her class notes orally, on PowerPoint, using the white board, and sometimes through in - class skits and TV and movie clips. Her variety of ways to express herself is termed a. encoding. b. outsourcing. c. encrypting. d. interpreting. 1 - 1. 3 Page Ref: 5 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: B The process of interpreting and evaluating another person’s message is called a. deciphering. b. decoding. c. defracting. d. denoting. 1 - 1. 4 Page Ref: 6 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: D In the hallway outside of class, Jaclyn is recounting to Donovan the events of her weekend party, complete with details of the beer pong contest and the arrival of the police. When they enter the classroom, however, Jaclyn lowers her voice, greets her professor, and settles in to her seat politely. Her changes of behavior reflect Jaclyn’s sensitivity to which key element of communication? a. Source b. Noise c. Channel d. Context

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 94 1 - 1. 5 Page Ref: 6 - 8 Topic: Identifying Nature/Nurture Intersections of Interpersonal Communication Answer: D Liam has Asperger Syndrome, an autism spectrum disorder that is characterized by significant difficulties in social interaction. His parents have enrolled him in various therapies to teach him communication skills such as making eye contact and properly greeting others. According to your textbook’s authors, are Liam’s parents wasting their time and money? a. Yes, because communication skills are biological. b. No, because communication skills are cultural, not biological. c. Yes, because communication skills are unrepeatable. d. No, because communication skills are influenced by nature and nurture. 1 - 1.6 Page Ref: 6 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: B Although Kimberly is not hungry when she drives to the movie theatre, she is immediately starving when she smells the popcorn in the lobby. To what component of interpersonal communication is Kimberly responding? a. context b. channel c. code d. culture 1 - 1. 7 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Identifying Nature/Nurture Intersections of Interpersonal Communication Answer: B Julia was a timid baby who grew into a shy teenager. Her consistent communication style is probably attributed to a. normal influences. b. nature influences. c. neural influences. d. nurture influences. 1 - 1. 8 Page Ref: 7 Topic: : Identifying Nature/Nurture Intersections of Interpersonal Communication Answer: D Alan’s parents are both attorneys who have included their son in their professional lives since his birth. He is known as a polite young man who greets others with a firm handshake and direct eye contact. Alan’s communication behaviors are probably attributed to a. normal influences. b. nature influences. c. neural influences. d. nurture influences.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 95 1 - 1. 9 Page Ref: 8 - 9 Topic: Valuing Interpersonal Communication Answer: B Which of the following is NOT a value of interpersonal communication? a. It enhances the quality of your physical health. b. It enhances the quality of your practical life. c. It enhances the quality of your personal life. d. It enhances the quality of your professional life. 1 - 1. 10 Page Ref: 9 Topic: Valuing Interpersonal Communication Answer: B Lindsey has big plans for her life: graduate from college with a degree in business, secure a junior executive position in a Fortune 500 company, and work through the ranks to executive status. According to a survey from the University of Pittsburgh, for what main reason should Lindsey study interpersonal communication? a. Interpersonal communication skills will improve her physical health, giving her the stamina to complete her goals. b. Interpersonal communication skills were cited as the single most important decisive factor in selecting new employees. c. Interpersonal communication skills lead to academic, social, and emotional health. d. Interpersonal communication skills allow us to get others to do things for us, so she’ll know how to convince managers to hire her. 1 - 1. 11 Page Ref: 10 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Creates Meaning on Content and Relational Levels Answer: C Adding “LOL” or a smiley to a text - message is one way to express the __________ level of your communication. a. content b. context c. relational d. relative

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 96 1 - 1. 12 Page Ref: 10 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Creates Meaning on Content and Relational Levels Answer: D Jayne and William had their first relational conflict. William has apologized more than once to Jayne, but her behavior toward him is still cold. Finally, William blows up and says, “I told you I was sorry! What more do you want?”, to which Jayne replies, “It’s not what you said, it’s how you said it.” How can their conflict be explained? a. Jayne is focused on the source, whereas William is focused on the receiver. b. Jayne is focused on the context, whereas William is focused on the content. c. Jayne is focused on the problem, whereas William is focused on the person. d. Jayne is focused on the relational level, whereas William is focused on the content level. 1 - 1. 13 Page Ref: 10 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Creates Meaning on Content and Relational Levels Answer: D Emoticons, goose bumps, a sunburn, and a ring tone are all examples of a. contextual clues. b. feedback. c. channels. d. nonverbal messages. 1 - 1.1 4 Page Ref: 10 - 11 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Occurs on an Impersonal - Intimate Continuum Answer: A Your usual small talk to the cashier at your cafeteria is an example of a. impersonal communication. b. interpersonal communication. c. intimate communication. d. impolite communication. 1 - 1.1 5 Page Ref: 11 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Occurs on an Impersonal - Intimate Continuum Answer: B The communication you have with your best friend, spouse, or relational partner is found at the __________ end of the relationship continuum. a. interpersonal b. intimate c. impersonal d. impolite

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 97 1 - 1.1 6 Page Ref: 11 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Occurs on an Impersonal - Intimate Continuum Answer: A Most of our relationships are found in the __________ of the relationship continuum. a. middle zone between impersonal and intimate b. interpersonal zone c. far right impersonal zone d. far left intimate zone 1 - 1.1 7 Page Ref: 11 Topic: Interpersonal Communication is Irreversible and Unrepeatable Answer: C The clearest interpretation of the idea that “communication is unrepeatable” is a. it can’t be taken back. b. it leaves different impressions on all receivers. c. it cannot be recreated, even if we try. d. it’s impossible to communicate all the time. 1 - 1.1 8 Page Ref: 13 Topic: Understanding Your Personality Answer: B Robin, a theatre major, is often sought out for his creative ideas for class projects, Halloween costumes, and marketing campaigns. Robin is likely to score high on what personality trait? a. agreeableness b. openness c. extraversion d. neuroticism 1 - 1.1 9 Page Ref: 14 Topic: Understanding Your Personality Answer: D Susan is known as a “party girl” — always the center of attention and great at making friends with a wide variety of people. Susan is likely to score high on what personality trait? a. a greeableness b. c onscientiousness c. o penness d. e xtraversion

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 98 1 - 1. 20 Page Ref: 16 Topic: Ethics in Interpersonal Communication Answer: A When Seth was elected president of his fraternity, Corey, his former best friend, felt uneasy. Corey recognized Seth’s influential personality as attractive for this leadership role, but he’d seen him abuse his authority before. In fact, Corey would go so far as to call Seth’s “whatever it takes” leadership style manipulative and unethical. Corey would accurately describe Seth as a a. high Mach. b. high extravert. c. low ethos. d. low conscientious. 1 - 1. 21 Page Ref: 17 Topic: Connecting Personality, Communication, and Biology Answer: A The research of Beatty, McCroskey, and their colleagues has produced convincing evidence that our communication behavior is a. largely influenced by genetics. b. largely learned through our nurturing at home. c. equally influenced by nature and nurture. d. largely Machiavellian. 1 - 1. 22 Page Ref: 17 Topic: Connecting Personality, Communication, and Biology Answer: D Neurology, psychology, and communication are related in that a. communication is developed in the brain (psychology) but not in our DNA (neurology). b. communication is the means by which our psychological states are known. c. neurons are fired when we communicate for specific needs. d. personality is the result of specific brain structures that are genetically inherited. 1 - 1. 23 Page Ref: 19 Topic: Assessing Your Interpersonal Communication Motives Answer: D According to Rebecca Rubin, a __________ is something that is lacking in your relationships, and a __________ is a reason for action. a. dearth/motive b. dearth/objective c. need/objective d. need/motive

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 99 1 - 1. 24 Page Ref: 19 Topic: Assessing Your Interpersonal Communication Motives Answer: B Whitney hates to be alone, so she always asks friends into her dorm room to hang out. Clearly, she has a high __________ need to communicate. a. affection b. inclusion c. pleasure d. relaxation 1 - 1. 25 Page Ref: 22 Topic: Assessing Your Interpersonal Communication Motives Answer: C Dylan and Brittany are attracted to one another and are taking a class in interpersonal communication together. When they took Rubin et. al.’s Interpersonal Communication Motives assessment and compared their results, they found that they scored very closely in affection and inclusion, but were at polar opposites in pleasure, escape, and control. What prediction for their relational future can they make from their results? a. Their differences will eventually lead to insurmountable conflict. b. Their similarities will likely lead to boredom. c. Although they may have some conflict, they may find their differences complementary. d. Although their relationship will be fun for awhile, it will likely become tedious and conflict - prone. 1 - 1.2 6 Page Ref: 24 - 25 Topic: Gender and Interpersonal Communication Answer: C Melanie’s communication style is direct, to the point, and goal - oriented. In terms of gender, one would call her communication style a. male. b. female. c. masculine. d. feminine. 1 - 1.2 7 Page Ref: 24 - 25 Topic: Gender and Interpersonal Communication Answer: D Meagan has been elected group leader for a class project. Morgan complains that Meagan takes too long to get to the point, always making sure to consider everyone’s input before making a decision. In terms of gender, one would call Meagan’s communication style a. male. b. female. c. masculine. d. feminine.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 100 1 - 1.2 8 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Culture and Interpersonal Communication Answer: B Many colleges and universities require new students to complete an orientation course in which they are introduced to college lingo, success strategies, dorm and Greek life, and even the school song. These courses are essentially focusing on a. community. b. culture. c. cooperation. d. caretaking. 1 - 1.2 9 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Technology and Interpersonal Communication Answer: A Nicole has had a great day: She had a strong interview for an internship in the afternoon and is now on a dinner date with Timothy, a guy she’s liked for a long time. She expects to receive a call about the internship as early as this evening, but she doesn’t want to appear distracted to Timothy. What advice for using technology would be appropriate for Nicole? a. e xcuse herself before taking the call b. a nswer the call on the first ring and end the conversation quickly c. t ext message the internship director to check on the status d. l ay the phone on the table where both she and Timothy can see it 1 - 1. 30 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Technology and Interpersonal Communication Answer: C Joe knows that his relationship with Lauren is over. He doesn’t want to hurt her feelings, so he sends the following text message: “U R a great girl and deserve better than me. Let’s be friends, OK?” Has Joe communicated effectively? a. No, because he has taken all the blame for the break - up . b. Yes, because he has allowed Lauren to save face . c. No, because he shouldn’t use text messaging to convey important information . d. Yes, because text messaging is part of his and Lauren’s culture .

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 101 1 - 2 True/False Questions 1 - 2.1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: True When you communicate with another person who is physically present, the communication is transactional. 1 - 2.2 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Identifying Nature/Nurture Intersections of Interpersonal Communication Answer: True Although Nicholas is shy by nature, he can learn to communicate effectively and confidently. 1 - 2.3 Page Ref: 8 Topic: Valuing Interpersonal Communication Answer: False Although interpersonal relationships enhance the quality of our personal lives, they are NOT shown to have a positive effect on our physical health. 1 - 2.4 Page Ref: 10 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Creates Meaning on Content and Relational Levels Answer: False Maggie avoids eye contact with Ahmad after turning him down for a date. Her behavior communicates the content level of her message. 1 - 2.5 Page Ref: 11 Topic: Interpersonal Communication is Irreversible and Unrepeatable Answer: False A jury is told to disregard a statement made in court. The jury is likely to erase the statement from their minds.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 102 1 - 2.6 Page Ref: 12 Topic: Personality and Interpersonal Communication Answer: True Our communication is an expression of our personalities. 1 - 2.7 Page Ref: 13 - 15 Topic: Understanding Your Personality Answer: False McCrae and Costa’s Big Five personality model is a tool for people to identify their single personality type from five distinct choices. 1 - 2.8 Page Ref: 1 5 - 1 6 Topic: Understanding Your Personality Answer: True Kendra, a perfectionist who monitors her weight daily, stresses over her grades, and whose moods are unpredictable, is likely to score high in neuroticism. 1 - 2. 9 Page Ref: 18 - 22 Topic: Assessing Your Interpersonal Communication Motives Answer: False In the most satisfying interpersonal relationships, couples score very similarly on Rubin et. al.’s Interpersonal Communication Motives assessment. 1 - 2. 10 Page Ref: 26 Topic: Technology and Interpersonal Communication Answer: False Taylor’s social network status — On vacay with family. Home in a week! — follows your textbook’s guidelines for appropriate use of technology. 1 - 3 Completion (fill - in - the - blank) Questions 1 - 3.1 Page Ref: 5 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: transactional The __________ nature of communication suggests that you cannot not communicate.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 103 1 - 3.2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: : Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: verbal In the interpersonal communication model, __________ messages are the words that we use. 1 - 3.3 Page Ref: 6 Topic: : Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: noise In the interpersonal communication model, a person clicking a pen while taking a test in a quiet room is an example of __________. 1 - 3.4 Page Ref: 6 Topic: : Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: feedback Nodding your head as you listen to a speech is an example of nonverbal __________. 1 - 3.5 Page Ref: 6 Topic: : Defining Interpersonal Communication Answer: context The environment which affects how people communicate is called the __________. 1 - 3.6 Page Ref: 7 Topic: Identifying Nature/Nurture Intersections of Interpersonal Communication Answer: personality One of the unique qualities of this textbook is its focus on how a person’s __________ affects his/her interpersonal communication. 1 - 3.7 Page Ref: 8 Topic: Valuing Interpersonal Communication Answer: physical Data supports that people in committed relationships are less likely to smoke or drink heavily than people who are single, divorced, or widowed. This evidence supports the claim that interpersonal communication enhances the quality of your __________ health.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 104 1 - 3.8 Page Ref: 8 - 9 Topic: Valuing Interpersonal Communication Answer: professional Interpersonal communication skills enhance the quality of your physical health, personal life, and your __________ life. 1 - 3.9 Page Ref: 12 Topic: Personality and Interpersonal Communication Answer: Personality __________ is the total psychological nature of an individual — a profile that reflects experiences, motivations, attitudes, beliefs, values, and behaviors. 1 - 3.10 Page Ref: 14 Topic: Understanding Your Personality Answer: conscientiousness Paige’s desk is neat, her papers and notebooks are organized, and she makes a “to - do” list for each day. Paige’s personality is high __________. 1 - 3.11 Page Ref: 14 Topic: Understanding Your Personality Answer: agreeableness Jaymar is popular because she seems to be interested in others, sympathizes with their feelings, and has a sensitive soul. Jaymar’s personality is high in __________. 1 - 3.12 Page Ref: 19 Topic: Assessing Your Interpersonal Communication Motives Answer: escape Ashley is stressed because she has a ton of reading to do for her psychology class. To avoid her responsibility, she calls Anunn and asks if he wants to hang out in the student center for a while. Ashley is using Anunn to meet her interpersonal communication motive of __________. 1 - 3.13 Page Ref: 24 Topic: Gender and Interpersonal Communication Answer: sex Dakota and David are twins — both born with XY chromosomes. These biological characteristics that make them male are referred to as their __________.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 105 1 - 3.14 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Culture and Interpersonal Communication Answer: co - cultural Blaine and Janna graduated from the same high school, attend the same church, and are both 19 years old. These similarities place them in the same __________ group. 1 - 3.15 Page Ref: 25 Topic: Culture and Interpersonal Communication Answer: intercultural Jessica was homeschooled and is now attending a public university. Suddenly she is meeting people of different faiths, sexual orientations, ethnicities, and nationalities. Jessica is clearly experiencing __________communication. 1 - 4 Essay Questions 1 - 4 .1 Page Ref: 4 - 6 Topic: Opening paragraph/Defining Interpersonal Communication Explain how “Message Sent = Message Received” is NOT always a true equation. Answer: Using communication to create understanding is complex, and sometimes the messages we send are not the messages others receive. The interpersonal communication model portrayed on page 6 shows that the source encodes the message verbally and/or nonverbally, and the receiver decodes or interprets that message. The interpretation can be distorted by physical and/or psychological noise.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 106 1 - 4 .2 Page Ref: 5 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Apply the transactional nature of interpersonal communication to a real or hypothetical situation. Show how the other person contributed to the transaction, and how his/her contributions affected the outcome of the communication. Answer: The answer should clearly define the players in the transaction (two people), and should show how they “use verbal and nonverbal messages to create understanding and influence each other to manage the relationship.” The best answers should show how the messages depend on each other, i.e., how each person influences the communication of the other. Example : I regularly shop at Target. There are two clerks — Linda and Marie — who affect me completely differently when I get in their lines. Linda always smiles, greets me familiarly, asks how I’m doing, engages in a bit of small talk with me, efficiently rings up my sale, and sends me off with, “Thanks for coming in. Take care!” or something similar. I always leave the store with a smile on my face. Marie, on the other hand, has an opposite effect on me. Although she smiles, she looks past me, almost always is in conversation with someone else when she rings up my purchase — and then forgets to cash in my coupons — and half the time doesn’t even thank me for my business. I always try to avoid her and leave in disgust. It’s gotten to the point where I’m not any friendlier to her than she is to me. 1 - 4 .3 Page Ref: 5 - 6 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Define the seven elements of the interpersonal communication model. Answer: 1. Source : the person who encodes the message, in verbal or nonverbal form. 2. Receiver : the person listening to the message and decoding it. 3. Messages : what we communicate with others, either verbally (language) or nonverbally (non - language based messages). 4. Channel : the pathway that messages travel, which usually include our senses (visual/sight, auditory/hearing, tactile/touch, and olfactory/smell). 5. Noise : anything that distorts or interferes with the communication process, whether physical (external sounds) or psychological (internal distractions). 6. Feedback : verbal and nonverbal responses to another person’s messages. 7. Context : the physical (place), historical (time), and psychological (mood) communication environment.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 107 1 - 4 .4 Page Ref: 5 - 6 Topic: Defining Interpersonal Communication Recall your first day in this class. Using the interpersonal communication model, apply the communication that occurred in that class to the seven elements. You may answer in graphic form (draw a model) or in paragraph form. Answer: Answers will vary, but should include all seven elements (source/encoder, receiver/decoder, messages, channel, noise, feedback, and context.) Example : I was nervous (psychological noise) when I walked into the classroom (physical context), so I tried quickly to find a seat and settle in. Soon you (source) passed out the syllabus and began talking about it. I remember you said that the syllabus was our “contract” (you encoded the message with that word), and I (the receiver) decoded that to mean that we would sign it and turn it back to you, so I immediately flipped through the pages to see where we were supposed to sign. You must have noticed this (feedback, and maybe noise) because you asked if there were any questions about what that meant. There were several people who did ask questions (messages), which you answered — and then you asked if you answered the questions clearly. I wonder now if you were noticing confused faces (feedback). 1 - 4 .5 Page Ref: 10 Topic: Interpersonal Communication Creates Meaning on Content and Relational Levels Give an example of the difference between the content and relational levels of interpersonal communication, using dialogue to show your understanding. (Label the content messages and the relational messages in your answer.) Answer: Answers will vary, but must show understanding of the content level as what the message is about, and the relational level as how the message is said. Example : Girlfriend: Oh, I hate my haircut! Boyfriend: I think it looks good. Girlfriend: What do you mean, “It looks good.” Boyfriend: I mean it looks good. Girlfriend: So you hate it. Boyfriend: I said it looks GOOD. Girlfriend: I can tell you hate it. Boyfriend: What are you talking about?! I SAID IT LOOKS GOOD! Girlfriend: But you’re looking at me with that “I hate it” look. Boyfriend: Fine. Don’t listen to a word I say. In this dialogue Girlfriend doesn’t accept Boyfriend’s content level of the message “I think it looks good,” but focuses on the nonverbal relational level (his facial expression). Boyfriend becomes frustrated that she doesn’t accept his content level (“Don’t listen to a word I say.”)

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 108

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 109 Chapter 2 Test Bank 2 - 1 Multiple Choice Questions 2 - 1.1 Page Ref: 32 Topic: Understanding the Self Answer: B The sum total of a person’s knowledge and understanding of his or her self is termed a. self - esteem. b. self - concept. c. self - image. d. self - monitoring. 2 - 1.2 Page Ref: 32 Topic: Understanding the Self Answer: A Psychologist Morris Rosenberg describes this as a feeling of self - worth and fundamental respect for oneself. a. s elf - esteem b. s elf - concept c. s elf - image d. s elf - monitoring 2 - 1.3 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Self - Concept Answer: D Mary uses __________ when she considers herself smart after she scores the highest grade on her class’s chemistry exam. a. reflected appraisal b. self - monitoring c. peer group influence d. social comparison 2 - 1.4 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Self - Concept Answer: C Justin never thought of himself as a talented public speaker until his college classmates and teacher chose his speeches as the strongest in the class. Justin’s new assessment of his abilities is a result of a. social comparison. b. social construction. c. reflected appraisal. d. peer appraisal. 2 - 1.5 Page Ref: 33 - 34 Topic: Self - Concept Answer: C Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of self - concept? a. Self - concept is learned . b. Self - concept is multifaceted . c. Self - concept is genetically based . d. Self - concept is socially constructed .

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 110 2 - 1.6 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Self - Esteem Answer: D Billie’s disgust at his skinny legs is a reflect ion of his a. cognitive self - esteem. b. personal self - esteem. c. social self - esteem. d. physical self - esteem. 2 - 1.7 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Self - Esteem Answer: B Which of the following statements is a TRUE depiction of the influence of nature and nurture on one’s self - esteem? a. Researchers have found that almost 26 percent of self - esteem is based on nature, whereas 74 percent is based on nurture . b. Researchers have found that almost 52 percent of self - esteem is based on nature, whereas 48 percent is based on nurture . c. Researchers have found that almost 80 percent of self - esteem is based on nature, whereas 20 percent is based on nurture . d. Researchers have found that almost 48 percent of self - esteem is based on nature, whereas 52 percent is based on nurture . 2 - 1. 8 Page Ref: 36 - 37 Topic: Self - concept and Self - esteem Affect Your Communication Answer: B Amanda enrolls in an anthropology class with Brandon. Whereas Amanda anticipates that the subject matter will be interesting, Brandon expects that it will be stupid and totally worthless for his major. When they’re asked what they learned at the end of the term, Amanda goes into great detail about the ancient cultures and civilizations she encountered in her studies, while Brandon says, “Not much.” Sociologist Robert Merton would attribute their differing experiences to a. social self - esteem. b. self - fulfilling prophecy. c. self - monitoring. d. reflected appraisal. 2 - 1. 9 Page Ref: 37 Topic: Self - concept and Self - esteem Affect Your Communication Answer: C When parents and teachers affect self - esteem by setting standards for their children and students, they are establishing a. self - expectations. b. peer influences. c. other - expectations. d. supportive relationships.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 111 2 - 1.1 0 Page Ref: 37 - 38 Topic: Self - concept and Self - esteem Affect Your Communication Answer: A Holly and Joe work together at the local movie theater. Holly thinks Joe’s quirks and shyness are endearing and loves to work beside him. How is Joe, who has low self - esteem, likely to interpret Holly’s friendliness? a. “She’s just being nice because she feels sorry for me . ” b. “Someone finally appreciates me for who I am . ” c. “She’s OK, but I could do better . ” d. He wouldn’t even notice Holly . 2 - 1.1 1 Page Ref: 3 9 Topic: Enhancing your Self - esteem and Self - concept Answer: C Leo knows that his low self - esteem has negatively affected his life. He is now determined to enhance his self - esteem through by learning to play the guitar. This is an example of using the strategy of a. developing Plan B. b. developing hidden talents. c. developing new competencies. d. developing rational beliefs. 2 - 1. 12 Page Ref: 39 Topic: Enhancing Your Self - Concept and Self - esteem Answer: A Cameron was a high school star: top athlete, top scholar, popular with classmates and teachers alike. Since coming to college, however, he has struggled with his self - esteem. He isn’t on a sports team, is as anonymous as most of the other freshmen, and finds his classes much harder than his high school curriculum. Cameron’s parents advise him to stop putting so much pressure on himself to be perfect and to give himself time to adjust to the realities of college. Their advice follows the strategy of a. developing realistic expectations. b. developing new competencies. c. developing rational beliefs. d. developing Plan B. 2 - 1.1 3 Page Ref: 40 - 41 Topic: Enhancing your Self - esteem and Self - concept Answer: D The process of replacing debilitating irrational beliefs with empowering rational beliefs is called a. identity management. b. emotive therapy. c. self - reflection. d. cognitive restructuring.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 112 2 - 1.14 Page Ref: 42 Topic: Understanding Communication Traits Answer: A Samantha is talkative, while Annmarie is quiet. These are examples of their a. communication traits. b. communication setbacks. c. personality types. d. intercultural rules. 2 - 1.15 Page Ref: 44 Topic: Communication Apprehension Answer: C Research suggests that __________ Americans experience an abnormally high level of communication apprehension. a. 80 percent b. 5 percent c. 20 percent d. 50 percent 2 - 1.16 Page Ref: 44 Topic: Nature/Nurture Intersections Answer: B The research of Dr. Carl Schwartz of Harvard Medical School found that a. women are shyer overall than men. b. a part of shyness is related to brain activity. c. increased physical exercise leads to a decrease in shyness. d. no link exists between communication apprehension and brain activity. 2 - 1.17 Page Ref: 44 - 45 Topic: Communication Apprehension Answer: D Joshua tends to make excuses for not attending parties. He has also been told that he is frustrating to converse with because he tends to dominate conversations. Joshua is likely to a. experience conflicting levels of communication apprehension. b. experience moderate levels of communication apprehension. c. experience low levels of communication apprehension. d. experience high levels of communication apprehension. 2 - 1.1 8 Page Ref: 45 Topic: What Can I Do Now? Answer: C Which of the following is NOT suggested as a treatment for high communication apprehension? a. m edication b. t aking an interpersonal communication class c. j umping into anxiety - provoking situations d. v isualization

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 113 2 - 1.1 9 Page Ref: 46 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: B McCroskey and Richmond’s Socio - Communicative Orientation Assessment measures one’s social signature according to which two communication factors? a. a ggressiveness/ d ominance b. a ssertiveness/ r esponsiveness c. a ssertiveness/ a ggression d. a ggression/ r esponsiveness 2 - 1.20 Page Ref: 48 – 49 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: C The four social styles are a. aggressive, amiable, driver, responsive. b. analytical, compassionate, driver, responsive. c. amiable, analytical, driver, expressive. d. authentic, compassionate, expressive, sensual. 2 - 1.21 Page Ref: 48 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: B Leslea is a very supportive and respectful young woman who can always be counted on to lend an ear to a friend who needs relationship help. Leslea’s social style is a. aggressive. b. amiable. c. driver. d. giver. 2 - 1.22 Page Ref: 48 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: B Demetre is a future engineer who is quiet, serious, and usually withdrawn in interpersonal relationships. His professors admire his persistence in his technical courses and call him “industrious.” Demetre’s social style is a. amiable. b. analytical. c. driver. d. expressive. 2 - 1.23 Page Ref: 49 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: C While Jamie’s parents describe her as “strong - willed” and “decisive,” she can be perceived by others as pushy, severe, and controlling. Jamie’s social style is a. analytical. b. compassionate. c. driver. d. expressive.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 114 2 - 1.24 Page Ref: 49 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: C Brenna has asked Professor Radcliffe to recommend her for an internship at MTV. Professor Radcliffe’s letter includes this sentence: “Brenna is ambitious, enthusiastic, stimulating, and friendly.” Brenna’s social style is a. authentic. b. compassionate. c. expressive. d. sensual. 2 - 1.25 Page Ref: 51 Topic: Managing Your Identity Answer: A Devon is setting up her Facebook profile. She knows that family members, teachers, and potential employers may wish to access her page, so she takes care to choose a profile picture which is conservative, but attractive, and describes herself in mostly generic terms. Devon i s participating in a. identity management. b. self - management. c. identity control. d. social self - control. 2 - 1.26 Page Ref: 52 - 53 Topic: Identity Management Influences Answer: D Psychologist Marc Snyder refers to this type of person as “one who, out of concern for social appropriateness, is particularly sensitive to the expression and self - presentation of others in social situations;” this person then uses those clues to guide his or her own self - presentation. a. s elf - sensitive b. s elf - aware c. s elf - conscious d. s elf - monitor 2 - 1.27 Page Ref: 53 Topic: Identity Management Influences Answer: B At Raisah’s graduation party, she made sure to mingle with all of her guests to help them feel comfortable and appreciated. Raisah is a a. high self - conscious. b. high self - monitor. c. low self - conscious. d. low self - monitor. 2 - 1.28 Page Ref: 53 Topic: Identity Management Influences Answer: D Those who pay more attention to their own moods than others’ in a social situation are a. high self - awares. b. high self - monitors. c. low self - awares. d. low self - monitors.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 115 2 - 1.29 Page Ref: 54 Topic: Identity Management Strategies Answer: C David and Jeff have been in a committed relationship for over 20 years. While Jeff is open about their relationship with his family, David has never admitted to his parents that he and Jeff are in fact a gay couple. Yet, his parents have visited David and Jeff’s one - bedroom apartment dozens of times and know that they are “roommates.” In terms of managing his identity with his parents, David is a. passing. b. covering. c. implicitly out. d. explicitly out. 2 - 1.30 Page Ref: 56 Topic: Identity Management Strategies Answer: A Micah helped his mother set up a Facebook account so she could easily connect with her extended family. When she starts amassing friend requests, she asks Micah why people she barely knows would want to be in her network. Micah explains that they are actually increasing her a. social capital. b. network capital. c. identity needs. d. social contact needs. 2 - 2 True/False Questions 2 - 2.1 Page Ref: 32 Topic: Understanding the Self Answer: False Self - concept and self - esteem are defined the same way. 2 - 2.2 Page Ref: 32 Topic: Understanding the Self Answer: True “I am tall, smart, and athletic” is a statement of one’s self - concept. 2 - 2.3 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Self - Concept Answer: True Saying, “I can do this” when confronted with a difficult task shows a high degree of self - efficacy.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 116 2 - 2.4 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Self - Concept Answer: False Research suggests that we interact with people we consider inferior to us when we need motivation to excel and with people we consider superior to us when we need to feel good about ourselves. 2 - 2.5 Page Ref: 34 Topic: Self - Concept Answer: True Bullying and name - calling can affect a person’s self - concept. 2 - 2.6 Page Ref: 35 Topic: Self - Esteem Answer: False Overall, men have slightly higher self - esteem than women do. 2 - 2.7 Page Ref: 36 Topic: Self - Esteem Answer: True Trevor blames his low cognitive self - esteem on two teachers he had in elementary school who placed him in the “dumb” reading and math groups. Research suggests that Trevor is justified in his opinion. 2 - 2.8 Page Ref: 36 Topic: Self - concept and Self - esteem Affect Your Communication Answer: True Katelyn auditioned for the college musical but was not cast. She questions the director’s decision, telling him that she was clearly the better singer than Cherish, who won the role. Katelyn’s perception of her abilities may be out of sync with her actual abilities. 2 - 2.9 Page Ref: 42 - 45 Topic: Communication Apprehension Answer: False Cody has a high level of communication apprehension. Therefore, he must choose a major where communication with others is not required. 2 - 2.10 Page Ref: 52 - 53 Topic: Identity Management Influences Answer: False Low self - monitors are apt to act like they’re having fun even when they’re not.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 117 2 - 3 Completion (fill - in - the - blank) Questions 2 - 3.1 Page Ref: 32 Topic: Understanding the Self Answer: self - concept For most people, there__________ is a mixture of their morals, feelings about their material possessions, and careers. 2 - 3.2 Page Ref: 32 Topic: Understanding the Self Answer: self - concept/self - esteem Whereas your __________ is descriptive, your __________ is evaluative. 2 - 3.3 Page Ref: 33 Topic: Self - concept Answer: self - efficacy The personal assessment of our abilities to perform in a certain manner and the ability to reach our goals is called __________. 2 - 3.4 Page Ref: 35 - 36 Topic: Self - esteem Answer: self - esteem Lowered __________ is the result of negative interpersonal experiences with friends and neglect from parents. 2 - 3.5 Page Ref: 36 Topic: Self - concept and Self - esteem Affect Your Communication Answer: self - fulfilling prophecy Chelsey believes that she will graduate with honors due to her innate intelligence and willingness to work hard. Chelsey’s prediction is a __________. 2 - 3.6 Page Ref: 41 Topic: Enhancing Your Self - concept and Self - esteem Answer: setback Sadaf vowed to exercise five days per week to improve her muscle tone. However, during ‘ finals ’ week she found herself so busy that she exercised only once. Sadaf has experienced a __________.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 118 2 - 3.7 Page Ref: 42 Topic: Communication Apprehension Answer: communication apprehension. Stage fright is more scientifically called __________. 2 - 3.8 Page Ref: 42 Topic: Understanding Communication Traits Answer: Communication traits __________ are enduring consistencies and differences in message - sending and message - receiving behaviors among individuals. 2 - 3.9 Page Ref: 44 Topic: Does Your Brain Make You Shy? Answer: amygdala The portion of the brain that controls emotions is the __________. 2 - 3.10 Page Ref: 44 Topic: Communication Apprehension Answer: high Edmund experiences fear when communicating with others at social events, in meetings, and most acutely in public presentations. Edmund would score __________ in communication apprehension. 2 - 3.11 Page Ref: 48 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: assertiveness Chris is not shy about making requests or disagreeing with others. Chris displays high __________. 2 - 3.12 Page Ref: 48 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Answer: responsiveness Lisa has a talent for listening to others and making them feel comfortable. Lisa displays high __________. 2 - 3.13 Page Ref: 51 Topic: Identity Management Characteristics Answer: public identity Although Chasidy is nervous about her job interview, she puts on a brave face, makes direct eye contact, and shakes her potential employer’s hand firmly. Chasidy is managing her __________.

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 119 2 - 3.14 Page Ref: 52 Topic: Identity Management Characteristics Answer: principled People who endorse a __________ self believe that people should be who they truly are in all situations and should not manage their identities to fit in. 2 - 3.15 Page Ref: 52 Topic: Identity Management Characteristics Answer: pragmatic Britt is meeting Sarah’s parents for the first time. Because he endorses a __________ self, he plans to manage his identity in such a way as not to offend them. 2 - 4 Essay Questions 2 - 4 . 1 Page Ref: 32 - 38 Topic: Understanding the Self Describe how self - concept and self - esteem are different. Answer: Answers should reflect an understanding of self - concept as “the sum total of a person’s knowledge and understanding of his or her self”, and of self - esteem as “a person’s overall self - appraisal of his or her worth.” Put simply, self - concept is who we think we are, and self - esteem is how much we value that person. This difference may explain why people who seem to have desirable characteristics (i. e., talented singer, lots of money) can still have low self - esteem (i. e., “I’d rather be handsome and well - liked.”). 2 - 4 . 2 Page Ref: 38 - 41 Topic: Enhancing Your Self - concept and Self - esteem List and briefly explain the five ways in which a person can maximize his or her self - concept and self - esteem. Answer: 1. Develop supporti ve relationships : Since other people influence our ideas of who we are and how we value ourselves, choosing relationships which are constructive will develop our identities in a positive way. 2. Develop realistic expectations : Knowing your strengths and limitations can help you strive for achievable goals, which in turn enhances our positive feelings about ourselves. 3. Develop new competencies : Encountering new experiences and developing new proficiencies expands our horizons and makes us feel productive. 4. Develop rational beliefs : Being in the habit of thinking irrationally leads to exaggerated fears and feelings of failure. Cognitive restructuring asks us to think differently and replace negative thoughts with positive ones. 5. Develop Plan B: Everyone naturally experiences setbacks as we progress through life. Having an alternative plan allows us to move forward when we face these roadblocks.

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    Instructor’s Manual and Test Bank 120 2 - 4 .3 Page Ref: 45 Topic: What Can I Do Now? George has scored high in communication apprehension on the PRCA - 24. Construct a plan that can help him deal with his high communication apprehension right away. Answer: Answers should reflect a majority of the five points listed in the text box on page 45: 1. George can avoid the triggers that activate his communication apprehension , such as unfamiliar situations or times when he’s in the spotlight. 2. George can make sure that his personality, communication, and environment are in sync by removing himself from situations that require excessive amounts of communication. (Note: These first two suggestions are quite alike and may be combined.) 3. George can get skills training in communication . Since communication behaviors can be learned, taking public speaking, interpersonal communication, or any number of other communication courses can help him build competence and confidence. 4. George can remember to visualize success . He can learn visualization techniques that help him to place himself mentally in the situations he fears while he imagines his success interacting in that situation — kind of a mental dress rehearsal. 5. George can seek out professional assistance . If his apprehension is debilitating, a medical professional can evaluate whether counseling and/or anti - anxiety medications are needed. 2 - 4 .4 Page Ref: 46 - 49 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Now that you have taken Richmond and McCroskey’s Socio - Communicative Orientation assessment, evaluate your results to explain your social style. Answer: Answers will vary widely but must reflect the respondent’s results on the Assertiveness/Responsiveness Matrix shown on page 47. Although the respondent may fall on the line between any of the four social styles, the response must show a clear understanding of the characteristics of at least one of the styles and how the characteristics apply to him or her: 1. Amiable : Score high on responsiveness and low on assertiveness and are considered relationship specialists. They are supportive and helpful with others and described as conforming, unsure, pliable, dependent, awkward, respectful, willing, dependable, and agreeable. They often work in helping professions such as teaching, human resources, social work, and psychology. 2. Analytical : Score low on responsiveness and low on assertiveness and are considered technical specialists. They are often withdrawn and quiet and described as critical, indecisive, stuffy, picky, moralistic, industrious, persistent, serious, exacting , and orderly. They often work in professions such as science, engineering, construction, accounting, and certain aspects of law. 3. Driver : Score low on responsiveness and high on assertiveness and are considered control specialists. They often take responsibility and direct other and are described as pushy, severe, tough, dominating, harsh, strong - willed, independent, practical,

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    Your Interpersonal Communication , First Edition 121 decisive, and efficient. They often work in management professions such as small - business ownership, top management, production management, administrative personnel, and politics. 4. Expressive : Score high on responsiveness and high on assertiveness and are considered social specialists. They know how to use their communication skills, like attention, and are described as competent, excitable, versatile, reacting, ambitious, stimulating, enthusiastic, dramatic, and friendly. They often work in professions such as sales, entertainment, advertising, art, music, and writing. 2 - 4 .5 Page Ref: 48 - 50 Topic: Socio - communicative Orientation Fletcher is a driver, and his new roommate, Andrew, is an amiable. Predict the dynamics of their relationship; will there be conflict? Harmony? How can they successfully relate to one another? Answer: Answers will vary, but should reflect an understanding of the two styles: 1. Amiable (Andrew): Score high on responsiveness and low on assertiveness and are considered relationship specialists. They are supportive and helpful with others and described as conforming, unsure, pliable, dependent, awkward, respectful, willing, dependable, and agreeable. They often work in helping professions such as teaching, human resources, social work, and psychology. 2. Driver (Fletcher): Score low on responsiveness and high on assertiveness and are considered control specialists. They often take responsibility and direct other and are described as pushy, severe, tough, dominating, harsh, strong - willed, independent, practical, decisive, and efficient. They often work in management professions such as small - business ownership, top management, production management, administrative personnel, and politics. There is much potential for conflict and harmony in this relationship, as the two styles are completely opposite and can be complementary. Fletcher will be comfortable making decisions, while Andrew will be comfortable allowing Fletcher to make them. To increase their harmony Andrew should let Fletcher know what he needs and desires, ask for help when he needs it, and learn to say no when he wishes to. Fletcher can refrain from taking advantage of Andrew’s good nature, listen more and talk less, and pay attention to Andrew’s feelings. Andrew can also be more direct and quick - acting in his communication with Fletcher.

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