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Test Bank for Early Childhood Education Today , 14th Edition

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    1 Early Childhood Education Today, 14e (Morrison) Chapter 1 You and Early Childhood Education: What Does It Mean to Be a Professional? 1.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Early childhood professionals teach children ________. A) Birth to 10 years of age B) Birth to 8 years of age C) 2 years to kindergarten D) Pre-kindergarten and kindergarten Answer: B 2) The fact that young children are extremely capable and naturally eager to learn has been proven through ________. A) Scientific knowledge B) Mathematical knowledge C) Literary knowledge D) Theoretical knowledge Answer: A 3) Michael was a kindergarten teacher ten years ago. He is now returning to the field. Michael has always been aware of and understood the National Association for the Education of young Children's standards for professional development, but today, he learned that he must also be aware of the standards from the Division of Early Childhood of the Council for Exceptional Children. These standards apply to Michael because he will be ________. A) Monitored by special education B) Teaching children in a second language C) Teaching in an inclusive classroom D) Certified in special education Answer: C 4) The field of early childhood is changing rapidly due to the following factors EXCEPT ________. A) An increase in scientific knowledge about children B) Recent developments in research-based programs and curricula C) Increased enrollment in early childhood programs D) Pay increases and bonuses for early childhood educators Answer: D 5) Knowledge of individual children, knowledge of children's culture, and knowledge of child development is known as ________. A) Developmentally Appropriate Practice B) Early Childhood Guidelines C) Developmentally Accurate Practice D) Early Childhood Standards Answer: A

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    2 6) Polly is a preschool teacher and understands that one of her most important responsibilities as an early childhood professional is assessment. What two forms of assessment should Polly use in her classroom in ongoing and systematic ways? A) Standards and norms B) Observation and documentation C) Norm-referenced and dictation D) Checklists and tables Answer: B 7) Which term refers to the teaching skills teachers need to help all children learn content knowledge? A) Pedagogical knowledge B) Content area instruction C) Pedagogical content knowledge D) Developmentally appropriate knowledge Answer: C 8) When teachers actively engage in thinking before, during, and after teaching to make instructional and assessment decisions is known as ________. A) Reflective practice B) Professional learning communities C) Developmental teaching cycle D) Inclusionary practice Answer: A 9) According to the Morrison text, the most important disposition is ________. A) Patience B) Determination C) Caring D) Fairness Answer: C 10) Knowing what you believe about children, your feelings about appropriate or inappropriate learning environments, what you think are the purposes of education, how you view the teacher's role, and what you think you should know and be able to do should be part of your ________. A) School mission statement B) Curriculum plan C) Philosophy of education D) Code of education ethics Answer: C

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    3 11) Research has shown that students benefit when teachers develop more in-depth understanding of the following EXCEPT ________. A) How to differentiate instruction B) How to correctly calculate test scores C) How to use formative assessments D) How to teach in different content areas Answer: B 12) This is an approach to education that ensures that all young children have opportunities to play and learn together in a variety of settings. A) Inclusion B) Special education C) Special supports D) Active accommodations Answer: A 13) This assessment tool is one of the main means for gathering information about young children. A) Testing B) Observation C) Rubrics D) Screenings Answer: B 14) This NAEYC standard provides guidelines for becoming a professional. A) Standard 4 B) Standard 2 C) Standard 3 D) Standard 6 Answer: D 15) About ________ percent of all children in public schools have a disability of some kind. A) 40 B) 35 C) 13 D) 5 Answer: C 16) Early childhood standards for practice are determined by ________. A) AYCE B) NAEYC C) ECDAP D) NACE Answer: B

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    4 17) The code of ethics for the field of early childhood education was developed by which professional organization? A) Early Childhood Development Council B) National Association for the Education of Young Children C) International Reading Association D) Child Development Credentialing Association Answer: B 18) Dr. Thomas is the principal at Crest Early Childhood Center. She has worked hard to establish a professional learning community at her school. Professional learning communities are designed to do which of the following? A) Attract the best teachers because it is a socially rewarding and stimulating environment. B) Follow the letter of the law in early childhood education practices. C) Increase student achievement by creating a school culture focused on learning. D) Implement brain based research practices and problem solving. Answer: C 1.2 Essay/Discussion Questions 1) List each component of DAP. Provide examples of how we would see examples of each in a high quality classroom. Answer: DAP is teaching that addresses each child grows and develops on an individual and cultural basis. It asks that professionals know how children grow and develop, the individual needs of children, and the cultural aspects of the child. Several important things that all teachers need to do is observe children, create inclusive environments, connect with families, use assessment wisely and fairly, and to be lifelong learners. 2) Discuss inclusion. Why do early childhood educators need to know of this concept? What should they do to prepare for this? What role will assessment play in inclusionary practices? Answer: Inclusion means that children with and without disabilities learn and work together in the regular classroom. Teachers need to know this because classrooms are more diverse than ever and children have diverse needs. Assessment must be used to guide decision making for all learners.

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    1 Early Childhood Education Today, 14e (Morrison) Chapter 2 Current Issues and Public Policy: Contemporary Influences on Children and Families 2.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) Currently, the federal poverty level is ________ for a family of four. A) $32,000 B) $40,000 C) $24,000 D) $18,000 Answer: C 2) Children whose parents are unemployed are at an increased risk for experiencing all of the following EXCEPT ________. A) Poverty B) Homelessness C) Child abuse D) Cultural diversity Answer: D 3) Socioeconomic status (SES) consists of three interrelated measures: ________. A) Parents' education levels, parents' employment status, and family income B) Family income, ethnic origin, and literacy skills C) Parents' education levels, cultural backgrounds, and frequency of school visits D) Ethnic origins, location of residence, and ability to speak English Answer: A 4) Funding for schools is determined by ________. A) School fund raisers and property taxes B) Standardized test results and property taxes C) The number of minorities in schools and standardized test results D) The percentage of children living in poverty and property taxes Answer: D 5) Kendra and Jaime have a family with two girls. They are well-read parents and are very concerned about the gender achievement gap. Tonight they are attending the school/family meeting to find out how the school is handling this situation. All of the following statements are true about the gender achievement gap EXCEPT which one? A) There is a high participation gap in math and science subjects between the genders. B) The gender achievement gap has created a shortage of girls in STEM-related classes. C) The family income level is the most important issue in gender related issues. D) There is a belief that science, math, and athletic based classes are considered to be "masculine" subjects. Answer: C

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    2 6) Amanda and Toni chose not to get married, but are living together as life partners. They are raising Toni's two children from a previous marriage. This scenario is a description of how families are changing in ________. A) Roles B) Definitions C) Logistics D) Structure Answer: D 7) Many hospitals and community colleges are providing courses and seminars to support fathers in preparing them for the joys and responsibilities of fathering. They are doing this because ________. A) Many men feel unprepared for fatherhood B) Court cases are proving the significance of fatherhood C) It is the 21st Century award requirement D) Fathers are the head of most middle class families Answer: A 8) ________ is the most prevalent chronic disease in children and adults. A) Asthma B) Allergic reactions C) Lead poisoning D) Dental caries Answer: A 9) Teachers can reduce the effects of asthma in the classroom by doing the following EXCEPT ________. A) Reducing or eliminating carpeting B) Use fragrant air fresheners daily C) Wipe down all classroom surfaces daily D) Regularly change air conditioner filters Answer: B 10) Exposure to ________ can lead to low IQs, short attention spans, hyperactivity, learning disabilities, and behavioral problems. A) Lead B) Mold C) Allergens D) Cleaning fluids Answer: A

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    3 11) Toys, furniture, and products manufactured overseas may contain ________ and need to be checked before use by children. A) Mercury B) Ammonia C) Hydroxy acids D) Lead Answer: D 12) The belief that one particular race is better than or superior to others is known as ________. A) Supremacy B) Bullying C) Racism D) Cultural hierarchy Answer: C 13) Longview elementary school uses the "talk, walk, and squawk" method to prevent bullying. In this method, children are taught to do the following when confronted by a bully. A) Shout out a signal and walk to the nearest teacher and tell him/her to get adult support. B) Walk in groups, talk to each other, and shout out a warning signal if bullying occurs. C) Verbally stand up for themselves, walk away-but do not run as it might intensify the bullying- and to tell a teacher. D) Talk calmly to the bully using short phrases, walk away and if necessary run to safety, and write an incident report. Answer: B 14) Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 addresses ________. A) Giving equal opportunities to boys and girls B) Reducing childhood obesity C) Federal assessment guidelines D) Guidelines for students with disabilities Answer: A 15) Mrs. Jones has noticed a student acting oddly and is concerned. He seems afraid, has had odd bruises, and does not want to go home after school. Mrs. Jones shared this information with the principal and he said he would "take care of it." Mrs. Jones should ________. A) Report to Child Protective Services B) Respect her principal's wishes but monitor the child's behavior C) Continue to investigate by questioning the student and taking photos of injuries D) Go to the parents to share her concerns Answer: A

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    4 16) Elizabeth does not like a girl in her class so she went on Facebook and posted that she was a trashy pig and a thief. This action is ________. A) Typical for children today B) Of no concern to the school C) Blogging D) Cyberbullying Answer: D 17) In addition to the guidelines for teaching children with special needs set by NAEYC, educators should also consult guidelines from ________. A) Division of Early Childhood and the Council for Exceptional Children B) No Child Left Behind C) Public Law 93-247 D) Children with Disabilities Council and Inclusion Council Answer: A 18) Today in America the New Majority Minorities are primarily ________. A) Hispanic and Canadian B) Latino and Hispanic C) Hispanic and Asian D) Latino and Eurasian Answer: B 19) Supporting ELLs in the classroom might be best accomplished by ________. A) Providing stickers or treats for good behavior B) Making sure they are seated close to the other ELLs C) Utilizing cooperative learning groups D) Making sure they speak English while in school Answer: C 2.2 Essay/Discussion Questions 1) What kinds of actions could you take to help children eat healthier foods and engage in a healthier lifestyle? How would you involve parents? Answer: • Provide parents with information about nutrition • Encourage children to eat breakfast, and encourage parents to provide breakfast for their children • Counsel parents to pull the plug on television • Cook with children and talk about foods and their nutritional value • Integrate literacy and nutritional activities • Provide opportunities for physical exercise every day

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    5 2) What are specific ways you can design classroom conditions to meet the needs of children with special needs? Answer: • Create a classroom schedule • Create routines • Have a curriculum that is appropriate for everyone • Develop classroom management skills • Use different types of grouping • Arrange the environment for interaction and inclusion • Establish rules • Develop transitions with verbal and nonverbal cues

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    1 Early Childhood Education Today, 14e (Morrison) Chapter 3 Observation and Assessment for Teaching and Learning: Effective Teaching through Appropriate Evaluation 3.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) This assessment is the ongoing process of gathering data on students over the year as well as checking for understanding along the way and guiding decision making. A) Formative assessment B) Summative assessment C) Performance-based assessment D) Authentic assessment Answer: A 2) This assessment tool is a performance and scoring guide that differentiates among levels of performance. A) Checklist B) Rating scales C) Running records D) Rubrics Answer: D 3) Teachers should use assessment for the following purposes EXCEPT ________. A) Labeling a child's disabilities B) Providing information for families about their children's progress C) Determining the appropriate placement for children D) To inform lesson and activity plans and establish goals Answer: A 4) ________ is evaluation of children's learning and the instructional activities in which they are involved. A) Informal screening B) Formative assessment C) Authentic assessment D) Summative assessment Answer: C 5) Mrs. Sanchez is having her ELL students play the game "Pronoun Jeopardy" at the end of her unit on the use of pronouns. These students are not only having fun, but Mrs. Sanchez is able to use the results of this assessment activity to plan for areas of student improvement. This type of assessment is ________. A) Performance-based B) Standardized C) Norm-referenced D) Formal assessment Answer: A

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    2 6) The process of gathering data on students as a part of the instructional process to inform what instructional adjustments are needed is known as ________. A) Authentic assessment B) Dynamic assessment C) Formative assessment D) Summative assessment Answer: C 7) Guidelines for using authentic assessment include all below EXCEPT ________. A) Provide ongoing assessment over the entire year B) Detailing what each child cannot do yet C) Involve children and parents in a collaborative process D) Learn about the whole child Answer: B 8) Mr. Cane is reviewing his observations, checklists, and student portfolios. He needs to make some decisions for his small group student placements for next week's lessons. Mr. Cane is using which type of assessment? A) Formal screening B) Standardized C) Norm-referenced D) Informal-authentic Answer: D 9) A detailed narrative of a child's behavior that focuses on a sequence of events that occur over a period of time is a/an ________. A) Anecdotal record B) Running record C) Event sampling D) Rating scale Answer: B 10) Mrs. Norman systematically monitors Karen for a week during the 45 minutes of math. She is careful to document the time and nature of the ABCs. The A in the term ABC observation system stands for which of the following? A) Action B) Antecedent C) Activity D) Analysis Answer: B

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    3 11) Ms. Alison has noted that Douglas seems more aggressive during center time. She has noted the aggressive behavior as hitting, yelling, pushing, and taking things from other children. She needs to confirm her thoughts and determine the frequency these things occur. Which of the following assessment strategies would work best for this? A) Time sampling B) Event tallies C) ABA sampling D) Checklist Answer: A 12) This evaluation tool provides scales or ranges of performance, with a list of descriptors, for a set of behaviors or goals. A) Checklists B) Portfolios C) Anecdotal records D) Rating scales Answer: D 13) Rhonda has heard that rubrics can be a very effective way to not only assess student work in the classroom but to challenge students to higher levels of achievement. In studying more about creating rubrics, she learned that rubrics are most effective if all the following criteria are followed EXCEPT which one? A) Encourage children to revise their work according to the rubric assessment. B) Provide children with models or examples of each level of work. C) Give children opportunities to contribute to the rubric criteria. D) Use two levels of performance: below grade level and on grade level. Answer: D 14) Screenings are used for the following EXCEPT ________. A) To make initial decisions about placements B) To make decisions about instructional levels and grouping C) To make referrals to other programs or agencies D) To make diagnoses of children's disabilities Answer: D 15) Mr. Phillips has planned and conducted an observation using notes and checklists on several children in his classroom. Next, he will need to do the following step in the process. A) Implement a plan B) Meet with the family C) Use this information to complete report cards D) Interpret the data Answer: D

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    4 16) IDEA mandated that assessment and evaluation for children with special needs s fair and equitable for all children, and teachers must adhere to these guidelines EXCEPT ________. A) Be administered in the child's native language or other mode of communication B) Be used as the only basis for special education eligibility C) Be validated for the purpose for which they are being used D) Be administered by trained personnel in conformance with instructions from the test publisher Answer: B 17) In addition to language barriers, unrealistic expectations on assessments, and poor alignment with standards, ELs may also experience challenges with achievement due to ________. A) Intelligence or cognition B) Pro-social skills C) Ethnic origins D) Cultural differences Answer: D 18) ELs' academic performance is below that of their peers. In addition to this they ________. A) Have excessively high dropout rates B) Do not receive differentiated instruction C) Avoid testing given in their primary language D) Have chronic health problems Answer: A 3.2 Essay/Discussion Questions 1) Discuss the advantages of using intentional, systematic observation. Cite specific reasons (3- 4) from the text. Answer: • Enables teachers to collect information they might not gather through other sources • Is ideally suited to learning more about children in play settings • Reveals a lot about children's prosocial behavior and peer interactions • Is a useful accompaniment to other assessments for children who may not typically respond • Provides a basis for assessment of what children are developmentally able to do • Is useful to assess children's performance over time • Provides concrete information for use in reporting to and conferencing with parents

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    5 2) Lillian's principal as asked her to incorporate more technology in her assessments for her second grade classroom. What would you tell her about the benefits of pursuing this goal? Use specific information from the chapter in your response. Answer: • More accurate assessment results • Less time spent preparing materials for assessment • Less time spent administering the actual assessment, which results in more time devoted to teaching in the classroom • More cost-effective • More flexibility to choose the appropriate setting for the assessment • Immediate feedback • Results are easy to interpret and share with administrators and parents • Results enable teachers to differentiate instruction with greater ease

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    1 Early Childhood Education Today, 14e (Morrison) Chapter 4 The Past and the Present: Prologue to the Future 4.1 Multiple Choice Questions 1) ________ founded the kindergarten, or the "Garden of Children" and believed children should have specific materials to learn concepts and skills. A) Montessori B) Rousseau C) Froebel D) Dewey Answer: C 2) The kindergarten movement in the United States was going very well in the beginning; however, over time it suffered some problems because ________. A) It was based solely on children's play B) It was too naturalistic C) It was too expensive for most parents D) It became rigid and teacher centered Answer: C 3) John Amos Comenius wrote the first picture book for children entitled ________. A) Orbis Pictus B) The Great Didactic C) Pictus Comenius D) Golden Senses Answer: A 4) The progressive education movement, child-centered education, and a curriculum based on children's interests are associated with this theorist. A) Dewey B) Pestalozzi C) Locke D) Montessori Answer: A 5) This theorist is responsible for the theory of self-actualization based on needs motivation. A) Erikson B) Piaget C) Dewey D) Maslow Answer: D

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