Test Bank for Social Studies For The Elementary And Middle Grades: A Constructivist Approach, 4th Edition

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Test BankforSocial Studies for the Elementaryand Middle GradesA Constructivist ApproachFourth EditionCynthia Syzmanski SunalUniversity of AlabamaMary Elizabeth HaasWest Viriginia University

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ContentsPrefaceChapter 1: What Is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?1Chapter 2: How Do Students Engage in Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?14Chapter 3: How Are Social Studies Inquiry Skills Learned?23Chapter 4: HowAre Social Studies Concepts and Generalizations Developed?31Chapter 5: How Do Students Develop Citizenship in Democratic and Global Societies?46Chapter 6:What Is Social Studies’ Contribution to Global Education?57Chapter 7: How Do Teachers Use and Manage Social Studies Instructional StrategiesEffectively?65Chapter 8: How Are Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies Units Constructed?72Chapter 9: How Do Teachers Foster Students’ Development asIndividuals and CommunityMembers?80Chapter 10: How Can I Involve All Students in Meaningful Social Studies?92Chapter 11: How Do I Engage Students in Examining History?98Chapter 12: How Do I Engage Students in Interpreting the Earthand Its People ThroughGeography?106Chapter 13: How Do I Engage Students in Making Economic Decisions?115Chapter 14: How Do I Teach Student to Learn ThroughMultiple Assessments and Evaluation?121

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1Chapter 1: What Is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?Objectives1. Describe the characteristics of powerful social studies.2. Explain the model for meaningful social studies instruction.3. Describe participatory citizenship in a democracy.4. Define social studies as an integrated school subject with the goal of promoting civiccompetency.5. Describe a structure for a social studies lesson and unit instruction that gives students greatercontrol of their learning and thinking along the continuum from greater students control togreater teacher control.6.Describe how the structure for social studies instruction demonstrates the use of best practicesby teachers who have social studies pedagogical content knowledge.7. Evaluate a social studies lesson plan by identifying the degree to which it applies socialstudies pedagogical content knowledge.Chapter 1 sets the stage for the studying social studies issues and strategies by consideringquestions such as:• What is social studies?• What are the sources of social studies content?• What are characteristics of social studies teaching?Many students have no memory of studying social studies in the elementary grades and veryoften what memories are present are not favorable. This is one of the times when connecting topersonal memory may not be a motivator for future learning. Therefore, this chapter presentsseveral classroom scenarios and a primary unit, “Making Good Rules,” to illustrate powerfulsocial studies teaching with elementary and middle school students. It is important to havestudents share and discuss their reflections, predictions, and responses to these examples. Helpyour students establish the habit of doing the interactive exercises as they read the text byintegrating their discussion into your classroom instruction. The chapter also includes a shorthistory of the development of social studies, its present definition, and several of the morepopular curriculum sequences used in various states of the United States of America. Thismanual includes two reproducible charts thatcan help focus attention on the characteristics ofpowerful social studies and The NCSS Standards. On the website for Chapter 1 areexpansion/application activities with detailed instructions. These can be used for individual,class, or small-group assignments.Class Activities1. Review several questions from the Time for Reflection: What Do You Think? portions of thetextbook and/or from the Activity to Do in Class.

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IMTB for Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades 4e22. You may wish to use the chart with the statement of the characteristics of powerful socialstudies as a focus for a class discussion or your lecture. Social Studies Teaching and LearningAre Powerful on page 9 of the instructor’s manual.3. You may also want students to consider how a single social studies topic can help to answerquestions related to each of the social studies standards/themes. The exercise on instructor’smanual page 11 provides ideas for doing this. After students or groups complete this sheet, youmight ask the class to share their questions.4. Have students think about the Incorporating the ten themes of the NCSS standards into asocial studies unit and the social studies curriculum K–8. In groups have the students completethe exercise in Incorporating the Ten Themes on page 10 of the instructor’s manual. Discusstheir experiences and some of their questions. Then have each group return to their questions andassign what they believe to be an appropriate grade level for teaching about each of thequestions. As a class, discuss what criteria they might use for selecting the appropriate gradelevels. Link this to the idea of the spiral curriculum and the need to return to a topic for greaterstudy at another time.5. Have pairs of students examine your state’s social studies goals and compare them with thenational standards for one grade level. Use the questions on page 12 of the instructor’s manual asa guide.Test QuestionsMultiple-Choice Questions1. Researchers report that students want social studies instruction to use:A. more reading.B. more group projects.C. fewer simulations.D. less discussion.ANSWER: B2. The content of a powerful social studies lesson is:A. based in history or the social sciences.B. challenging, integrative, and value-based.C. obtainedfrom local resources.D. a set of major concepts everyone in a democracy needs to know.ANSWER: B

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Chapter 1: What is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?33. Social studies has been called “the great connection” by Goodman and Alder (1985) becausethey see social studies functioning as:A. themajor subject in the curriculum to which all other subjects are a subsidiary.B. providing a foundation that is required before studying and learning other subjects.C. the core to which all parts of the elementary and middle school curriculum can be tied.D. a pathway that moves between separate disciplines.ANSWER: C4. Which of the following is a “tool” that assists in an investigation of a social studies question?A. readingB. mathematicsC. languageD. all of the aboveE. none of the aboveANSWER: D5. Among the implications for helping students to construct their own knowledge is:A. students’ collection of evidence through interacting with people, objectives, and educationalmaterials.B. the needfor students to memorize lots of facts about the topic under study.C. discussion of the pictures and diagrams in the textbook.D. a match between the reading level of the textbook and the students.ANSWER: A6. The National Council for the Social Studies has defined powerful social studies as:A. rooted in the factual knowledge of our nation’s history.B. meaningful, integrative, value based, challenging, and active.C. designed to create citizens who support the decisions of their government.D. factual, chronological, and focused on the roles of government leaders.ANSWER: B7. Citizenship is a basic concept in social studies. Citizenship is viewed as:A. voting regularly and showing support for the political party of your choice.B. attending political debates and contributing money to political organizations.C. actively participating in the community and in local and national decision making.D. making one’s community decisions by finding an authority with whom you agree andsupporting the statements proposed by that authority figure.ANSWER: C

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IMTB for Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades 4e48. Social studies is:A. an interdisciplinary approach to learning.B. a subject that connects with language arts but not with science or mathematics.C. the studyof geography and history.D. a discipline focused on current problems.ANSWER: A9. The role elementary and middle school social studies plays in our lives:A. is one of helping youths to memorize important events in the history of our countryand theworld.B. is to help students become familiar with a large set of readings that will be useful to themlater in life.C. is to help students learn to make the same sorts of judgments their family and communitymembers made when faced with an issue.D. is to help youths understand how and why people act as they do and whether particularbehaviors are worthy of adopting.ANSWER: D10. National standards in social studies were described in 1994 under a set of ten themes that:A. are addressed each year from kindergarten through twelfth grade.B. focus on the basic theme of culture and adding a new theme each year as students progressthrough the grade levels.C. are very specific sets of important individuals and events that studentsmust study to beknowledgeable citizens.D. are mostly appropriate when taught in the middle school and not very appropriate for theelementary the grades.ANSWER: A11. Perhaps the most used curriculum pattern in social studies in the last 50 years has been:A. a focus on inquiry into history and the social sciences.B. the expanding environments approach.C. a focus on civic values and participation.D. a focus on character education.ANSWER: B

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Chapter 1: What is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?512. Reports on the kinds of instructional strategies students want to see used in social studieshave indicated that students prefer:A. reading with an opportunity to individually answer questions about that reading.B. frequent research assignments where they can write papers about famous people such asMartin Luther King, Jr. or Jane Adams.C. contests where individual students compete against each other such as a geography bee and a“Who Is This Famous Person?” game.D. group projects and discussions.ANSWER: D13. Which activity described below gives students the greatest control of a lesson?A. Students answer questions the author of the textbook thinks are important to know aboutEngland.B. Students decide which colors and symbols to use when making a map of their state.C. Students make a map of their neighborhood showing the places they think are most importantto include on the map.D. Students look at a group of pictures of England and tell their teacher ten things theyobserved.ANSWER: C14. Pedagogicalcontent knowledge (PCK) is:A. increased through continuous efforts to learn social studies content.B. increased through learning how students learn and respond to social studies content.C. increased through advanced study.D. increased through membership in professional organizations.E. that all of the above increase PCK.ANSWER: E15. PCK is a product of:A. knowledge of social studies content.B. classroom management techniques.C. knowledge of what and how students understand socialstudies.D. all of the above.E. none of the above.ANSWER: D

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IMTB for Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades 4e616. Which of the following are most likely NOT used by teachers to assist them in establishingtheir year’s instructional units?A. A favorite topic they know a lot aboutB. Important celebrations or events that happen in the state or nationC. The scores on student achievement test from last year’s classD. Suggestions from students on what they would like to studyANSWER: D17. Which of the following social studies areas does NCLB legislation identify as social studiesknowledge important to teach?A. Eeconomics, careers, history, and global studiesB. History, government, geography, and economicsC. Government, civics, history, and geographyD. Civics, government, personal development, and historyANSWER: C18. Which of the following is NOT a way in which technology can change the social studiesclass?A. Students expand control over their own learning.B. Students become highly involved in separating opinion from knowledge.C. Students see teachers as having great knowledge about topics being studied.D. Teachers aid students in becoming seekers of information.ANSWER: C19. Which is NOT a sound procedure for teaching social studies?A. Assess students’ performance throughout the lesson.B. Present students with a problem and then teach about the knowledge and skills related to theproblem.C. Teach students an interesting social studies fact about the United States every day.D. As the yearprogresses, withdraw your help in learning and encourage students toindependently approach their social studies learning.ANSWER: CTrue and False Questions20. Teachers must carefully plan and assess lessons in order to provide the experiences thatresultin meaningful learning.ANSWER: TRUE

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Chapter 1: What is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?721. Meaningful social studies learning require a cooperative and supportive classroom climaterather than a restrictive atmosphere based on a fear of failure.ANSWER: TRUE22. Content from the humanities, the arts, and biological and physical sciences contribute to theknowledge base of social studies.ANSWER: TRUE23. As students gather more information through their life experiences, they construct andredefine the patterns they see inthe social world.ANSWER: TRUE24. Students prefer teaching strategies where they listen and review what they have heard inwritten exercises and tests.ANSWER: FALSE25. Social studies questions arise from a child’s natural exploration of the world that begins atbirth.ANSWER: TRUE26. Social studies is a personal construction of the meaning of information interpreted throughthe student’s prior knowledge of the social world.ANSWER: TRUE27. It is through encountering problems that are not easily answered from existing knowledgethat students come to understand new ideas.ANSWER: TRUE28. Students’ conclusions about the world are interpretations based upon their values and thoseof their families and the communitiesin which they live.ANSWER: TRUE29. Being active, participatory citizens requires students to ask questions, determine answersbased upon information, and act to bring about changes in their everyday world.ANSWER: TRUE

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IMTB for Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades 4e830. The problems of the real world in which citizens live and work require thinking aboutinformation in separate categories or subjects just as the school curriculum does.ANSWER: FALSE31. The primary purpose of social studies is to help young people develop the ability to makeinformed and reasoned decisions for the public good as citizens of a culturally diverse,democratic society in an interdependent world.ANSWER: TRUE32. The NCSS Standards clearly state that social studies is not rooted in a single discipline, but ismultidisciplinary in its content.ANSWER: TRUE33. A major goal of social studies instruction is to prepare students for success in history and thesocial sciences when they go to college.ANSWER: FALSEEssay Questions34.Write a social studies question to serve as a lesson or unit title. Give an example of howreading, mathematics, and language can each be used to help students investigate your socialstudies question.35. Explain why the expanding environments approachto a curriculum for social studies is lessappropriate in today’s world than it might have been when it was developed before WWII.36. Review the ten themes of the social studies standards. Identify one theme that, in your view,was not commonly taughtat the elementary and middle school levels 20 years ago. Give yourrationale for this view and explain why this theme should be taught in today’s curriculum.37. Select and identify one of the unit titles below. Indicate the grade for which you wouldrecommend this unit. Then, describe how the study of this topic can incorporate several socialstudies themes and standards. Describe the social studies content you anticipate students will bestudying in this unit and identify the academic disciplines that would be studied in this unit.1. Our State: Its Past and Future2. How Transportation Makes the World Both Better and Worse3. Where Do We Get the Food We Eat?4. How Do People Show They Are Thankful?5. Why Is There a President’s Day?

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Chapter 1: What is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?938. Citizenship implies being active in your community in multiple ways based on your skills,interests, and time. Identify five ways people are active members of their community or nationand explain how, in an elementary or middle school classroom, the teacherand fellow facultymembers might help students to develop an attitude that respects these behaviors and encouragesstudents to learn and practice skills necessary to be active in each of the five ways you haveidentified.

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IMTB for Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades 4e10

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Chapter 1: What is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?11Practicing the Incorporation ofthe 10 NCSS Standardsinto Social Studies UnitsGroup members: ____________________________________________________In your group select one of the following ten topics below for a unit of study and generate ideasfor addressing each of the ten NCSS standards with the topic. Write the names of the standardsunder the left heading and a question that relates to your topic and the standard under the headingon the right.1. Civil War6. Westward Movement2. Your State7. Colonial America3. Canada, Our Northern Neighbor8. Famous Explorers4. Life in Ancient Egypt9. Careers: Past, Present, and Future5. Transportation and Growth of the United States10. SafetyTopic selected_________________________________________________

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IMTB for Social Studies for the Elementary and Middle Grades 4e12You have been given a single NCSS Standard to consider more in depth and discuss withclassmates. After reading the explanation of the social studies curriculum and definition inChapter 1, read the expanded explanation at the website of NCSS(http://www.socialstudies.org/standards/strands/), scroll down the page to find your standard.Share your ideas and some specific examples of what you think are included when studying yourassigned standards’ theme.Explain why this theme is important for students in a democracy that is a leading nation in theworld.Then look at your state’s standards/objectives and see if and where this theme is addressed. Ifyou do not see it in the general listing, you mightlook in the listing of objectives for the grade. Ifyou do not find the theme present at your grade level, you need to report that fact to your groupAND you need to try to offer a reason why that is the case. You also need to think of some waythat you might introduce that standard at your assigned grade level. The group should discuss atwhat point in the school year you might be most appropriate to address and teach this theme.Sometimes a curriculum becomes outdated because of events that happen in theworld changethe needs or special celebrations of an event come along in a year that need to be added for justthat year. (For example, some teachers might have wanted to teach about Abraham Lincolnbecause 2009 is the two-hundreth anniversary of his birthor in 2005 many teachers added astudy onBrown vs. the Board of Educationbecause of the anniversary of the Supreme Courtstriking down the earlier “separate but equal ruling,” the death of President Ford and his funeralwith all of the comments on his life provided an opportunity to examine the presidency and therole of personal character in leadership.)It isNOTnecessary to agree with each other nor do you need to heartily believe whatothers suggest as a possibility is extremely good. What you aretrying to do is stimulatepossible thoughts and ideas. You might pick up on an idea and modify it in a way that yousee as more appropriate.

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Chapter 1: What is Powerful and Meaningful Social Studies?13This exercise is to be done with a partner. Examine the description of Social Studies for thegrade appropriateto the detailed listing of individual goals for your selected grade. You willalso want to refer to the SOCIAL STUDIES STANDARDS for your selected grade (page 15 of thetext. Write your answers on lined paper.1. Read through the descriptive paragraph and the individual goals/objectives.Which of the NCSS standards are represented?2. Which NCSS standards, if any, are missing?3. Can you find any of the standards implied in the paragraph or in the individualstatements?4. Look at the verbs used inthe individual statements. List them and classify themby Bloom’s taxonomy into knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis,synthesis, and evaluation.5. Look at the individual goals and list several social studies concepts or valuesthat teachers will need to teach to the students at your grade level if they are toattain the goal/objective.6. Look at the individual goals and list one or two generalizations children will beexpected to make to illustrate they have learned this goal/objective.7. What attitudes or values are specifically to be stressed about citizenship orscholarship for your grade level?8. Look at the study skills and technology skills. What types of process skills arebeing stressed? Are there any skillsnotmentioned that youbelieve need to beincluded?9. Is there something that you think children at this grade level should be learningin social studiesnotincluded? Name and give a reason to support its inclusion.

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