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The Impact of Study Environment and Gender on GPA Improvement: A 2 � 3 Between-Subjects Factorial ANOVA

This solved assignment uses a factorial ANOVA to analyze how study environment and gender affect GPA improvements.

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    The Impact of Study Environment and Gender on GPA Improvement: A 2 × 3 Between - Subjects Factorial ANOVA 2 × 3 Between - Subjects Factorial ANOVA: Study Environments by Gender This study investigates whether study environment affects academic performance. In addition, this study investigates whether sex of student "moderates" the effect of study environment on academic performance (that is, do males and females differ in how much benefit they get from studying in certain environments). During the first half of the spring semester, 120 male students and 120 female students in grade 10 at a public high school in a large metropolitan area in the southwestern region of the United States were randomly assigned to one of three study environment: study in front of the TV, at the library, or in the food court. The students could ONLY study in the environment to which they were assigned during the research period. At the end of the 7 - week research period, mid - term GPA was computed for each student. A change score was computed for each student: each student's spring midterm GPA was subtracted from his or her GPA for the preceding fall semester. The difference was each student's GPA Improvement score. The GPA improvement score was used to measure academic performance. Directions: Using the SPSS 2 × 3 ANOVA data file for Module 4 (located in Topic Materials), answer the following questions. NOTE: Helpful hints are provided here for you to use while answering these questions. There is no separate answer sheet/guide to use while doing this assignment . What are the two independent variables in this study? What is the dependent variable? The dependent variable is GPA Improvement . The independent variables are Environment and Gender. Why is a two - way between - subjects factorial ANOVA the correct statistic to use for this research design? Because there are 2 levels of Gender factor and 3 levels of Environment factors that is why this is a two - way between - subjects factorial ANOVA. Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file (Remember to check the variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you correct it? The data was entered correctly in SPSS but measure of a variable is not defined in proper order. For gender variable, the measurement should be “Nominal” but it is defined as “Scale” .

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    Run Descriptive Statistics on the dependent variable data. What do the skewness and kurtosis values tell you about whether the data satisfy the assumption of normality? From the above descriptive statistics of GPA Improvement variable, we can see that the mean is 0.2867 with standard deviation as 0.24781 . The skewness value is 0.652 which is bigger than 0. It means that the distribution is Left skewed because most values are concentrated on the right of the mean, with extreme values to the left. The kurtosis value is - 0.063 which is less than 3. It means that distribution is Platykurtic because t he probability for extreme values is less than for a normal distribution, and the values are wider spread around the mean. The p - value for Shapiro - Wilk is 0.000 which is less than 0.05, it means that data is not normally distributed.

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