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WattsSEDU7006-8-7 Northcentral University Assignment Cover Sheet

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    WattsSEDU7006 - 8 - 7 0 WattsSEDU7006 - 8 - 7 NORTHCENTRAL UNIVERSITY ASSIGNMENT COVER SHEET For your research project, you are required to design a study that investigates how the presence of a webcam during an online live virtual classroom (LVC) session impacts learner satisfaction. In your response, address the following points: 1. Define and discuss the concepts of internal and external validity in the context of your study, explaining how they relate to your research question and design. 2. Describe the statistical power analysis you conducted for your sample size, including the effects of sample size, significance level, and power on the results. How do these factors affect the reliability of your findings? 3. In your experimental design, consider two scenarios: one with a single independent variable (webcam usage) and one with two independent variables (webcam usage and technology type). Describe how the factorial design will allow you to investigate both main and interaction effects. 4. Explain the use of random selection and random assignment in your study. Why are these strategies important, and how do they contribute to the internal and external validity of your research? 5. Discuss the strengths and limitations of your study, specifically focusing on the implications for generalizability and the potential for making causal claims. Word Count Requirement: 1200 - 1500 words

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    Learner: Stephen W Watts THIS FORM MUST BE COMPLETELY FILLED IN Academic Integrity: All work submitted in each course must be the Learner’s own. This includes all assignments, exams, term papers, and other projects required by the faculty mentor. The known submission of another person’s work represented as that of the Learner’s without properly citing the source of the work will be considered plagiarism and will result in an unsatisfactory grade for the work submitted or for the entire course, and may result in academic dismissal. EDU7006 - 8 Dr. Theresa Thonhauser Quantitative Research Design 7 Samples, Power Analysis, and Design Sensitivity Assignment: Part 1 (a) Compare and contrast internal and external validity. Describe and give examples of research questions for which external validity is a primary concern. Describe and give examples of research questions in which internal validity is a primary concern. Discuss strategies researchers use in order to make strong claims about the applicability of their findings to a target population. (b) Compare and contrast random selection and random assignment. Be sure to include a discussion of when you would want to do one or the other and the possible consequences of failing to do random selection or random assignment in particular situations. (c) Explain the relationship between sample size and the likelihood of a statistically significant difference between measured values of two groups. In other words, explain why, all else being equal, as sample size increases the likelihood of finding a statistically significant relationship increases. (d) Compare and contrast probability and non - probability sampling. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each? ) Part II (a) In a few sentences, describe two designs that can address your research question. The designs must involve two different statistical analyses. For each design, specify and justify each of the four factors and calculate the estimated sample size you’ll need. Give reasons for any parameters you need to specify for G*Power. Include peer - reviewed journal articles as needed to support your responses to Part I. Length: 5 - 7 pages (app. 350 words per page) Faculty Use Only Steve: Thank you for your work on this paper! Your responses to the essay questions and power analysis are thorough, thoughtful, and well supported. Based on what I currently know about your research, you are right on track with your power analysis, and the statistical tests you are selecting seem appropriate for your proposed research . While you will work with your dissertation chair and committee on your research questions and hypotheses, I’ve given you some feedback on them in this paper. I think you have a really interesting study topic, but I recommend clarifying and streamlining the language and variables in the research

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    question and hypotheses. Please see my comments throughout your document for details and let me know if you have any questions. Thanks! Theresa Thonhauser Content Score: 97 % Writing Score: 93 % August 27, 2012

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    Running head: WattsSE DU 700 6 - 8 - 7 3 Samples, Power Analysis, and Design Sensitivity Stephen W. Watts Northcentral University

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    WattsSEDU7006 - 8 - 7 4 Samples, Power Analysis, and Design Sensitivity Part I 1. Validity focuses on the truth or accuracy of findings (Cosby & Bates, 2012), are foundational principles used to determine the quality of research (Trochim & Donnelly, 2008), and are operative when working with questions dealing with cause - and - effect (Cosby & Bates, 2012). “ Internal validity is synonymous with control ” (Salkind, 2009 , p. 231 ) . If a study has no confounds, the results of the outcome variable are exclusively attributable to the manipulation of the independent variable (Jackson, 2012 ; Yu & Ohlund, 2010 ), and if? the structural integrity of the research design allows no other plausible explanations for the results (Oncu & Kakir, 2011), the study is said to have good internal validity. External validity, on the other hand, “is synonymous with generalizability” (Salkind, 2009, p. 231), and consists in the degree that the findings of a study can be generalized (Jackson, 2012) to other populations, places (Crosby & Bates, 2012; Oncu & Kakir, 2011; Trochim & Donnelly, 2008), “ treatment variables, and measurement instruments ” (Dimitrov & Rumrill, 2003 , p. 159 ). A study does not either have or not have internal or external validity; these constructs are not binary. Further, as the internal validity of a study increases, making it more determinant, the external validity tends to decrease making it less extendable. Conversely, the higher the generalizability the less likely a study will engender a causal relationship. Research questions for which external validity would be the primary concern are those focused on being able to generalize the findings of the study to a larger population. For example, Ferguson and DeFelice (2010) conducted a study in which graduate students participating in a specific class that was offered in two formats based on length of course were surveyed to determine if there were differences in the students’ satisfaction with the communication in the

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