Physical Education: Content Knowledge: 1.1 Core Concepts Part 1

Agility, Balance, and Coordination.

These are foundational skills necessary for mastering complex movements.

The ability to change directions quickly at high speed.

It involves moving in multiple directions at once.

It prevents falls and injuries, enhances coordination, supports posture, improves performance, and facilitates everyday activities.

It involves evenly distributing the weight to keep upright.

The ability to utilize many parts of the body simultaneously and efficiently during a task.

Basic movement patterns essential for physical activity, including running, throwing, skipping, catching, and balancing.

FMS allows individuals to perform more complex movements.

The ability to move with competence and confidence in a wide variety of physical activities in multiple environments that benefit the healthy development of the whole person.

Physical literacy is about having the skills, knowledge, and motivation to enjoy a lifetime of physical activity.

• Dynamic movement skills are more complex and involve active movement.

• Fundamental movement skills are basic movements.

Automatic movements that are out of one’s control.

It is a response for a stimulus without conscious thought.

The adjustments and actions our bodies make to maintain or regain balance and posture.

Movements entirely controlled by the individual.

It involves the conscious decision to move.

Sports that involve movement without traveling to a new location.

E.g. yoga, pilates or calisthenics.

The study of human movement and muscle function.

It seeks to understand the mechanics of human movement.

1. Prime mover (agonist)

2. Assistant mover

3. Antagonist

4. Stabilizer muscles

5. Synergist

Synergy includes helping synergy and true synergy.

The main muscle involved in a specific movement.

Also known as the agonist.

They support the main muscle to facilitate movement.

They engage in the opposite movement of the main muscle (agonist).

For example, during a bicep curl, the triceps brachii acts as the antagonist to the biceps brachii, helping to control the movement and stabilize the elbow joint.

Hold a moving body part in place.

For example, during a push-up, the core muscles act as stabilizers to keep the body straight and prevent the lower back from sagging.

The application of kinesiology principles to assess, diagnose, and improve motor skills.

Kinesiological analysis is used in various fields, including sports science, physical therapy, ergonomics, and rehabilitation, to improve performance, prevent injuries, and enhance overall movement efficiency.

• Discrete skills have obvious starting and stopping points.

• Cyclical skills are continuous.

Analyzing how the joints, muscles, and neuromuscular system (body mechanisms) work in coordination to create movement.

• Speed

• Force

• Balance

• Direction

• Timing

These elements are essential for optimal performance of the selected skill.

motor skills

Multiple body segments move together to create a straight-line motion.

Body segments move in a specific order to accelerate the movement.

The study of mechanical laws related to the movement or structure of living things and their interaction with surroundings.

• Dynamics

• Kinematics

• Kinetics

• Statics

Each element focuses on different aspects of moving systems.

An object in motion will stay in motion unless an external force is exerted upon it.

force applied

For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction.

• Frontal Plane

• Sagittal Plane

• Transverse Plane

Each plane allows movement in different dimensions.

Side-to-side movement and up-and-down movement.

E.g., jumping jacks.

Moving forward and backward, along with up and down.

E.g., lunges and curls.

Often involves rotational movements.

Within this plane, the body moves up/down, forward/backward, and side to side.

A decreasing of the angle between two given body parts.

E.g., Bringing your hand's palm towards the shoulder during a bicep curl.

An increasing of the angle between two given body parts.

E.g., lowering the hand back down after a bicep curl.

A type of motion that allows for 360-degree movement at ball and socket joints.

Characteristic of the hip and shoulder joints.

An inward roll while walking or running.

Pronation is a natural part of the gait cycle.

An outward roll while walking or running.

Supination is a natural part of the gait cycle.

• Pronation turns the palm down.

• Supination turns the palm up.

The study of body's mechanics, primarily focusing on the muscles, the skeleton, and their interaction with gravity.

Often used interchangeably with biomechanics.

Holding a muscle in place for up to 30 seconds in a challenging position.

Type of stretching that involves controlled, active movements to take muscles through their full range of motion.

Ankle injuries

They account for 16% of all sport-related injuries.

Injuries caused by force occurring on a straight line or with a direct impact.

Injuries caused when the force of impact involves rotational movement, twisting, or torque of the muscles, joints, ligaments, or tendons.

• Warm-up stretching

• Stretching during rehabilitation

• Knowledge of how to utilize equipment and play sports properly

• Staying hydrated

• A healthy diet and nutrition

• Improving memory capabilities

• Reducing stress

• Improving academic performance

• Improving behavior and socialization

• Improving overall brain function

• Enhancing mental cognition

• Balancing behavior and mood

An individual's ability to recognize the position, feeling, and state of the body elements.

• Interoception awareness

• Proprioception awareness

• Spatial awareness

Each type focuses on different aspects of body perception.

The ability to understand how a person's body is positioned without looking directly at it.

E.g., You dont have to look to know if you have your legs crossed.

A person's ability to understand their body's position within space.

It allows proper interaction with the environment.

• 1 year: stand without assistance.

• 1.5 years: run.

• 2 years: kick and throw a ball.

• 3 years: Climb and pedal a tricycle.

• 4 years: Hop on one foot.

• 5 years: Do a somersault.

If milestones are not achieved, child may be developmentally delayed.

• Driving a car

• Exercising

• Playing sports

• Walking around the home

Every activity that involves moving around requires spatial awareness.

• Misjudging distances.

• Misinterpreting object movements and position.

• Difficulty processing and predicting animate objects movement.

The ability of your body systems to work together efficiently to allow you to be healthy and perform activities of daily living.

It impacts every aspect of a person's life.

• Health-related fitness

• Skill-related fitness

• Health-related fitness reduces disease risk and enhances health.

• Skill-related fitness improves sports performance.

• Body Composition

• Cardiovascular Endurance

• Flexibility

• Muscular Endurance

• Muscular Strength

The ratio of fat to non-fat in the body.

High fat levels can lead to chronic health issues.

The ability to efficiently take in oxygen and distribute it throughout the body to meet its demands.

It involves the heart, lungs, arteries, vessels, and veins.

The range of motion around a given joint.

It impacts agility, balance, coordination, and the chance of injury.

The ability to continuously use a particular muscle group against resistance.

It can vary between muscle groups.

The amount of force a particular muscle group can produce in one effort.

This is muscle-group specific.

• Agility

• Balance

• Coordination

• Power

• Reaction Time

• Speed

The ability to respond quickly to an external stimulus.

This is a component of skill-related fitness.

The ability to get faster at a skill.

High-intensity interval training helps with speed.

• Improved thinking and cognition

• Reduction in anxiety

• Reduced depression

• Better sleep

At least 30 minutes of activity 5 times a week.

This can lower all-cause mortality risk by 33%.

• Positive mental health

• Stress relief

• Longer life span

150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic activity or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity weekly, plus muscle-strengthening activities on two days.