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Solution Manual for Introduction to Environmental Engineering, 5th Edition

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    SOLUTION MANUAL TO ACCOMPANY INTRODUCTION TO ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 5 TH EDITION Mackenzie L. Davis Michigan State University With Glenna Wood Michigan State University

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    CE 280 Name: _____________________ Introduction to PID: _____________________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM 1 (Closed Book) (100 points) (If a true - false question is "false", you must provide a non - trivial correction to make it true to receive full credit.) 1. (12) The time period for a unit hydrograph is equal to the duration of the excess rainfall. TRUE FALSE 2. (12) What major element(s) of the hydrologic cycle is (are) missing from the following list? 1. Groundwater Flow 2. Evaporation 3. Transpiration 4. Precipitation 3. (12) The time of concentration is particular to the given geometry and surface composition of watershed regardless of the intensity of the rainfall. TRUE FALSE 4. (12) What type of water treatment plant is normally used for a ground water supply? 5. (12) The units for the rational formula are: Q = m 3 /s, C = no units, I = mm/h, A = ha. TRUE FALSE 6. (16) Sketch an artesian aquifer with a flowing artesian well. Identify aquiclude, confining layer, recharge area, and piezometric surface. 7. (12) The hydrologic year is from September 30 to October 1. TRUE FALSE 8. (12) What does it mean that a drought has a recurrence interval of 12 years?

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    CE 280 Name: ___________________ Introduction to PID: ____________________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM 1 (Open Book) (50 points) (Failure to state units on final answer will result in an automatic reduction of one point). 1. (25) Apply the unit hydrograph distribution to the following observed rainfall. Compute the compound runoff. Show all work. Day Rain, cm Abstractions, cm UH Ord., m 3 /s · cm 1 0.80 0.80 0.46 2 0.50 0.0 0.23 3 0.0 0.0 0.31 2. (10) Compute the first two duration values for an I - D - F curve for an 8 year storm from the following 86 year record. Show all work . Duration, Min No. Times ≥ Stated Intensity mm/h 1.0 1.25 1.5 50 25 17 6 60 16 9 3 80 7 4 2 3. (15) Determine the size reservoir (in m 3 ) for the following monthly flows: Month Inflow, m 3 /s Discharge, m 3 /s Aug 1.98 2.0 Sep 1.95 2.0 Oct 3.09 2.0

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    CE 280 Name:_____________ Introduction to PID:_________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM NO. 2 CLOSED BOOK (Point Value = 100) (If a true - false question is “false,” you must provide a non - trivial correction to make it true to receive full credit.) 1.(16) Write the equation(s) for removal of hardness caused by Mg when no bicarbonate is available using lime or lime and soda ash as required. 2.(12) What percent of particles having a v s of 0.25 cm/s will be removed in an upflow clarifier if v o is 0.50 cm/s? 3.(12) The bacillus group of microorganisms is used as an indicator of water contamination. True False 4.(12) Sketch the pumping curve which shows the interception of a barrier by the piezometric surface at a drawdown of 10 m after 15,000 minutes of pumping. Label the axes and point of interception. Draw the curve from 1.0 minutes to 100,000 minutes. (Use a separate piece of paper.) 5.(12) Sketch the effects of increasing valence on colloid charge reduction. Label the axes and curves. (Use a separate piece of paper.) 6.(12) Define palatable as it pertains to drinking water. 7.(12) Define alkalinity in terms of its chemical components. 8.(12) Cadmium is regulated because of: esthetics economics toxicity (Circle correct answer.)

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    CE 280 Name:_____________ Introduction to PID:_________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM NO. 2 OPEN BOOK (Point Value = 50) (Failure to state units on final answer will result in an automatic reduction of one point.) 1.(15) What amount of lime and/or soda ash, in mg/L as CaCO 3 , is required to soften the following water to 80.0 mg/L hardness as CaCO 3 . Show all work . Compound Concentration, mg/L as CaCO 3 CO 2 21.3 Ca 103.0 Mg 137.0 HCO 3 329.8 SO 4 158.8 2.(20) If a fully penetrating well in a 30.00 thick artesian aquifer pumping at a rate of 0.0180 m 3 /s for 1863 days causes a drawdown of 5.25 m at an observation well 45.45 m from the pumping well, how much drawdown will occur at an observation well 90.90 m away? The original piezometric surface was 50.13 m above the bottom confining layer. The aquifer material is fractured rock. Show all work . Report answer to two decimal places. 3.(15) Calculate the sedimentation tank surface area whose loading is 12.00 m 3 /d . m 2 for a flowrate of 0.0400 m 3 /s. Find the detention time (in hours) if the depth of the tank is 3.00 m. Show all work .

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    CE 280 Name:_____________ Introduction to PID:_________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM NO. 3 CLOSED BOOK (Point Value = 100) (If a true - false question is “false,” you must provide a non - trivial correction to make it true to receive full credit.) 1.(15) Sketch a graph showing BOD as a function of time for rate constants of 0.37 and 0.15 d - 1 if the ultimate BOD is 450 mg/L. Label the axes, coordinates of ultimate BOD, the curve(s), ant the ultimate BOD. (Use a separate sheet of paper.) 2.(9) List three locations for the ultimate disposal of sewage sludge. 3.(12) Briefly describe aerobic decomposition in terms of electron acceptor used, important end products, odor potential, place in the natural ecosystem, and role in wastewater treatment. 4.(12) List three reasons why NH 3 is detrimental to rivers, streams and lakes. 5.(8) Explain the effect of operating at a low F/M ratio on oxygen requirement and sludge production. 6.(8) Sketch and label the parts of a trickling filter wasterwater treatment plant. (Use a separate sheet of paper.) 7.(12) Complete the following list of basic alternatives for treating municipal wastewater: activated sludge, trickling filter, _________________ 8.(12) List the phases of bacterial growth. 9.(12) Choose the best answer by placing the letter from the left column in brackets in the right column. Letters may be used only once. All letters do not necessarily have a corresponding bracket. A. Raise pH Phosphorus removal ( ) B. FeCl 3 Activated Carbon ( ) C. Refractory organics BOD 5 ( ) D. Na 2 CO 3 NH 3 removal ( )

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    CE 280 Name:_____________ Introduction to PID:_________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM NO. 3 OPEN BOOK (Point Value = 50) (Failure to state units on final answer will result in an automatic reduction of one point.) 1.(10) Calculate the diameter of a discrete particle whose terminal settling velocity is 2.38 cm/s. The particle density is 1.68 g/cm 3 and the water temperature is 10  C. Assume the density of water is 1,000 kg/m 3 . Show all work . 2.(5) If the BOD 5 of a waste is 183 mg/L, what sample size (in percent) should be selected to yield an oxygen consumption of 6.1 mg/L? Show all work . 3.(15) If the BOD 5 of a municipal wastew ater is 226 mg/L and the ultimate BOD is 305 mg/L, what is the rate constant (in base 10)? Assume the temperature is 20  C. Show all work . 4.(20) Given the following information about a stream, calculate the DO at an observation point 12.47 h downstream from the waste discharge point: K d = 1.07 d - 1 K r = 4.13 d - 1 Q w + Q r = 2.60 m 3 /s River temp. = 22  C Ultimate BOD after mixing = 1,400 kg/d Deficit at the discharge point after mixing = 0.0 mg/L Assume that the rate constants are at the river temp erature. Show all work .

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    CE 280 Name:_____________ Introduction to PID:_________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM NO. 4 CLOSED BOOK (Point Value = 100) (If a true - false question is “false,” you must provide a non - trivial correction to make it true to receive full credit.) 1. (3) Which one of the following is one of the seven major air pollutants designated by the EPA? 1. CO 2 2. Cl 2 3. N 2 4. MOx 5. NOx 6. Ca 2. (10) List the four physiological/psychological effects of noise other than hearing damage. 3. (10) Complete the list of four potential chronic health effects caused by air pollution. 1. Chronic bronchitis 2. Bronchial asthma 4. (6) A ppm is used to measure which of the following: 1. Concentration of gaseous pollutant 2. Size of particulates 3. Concentration of particulate air pollutants 5. (10) Sketch the “A” weighted network response curve of a Type 2 sound level meter. Label the axes and indicate representative values on the axes. 6. (10) Which of the following air pollution control devices is most appropriate for controlling metal fume emissions? 1. Bag house 2. Venturi 3. Packed tower 7. (6) Which of the following is a common feature of an air pollution episode. 1. Unstable atmosphere 2. Large source 3. Early recognition 8. (10) Which of the following most accurately describes the theoretical basis of the operation of a venturi? 1. Mass transfer of gas to liquid 2. Mass transfer of gas to solid

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    3. Centrifugal force moves particles to wall 4. Screening and inertial impaction 5. Impingement of water droplet 6. Ions attach to particles 9. (8) A land breeze is the result of a more rapid cooling of the land surface than the water surface. True False 10. (7) Sound pressure level is defined as follows: SPL = 20 log (p/p o ) True False 11. (10) Given the following vertical temperature profile, compute the lapse rate and give the stability of the atmosphere. Show all work. Z, m T, _C 2.00 5.00 50.00 4.52 12. (10) Match the following by placing the letter from the left column in the most appropriate bracket in the right column. Each letter may be used only once and all brackets may not be appropriate. A. Continuous noise ( ) Electric saw B. Intermittent noise ( ) Air conditioner C. Impulse noise ( ) Alarm clock

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    CE 280 Name:_____________ Introduction to PID:_________ Environmental Engineering SAMPLE EXAM NO. 4 OPEN BOOK (Point Value = 50) (Failure to state units on final answer will result in an automatic reduction of one point.) 1. (15) Convert 0.13 ppm of NO 2 to micrograms per cubic meter. The temperature is 18 _C and the pressure is 100.925 kPa. Show all work . 2. (20) Calculate the downwind concentration at 5 km (y = 0) in g/m 3 resulting from an emission of 2424 g/s of SO 2 into a 4.0 m/s wind at 2 PM on a clear summer afternoon. Assume an effective stack height of 85 m and an inversion layer at 280 m. Identify the stability class and show all work . 3. (15) The noise level measured 100 m from a backhoe is 92 dB at 5,000 Hz. What is the noise level 150 m upwind on a clear summer afternoon when the wind speed is 6.5 m/s? The temperature is 20 _C and the value for rc = 435. The relative humidity is 20 percent. Show all work .

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    1-1 CHAPTER 1 SOLUTIONS 1-1 Total daily withdrawal Given: Population in 2000 = 281,421,906 Solution: a. Using the total daily withdrawal of 5,400 Lpcd: (281,421,906 people)(5,400 Lpcd) = 1.52 x 10 12 L/d b. Converting to m 3 d m 10 52 . 1 m L 1000 d L 10 52 . 1 3 9 3 12    1-2 Estimate per capita withdrawal for public supply Given: Population data from 1950 to 2000 and corresponding public supply withdrawal Solution: a. Use a spreadsheet to estimate the withdrawal Problem 1 - 2 Intro. To ENE 5th Edition Population Withdrawal, m 3 /d Year Withdrawal, Lpcd 151325798 5.30E+07 1950 350.24 179323175 7.95E+07 1960 443.33 203302031 1.02E+08 1970 501.72 226542203 1.29E+08 1980 569.43 248709873 1.46E+08 1990 587.03 281421906 1.64E+08 2000 582.75

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    1-2 Figure S-1-2: Per capita daily water withdrawal 1-3 Additional average daily water production required Given: 280 houses and, from text: 1,320 L/d - house Solution: (280 houses)(1,320 L/d - house) = 3.7 x 10 5 L/d 0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 250.00 300.00 350.00 400.00 450.00 500.00 550.00 600.00 650.00 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Liters per capita per day Year Problem 1 - 2:Per Capita Daily Water Withdrawal for Public Supply Estimated = 575 Lpcd

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    1-3 1-4 Additional average water production required with low-flush toilets Given: 320 houses that have low flush valves that reduce water consumption by 14% and, from text, 1,320 L/d - house Solution: Additional demand = (320 houses)(1,320 L/d - house)(1 – 0.14) = 3.18 x 10 5 L/d 1-5 Repeat Prob. 1-3 for peak demand Given: 280 metered houses, AWWA average Solution: a. From text: peak hour = 5.3(avg. day) (5.3)(280 houses)(1,320 L/d - house) = 1.96 x 10 6 or 2 x 10 6 L/d at the peak hour 1-6 Water lost (in liters) in one year Given: One drop per second, 0.150 mL per drop Solution: (0.150 mL/s)(86,400 s/d)(365 d/y)(1 x 10 -3 L/mL) = 4,730 L/y 1-7 Monthly cost of not repairing valve Given: Valves deliver 130.0 L/min, Water cost = $0.45 per cubic meter Solution: a. Assuming 30 d/mo (130.0 L/min)(1440 min/d)(30 d/mo)(1 x 10 -3 m 3 /L) = 5,616 m 3 /mo (5,616 m 3 /mo)($0.45/m 3 ) = $2,527.20 or $2,530/mo 1-8 Value of water lost Given: Year 2000 data from Prob. 1-2, 15% water loss, cost of water = $0.45/m 3 Solution:

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    1-4 a. Amount of water lost (1.6 x 10 8 m 3 /d)(0.15) = 2.4 x 10 7 m 3 /d b. Value (2.4 x 10 7 m 3 /d)($0.45/m 3 ) = $1.08 x 10 7 or $1.1 x 10 7 /d 1-9 Cost of bottled water Given: 0.5 L bottle of water costs $1.00 Solution: a. Convert L to m 3 0005 . 0 m L 1000 L 5 . 0 3  or 5.0 x 10 -4 m 3 b. Cost 3 3 4 10 2 $ m 10 0 . 5 00 . 1 $     or $2000/m 3 1-10 Daily per capita withdrawal for South Carolina Given: USGS circular 1268 at /usgs.gov Solution: a. From the web site Domestic withdrawal for SC = 63.5 x 10 6 gal/d Population = 4,010 x 10 3 b. Per capita     94 . 59 L gal 2642 . 0 people 10 4010 d gal 10 5 . 63 3 6    or Lpcd

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    1-5 1-11 Lowest domestic withdrawal in the world Given: Pacific Institute web site (www.worldwater.org/table2.html) Solution: a. From the web site column labeled “Domestic Use” in m 3 /p/y Gambia and Haiti tied at 1 m 3 /person – y b. Convert to Lpcd    74 . 2 y d 365 m L 1000 y person m 1 3 3   or 3 Lpcd

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