Back to AI Flashcard MakerLaw /AP Gov Vocab-All Part 6
First Amendment
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
First Amendment
The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly.
fiscal federalism
The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state a...
fiscal policy
Use of the federal budget-taxes, spending, and borrowing- to influence the economy; along with monetary policy, a main tool by which the government ca...
foreign policy
Policy that involves choice taking about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of U.S. foreign policy.
formula grants
Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations.
Fourteenth Amendment
The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that declares "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or i...
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
First Amendment | The constitutional amendment that establishes the four great liberties: freedom of the press, of speech, of religion, and of assembly. |
fiscal federalism | The pattern of spending, taxing, and providing grants in the federal system; it is the cornerstone of the national government's relations with state and local governments. |
fiscal policy | Use of the federal budget-taxes, spending, and borrowing- to influence the economy; along with monetary policy, a main tool by which the government can attempt to steer the economy. Fiscal policy is almost entirely determined by Congress and the president. |
foreign policy | Policy that involves choice taking about relations with the rest of the world. The president is the chief initiator of U.S. foreign policy. |
formula grants | Federal categorical grants distributed according to a formula specified in legislation or in administrative regulations. |
Fourteenth Amendment | The constitutional amendment adopted after the Civil War that declares "No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws." |
free exercise clause | A First Amendment provision that prohibits government from interfering with the practice of religion. |
free-rider problem | For a group, the problem of people not joining because they can benefit from the group's activities without joining. |
frontloading | The recent tendency of states to hold primaries early in the calendar in order to capitalize on media attention. |
full faith and credit | A clause in Article IV of the Constitution requiring each state to recognize the public acts, records, and judicial proceedings of all other states. |
gender gap | The regular pattern in which women are more likely to support Democratic candidates, in part because they tend to be less conservative than men and more likely to support spending on social services and to oppose higher levels of military spending. |
Gibbons v. Ogden | A landmark case decided in 1824 in which the Supreme Court interpreted very broadly the clause in Article I, Section 8, of the Constitution giving Congress the power to regulate interstate commerce as encompassing virtually every form of commercial activity. |
Gideon v. Wainwright | The 1963 Supreme Court decision holding that anyone, however poor, accused of a felony where imprisonment may be imposed has a right to a lawyer. |
Gitlow v. New York | The 1925 Supreme Court decision holding that freedoms of press and speech are "fundamental personal rights and liberties protected by the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment from impairment by the states" as well as by the federal government. |
global warming | The increase in the earth's temperatures that, according to most scientists, is occurring as a result of the carbon dioxide that is produced when fossil fuels are burned collecting in the atmosphere and trapping energy from the sun. |
government | The institutions through which public policies are made for a society. |
government corporation | A government organization that, like business corporations, provides a service that could be delivered by the private sector and typically charges for its services. The U.S. Postal Service is an example. |
Gregg v. Georgia | The 1976 Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of the death penalty, as "an extreme sanction, suitable to the most extreme of crimes." |
gross domestic product | The sum total of the value of all the goods and services produced in a year in a nation. |
GS (General Schedule) rating | A schedule for federal employees, ranging from GS1 to GS18, by which salaries can be keyed to rating and experience. |
Hatch Act | A federal law prohibiting government employees from active participation in partisan politics while on duty or for employees in sensitive positions at any time. |
health maintenance organization | Organization contracted by individuals or insurance companies to provide health care for a yearly fee. Such network health plans limit the choice of doctors and treatments. More than half of Americans are enrolled in health maintenance organizations or similar programs. |
Hernandez v. Texas | A 1954 Supreme Court decision that extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics. |
high-tech politics | A politics in which the behavior of citizens and policymakers and the political agenda itself are increasingly shaped by technology. |
House Rules Committee | The committee in the House of Representatives that reviews most bills coming from a House committee before they go to the full House. |
House Ways and Means Committee | The House of Representatives committee that, along with the Senate Finance Committee, writes the tax codes, subject to the approval of Congress as a whole. |
hyperpluralism | A theory of American democracy contending that groups are so strong that government, which gives in to the many different groups, is thereby weakened. |
impeachment | The political equivalent of an indictment in criminal law, prescribed by the Constitution. The House of Representatives may impeach the president by a majority vote for "Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors." |
implied powers | Powers of the federal government that go beyond those enumerated in the Constitution, in accordance with the statement in the Constitution that Congress has the power to "make all laws necessary and proper for carrying into execution" the powers enumerated in Article I. |
incentive system | An alternative to command-and-control, with market-like strategies such as rewards used to manage public policy. |
income | The amount of money collected between any two points in time. |
income distribution | The way the national income is divided into "shares" ranging from the poor to the rich. |
income tax | Shares of individual wages and corporate revenues collected by the government. The Sixteenth Amendment explicitly authorized Congress to levy a tax on income. |
incorporation doctrine | The legal concept under which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights by making most of its provisions applicable to the states through the Fourteenth Amendment. |
incrementalism | A description of the budget process in which the best predictor of this year's budget is last year's budget, plus a little bit more (an increment). According to Aaron Wildavsky, "Most of the budget is a product of previous decisions." |