Back to AI Flashcard MakerLaw /AP Gov Vocab-All Part 9
national party convention
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
national party convention
The supreme power within each of the parties. The convention meets every four years to nominate the party's presidential and vice-presidential candida...
National Security Council
The committee that links the president's foreign and military policy advisers. Its formal members are the president, vice president, secretary of stat...
natural rights
Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights was central to...
Near v. Minnesota
The 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the First Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint.
New Deal coalition
A coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930s to the 1960s. Its basic elements were the urban working class, eth...
New Jersey Plan
The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population.
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
national party convention | The supreme power within each of the parties. The convention meets every four years to nominate the party's presidential and vice-presidential candidates and to write the party's platform. |
National Security Council | The committee that links the president's foreign and military policy advisers. Its formal members are the president, vice president, secretary of state, and secretary of defense, and it is managed by the president's national security assistant. |
natural rights | Rights inherent in human beings, not dependent on governments, which include life, liberty, and property. The concept of natural rights was central to English philosopher John Locke's theories about government and was widely accepted among America's Founders. |
Near v. Minnesota | The 1931 Supreme Court decision holding that the First Amendment protects newspapers from prior restraint. |
New Deal coalition | A coalition forged by the Democrats, who dominated American politics from the 1930s to the 1960s. Its basic elements were the urban working class, ethnic groups, Catholics and Jews, the poor, Southerners, African Americans, and intellectuals. |
New Jersey Plan | The proposal at the Constitutional Convention that called for equal representation of each state in Congress regardless of the state's population. |
New York Times v. Sullivan | A 1964 Supreme Court decision establishing that, to win damage suits for libel, public figures must prove that the defamatory statements were made with 'actual malice' and reckless disregard for the truth. |
Nineteenth Amendment | The constitutional amendment adopted in 1920 that guarantees women the right to vote. |
nomination | The official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party. Generally, success in the nomination game requires momentum money, and media attention. |
North Atlantic Treaty Organization | A regional organization that was created in 1949 by nations including the United States, Canada, and most Western European nations for mutual defense and has subsequently been expanded. |
Office of Management and Budget | An office that prepares the president's budget and also advises presidents on proposals from departments and agencies and helps review their proposed regulations. |
Office of Personnel Management | The office in charge of hiring for most agencies of the federal government, using elaborate rules in the process. |
open primaries | Elections to select party nominees in which voters can decide on Election Day whether they want to participate in the Democratic or Republican contests. |
opinion | A statement of legal reasoning behind a judicial decision. The content of an opinion may be as important as the decision itself. |
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries | An economic organization consisting primarily of Middle Eastern nations that seeks to control the amount of oil its members produce and sell to other nations and hence the price of oil. |
original jurisdiction | The jurisdiction of courts that hear a case first, usually in a trial. These are the courts that determine the facts about a case. |
originalism | A view that the Constitution should be interpreted according to the original intentions or original meaning of the Framers. Many conservatives support this view. |
party competition | The battle of the parties for control of public offices. Ups and downs of the two major parties are one of the most important elements in American politics. |
party dealignment | The gradual disengagement of people from the parties, as seen in part by shrinking party identification. |
party eras | Historical periods in which a majority of voters cling to the party in power, which tends to win a majority of the elections. |
party identification | A citizen's self-proclaimed preference for one party or the other. |
party image | The voter's perception of what the Republicans or Democrats stand for, such as conservatism or liberalism. |
party machines | A type of political party organization that relies heavily on material inducements, such as patronage, to win votes and to govern. |
party platform | A political party's statement of its goals and policies for the next four years. The platform is drafted prior to the party convention by a committee whose members are chosen in rough proportion to each candidate's strength. It is the best formal statement of a party's beliefs. |
party realignment | The displacement of the majority party by the minority party, usually during a critical election period. |
patronage | One of the key inducements used by party machines. A patronage job, promotion, or contract is one that is given for political reasons rather than for merit or competence alone. |
Pendleton Civil Service Act | Passed in 1883, an act that created a federal civil service so that hiring and promotion would be based on merit rather than patronage. |
Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act | The welfare reform law of 1996, which implemented the Temporary Assistance for Needy Families program. |
Planned Parenthood v. Casey | A 1992 case in which the Supreme Court loosened its standard for evaluating restrictions on abortion from one of 'strict scrutiny' of any restraints on a 'fundamental right' to one of 'undue burden' that permits considerably more regulation. |
plea bargaining | A bargain struck between the defendant's lawyer and the prosecutor to the effect that the defendant will plead guilty to a lesser crime (or fewer crimes) in exchange for the state's promise not to prosecute the defendant for a more serious (or additional) crime. |