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civil disobedience
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
civil disobedience
A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences. See also pr...
civil law
The body of law involving cases without a charge of criminality. It concerns disputes between two parties consists of both statures and common law. Co...
civil liberties
The legal constitutional protections against government. Although our civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights, the courts, police,...
civil rights
Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. See...
civil rights movement
A movement that began in the 1950s and organized both African Americans and Whites to end the policies of segregation. It sought to establish equal op...
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
civil disobedience | A form of political participation that reflects a conscious decision to break a law believed to be immoral and to suffer the consequences. See also protest. |
civil law | The body of law involving cases without a charge of criminality. It concerns disputes between two parties consists of both statures and common law. Compare criminal law. |
civil liberties | The legal constitutional protections against government. Although our civil liberties are formally set down in the Bill of Rights, the courts, police, and legislatures define their meaning. |
civil rights | Policies designed to protect people against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by government officials or individuals. |
Civil Rights Act of 1964 | The law that made racial discrimination against any group in hotels, motels, and restaurants illegal and forbade many forms of job discrimination. See also civil rights movement and civil rights policies. |
civil rights movement | A movement that began in the 1950s and organized both African Americans and Whites to end the policies of segregation. It sought to establish equal opportunities in the political and economic sectors and to end policies that erected barriers between people because of race. |
civil rights policies | Policies that extend government protection to particular disadvantaged groups. Compare social welfare policies. |
civil service | A system of hiring and promotion based on the merit principle and the desire to create a nonpartisan government service. Compare patronage. |
class action suits | Lawsuits permitting a small number of people to sue on behalf of all other people similarly situated. |
Clean Air Act of 1970 | The law aimed at combating air pollution. |
Clean Water Act of 1972 | A law intended to clean up the nation's rivers and lakes. It requires municipal, industrial, and other polluters to use pollution control technology and secure permits from the Environmental Protection Agency for discharging waste products into waters. |
closed primaries | Elections to select party nominees in which only people who have registered in advance with the party can vote for that party's candidates, thus encouraging greater party loyalty. See also primaries. |
coalition | A group of individuals with a common interest upon which every political party depends. See also New Deal Coalition. |
coalition government | When two or more parties join together to form a majority in a national legislature. This form of government is quite common in the multiparty systems of Europe. |
Cold War | War by other than military means usually emphasizing ideological conflict, such as that between the United States and the Soviet Union from the end of World War II until the 1990s. |
collective bargaining | Negotiations between representatives of labor unions and management to determine acceptable working conditions. |
collective goods | Something of value (money, a tax write-off, prestige, clean air, and so on) that cannot be withheld from a group member. |
command-and-control policy | According to Charles Schultze, the existing system of regulation whereby government tells business how to reach certain goals, checks that these commands are followed, and punishes offenders. Compare incentive system. |
commercial speech | Communication in the form of advertising, It can be restricted more than many other types of speech but has been receiving increased protection from the Supreme Court. |
commission government | A form of municipal government in which voters elect individuals to serve as city commissioners who will have legislative responsibilities to approve city policies and executive responsibilities to direct a functional area of city government, such as public safety or public works. See also mayor-council government and council-manager government. |
committee chairs | The most important influencers of the congressional agenda. They play dominant roles in scheduling hearings, hiring staff, appointing subcommittees, and managing committee bills when they are brought before the full house. |
committees (congressional) | See conference committees, joint committees, select committees, and standing committees. |
common law | The accumulation of judicial decisions applied in civil law disputes. |
comparable worth | The issue raised when women are paid less than men for working at jobs requiring comparable skill. |
conference committees | Congressional committees formed when the Senate and the House pass a particular bill in different forms. Party leadership appoints members from each house to iron out the differences and bring back a single bill. See also standing committees, joint committees, and select committees. |