Solution Manual for Calculus I with Precalculus, 3rd Edition

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iiiCONTENTSChapter PPrerequisites............................................................................................1Chapter 1Functions and Their Graphs.................................................................89Chapter 2Polynomial and Rational Functions...................................................173Chapter 3Limits and Their Properties................................................................277Chapter 4Differentiation.....................................................................................320Chapter 5Applications of Differentiation ..........................................................407Chapter 6Integration ...........................................................................................524Chapter 7Exponential and Logarithmic Functions ...........................................606Chapter 8Exponential and Logarithmic Functions and Calculus.....................675Chapter 9Trigonometric Functions....................................................................725Chapter 10Analytic Trigonometry.......................................................................813Chapter 11Trigonometric Functions and Calculus .............................................885Chapter 12Topics in Analytic Geometry.............................................................944Chapter 13Additional Topics in Trigonometry.................................................1054

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C H A P T E RPPrerequisitesSection P.1Solving Equations...................................................................................2Section P.2Solving Inequalities ..............................................................................17Section P.3Graphical Representation of Data........................................................36Section P.4Graphs of Equations .............................................................................44Section P.5Linear Equations in Two Variables .....................................................55Review Exercises..........................................................................................................70Chapter Test...............................................................................................................83Problem Solving...........................................................................................................85

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2C H A P T E RPPrerequisitesSection P.1Solving Equations1.equation2.0axb3.extraneous4.factoring; extracting square roots; completing the square;Quadratic Formula5.4144xxis anidentityby the DistributiveProperty. It is true for all real values atx.6.635210xxisconditional.There arereal values ofxfor which the equation is not true.7.4124422422xxxxxxThis is anidentityby simplification. It is true for all realvalues ofx.8.222 3264xxxxis anidentitybysimplification. It is true for all real values ofx.9.14311xxxisconditional.There are realvalues ofxfor which the equation is not true.10.5324xxisconditional.There are real values ofxfor which the equation is not true (for example,1x).11.1115111115114xxx12.719719719719191912xxxxxxx13.7225772257218218229xxxxx14.7223722232721721773xxxxx15.8532083533205520555205525525555xxxxxxxxxxx16.733177333317334205xxxxxxxx17.42576276267662572257255551yyyyyyyyyyyyy18.58335 113955139453959455985xxxxxxxxxxxx19.3 23856985598555985598xxxxxxxxxxxxzNo solution.No solution.No solution.

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Chapter P.1Solving Equations320.91052 259105410910910xxxxxxxxThe solution is the set of all real numbers.21.34483342424 48393296239623239623xxxxxxxx§·¨¸©¹22.33521031010 35210253036305xxxxxxxxxxx§·§·¨¸¨¸©¹©¹23.31243124312465524045244 0454244 06524063024056zzzzzzzzzzzzªº¬¼24.0.600.40 100500.60400.40500.201050xxxxxx25.8228248484xxxxxxxxz Contradiction; no solution26.823 2125816632102132101310xxxxxxxxContradiction; no solution27.100456634100456121212 6344 10043 5672400161518723131010xxxxxxxxxx§·§· ¨¸¨¸©¹©¹28.173210017321001732100492100499812yyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyyy29.5425433 542 5415121085204xxxxxxxx30.156431567979797xxxxxxx31.2322232222362420zzzzzzz§·¨¸©¹32.120Multiply both sides by5 .515203503553x xxxxxxxxChapter P.1SolvinChapter P.1Solvi

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4Chapter PPrerequisites33.420Multiply both sides by4 .444240428031203124xxxxxxxxxxxA check reveals that4xis an extraneous solution because it makes the denominator zero.There is no real solution.34.22784Multiply both sides by2121 .21217 218214 2121147168164611116xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx35.234133341Multiply both sides by3 .333433412393xxxxx xx xxxxxxxxxA check reveals that3xis an extraneous solution because it makes the denominator zero.There is no solution.36.3562Multiply both sides by3 .336323561823154183153xx xxxx xxxxxxxxxxA check reveals that3xis an extraneous solution because it makes the denominator zero.There is no solution.37.2222253445694969200xxxxxxxxxx38.2222214144144414xxxxxxxThis is a contradiction. So, the equation has no solution.39.2238xxGeneral form:22830xx40.2221337013314490133421470xxxxxGeneral form:23421340xxrequisitesrequisites

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Chapter P.1Solving Equations541.22153101831090xxxxGeneral form:2390100xx42.22222251251421014211 0x xxxxxxxxxGeneral form:24210xx43.26303210xxxx1230or2100orxxxx44.294032320xxx2233320or320xxxx45.2280420xxxx40or204or2xxxx46.21090910xxxx909101xxxxŸŸ47.212350750xxxx70or507or5xxxx48.24129023230xxxx32230xxŸ49.235203120xxxx1230or1203orxxxx50.2232219332193302311023011011xxxxxxxxxxŸŸ51.224124120620xxxxxx60or206or2xxxx52.2218160812801680xxxxxx16016808xxxxŸŸ53.2222000xaxaxaxaxa54.22000xabxabxabxabxabªºªº¬¼¬¼ªºªº¬¼¬¼00xabxabxabxabŸŸ55.2497xxr56.2323242xxrr57.223812733xxxr58.22936442xxxrrChapter P.1SolvinChapter P.1Solvi

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6Chapter PPrerequisites59.2121612412416or8xxxxxrr60.2132513251351358,18xxxxrrr61.2214214214xxxrr62.2530530530xxxrr63.22118211821321322xxxxrrr64.222327023272327233323333332xxxxxxrrrr65.227373xxxxr73or7373or242xxxxxxzThe only solution to the equation is2.x66.225454xxxxr925454or54or5429xxxxxxxxzThe only solution to the equation is92.x67.22222243204324232223626264or8xxxxxxxxxxxrr68.222222620626323373737xxxxxxxxxrr69.222222122501225126256611611611xxxxxxxxxrr70.222228140814841416424242xxxxxxxxxrrrequisitesrequisites

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Chapter P.1Solving Equations771.22222222840480480484282212212223xxxxxxxxxxxxxrr72.222222414394214433991823923232391214222xxxxxxxxxxrr73.22222222580258542555424458941658944589445894xxxxxxxxxxxx§·§·¨¸¨¸©¹©¹§·¨¸©¹rrr74.2222229949911244100124121291112224499025255,xxxxxxxxxxrr75.22222225157073057353733252317220317220317225317225385210158510xxxxxxxxxxxxxx§·§·¨¸¨¸©¹©¹§·¨¸©¹rrrrr76.2222222239505303533353323235923437212372123722337223321269216xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx§·§·¨¸¨¸©¹©¹§·¨¸©¹§·¨¸©¹rrrrrChapter P.1SolvinChapter P.1Solvi

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8Chapter PPrerequisites77.2210xx2242114 212 2131,142bbacxarrr78.2252030xx224220204 2532 252040030050201031,5055bbacxar rrr79.22220220xxxx22422241221223132bbacxarrrr80.210220xx224210104 1222 1101008821023532bbacxar rrrr81.214440xx224214144 1442 11425752bbacxarrrr82.2264640xxxx2242664 142 163616262132313bbacxarrrrr83.22129391230xxxx22421212493291267271833bbacxarrrr84.22444010xxxx2242114 112 111421522bbacxar rrr85.2924160xx224224244 9 162 92401843bbacxarrrrequisitesrequisites

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Chapter P.1Solving Equations986.2164050xx224240404 1652 164016003203240165325542bbacxar rrrr87.2228494492840xxxx2242282844942492802987bbacxarrr88.22310310xxxx2242334 112 1313313222bbacxarrrr89.228522850tttt228842548266222242bbactarrrr90.22580610hh224280804 25612 2580640061005081035508355bbacharrrrr91.225212250yyyy224212124 1252 1122116112bbacyar rrr92.2222514872520196849252819604925137296040xxxxxxxxx§·¨¸©¹2242137213724 2596042 251372921,98450686196625bbacxar rrr93.20.10.20.50xx22420.20.24 0.10.52 0.11.449,3.449bacxbaxxrr|Chapter P.1SolvinChapter P.1Solvi

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10Chapter PPrerequisites94.20.0050.1010.1930xx22420.1010.10140.0050.19320.0050.1010.0063410.012.137, 18.063bbacxarrr|95.24225063470xx25065064 4223472 4221.687,0.488xxr|96.23.220.0828.6510xx22420.080.0843.2228.65123.220.08369.0312.995, 2.9716.44bbacxar rr| 97.222222210Complete the square.212111121212xxxxxxxxxrr98.2211330Factor.113030xxxxx x0or303xxx99.2381Extract square roots.39xxr39or396or12xxxx100.2214490Extract square roots.70707xxxxx101.22222211411411112421122411224120Complete the square.3xxxxxxxxxrr102.223427Quadratic Formula02311xxxx2334 2112 2397439744x rrr103.22242428Factor.44041011010or1011xxxxxxxxxxx104.2220Factor.000a xbaxbaxbbaxbxabaxbxaŸŸ105.42222250022502550xxxxxxx2or50or5020or5or50xxxxxxrequisitesrequisites

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Chapter P.1Solving Equations11106.32525220125054250525250500250250xxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸ107.422810933090No real solution303303xxxxxxxxxŸŸŸ108.63322226408802242240202240No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)202240No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸŸ109.33322216060663606066360No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)xxxxxxxxxŸŸ110.432222224392416092416034000340xxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸ111.32223303303103110303101101xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸ112.322222360232023020230No real solutionxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸ113.43433322110110110111010110110No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸChapter P.1SolvinChapter P.1Solvi10No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)10No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)xx1000xx

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12Chapter PPrerequisites114.4334333222168428160282082022420202240No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)202xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸ115.422243031033110303303101101xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸŸ116.42222236297036710676710767067670610No real solutionttttttttttttŸŸŸ117.63332222780810224110202240No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)10110No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸŸŸ118.633323332233320210222110202xxxxxxxxxxxxªº«»¬¼Ÿ23322220No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)10110No real solution (by the Quadratic Formula)xxxxxxŸŸŸ119.2100210210050xxxx120.3649760764936xxxx121.1040104101626xxxx122.53053594xxxxrequisitesrequisites4949xx44xx

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Section P.1Solving Equations13123.2530253259242xxxxxNo solution.124.32203223242112xxxxx125.3321802182151225135132xxxxx126.3343204324384554xxxxx127.2252645264526816134206706or7xxxxxxxxxxxxx128.52552510xxxxx129.3 22 368686410xxxx130.3 232333838364364341xxxxx131.2 33 23535355355xxxxrr132.4 3223 422162216xxxx22222228or228300140650114 1146or52 11572xxxxxxxxxxxxxxrr133.1 23 21 21 21 2253121013210152010101520, extraneousx xxxxxxxxxxxxªº¬¼ŸŸŸ134.1 34 321 34 31 31 3354161022131021231021530200101530xxx xxx xxx xxxx xxxxxxxxªº¬¼ªº¬¼ŸŸŸSection P.1SolvinSection P.1Solvi

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14Chapter PPrerequisites135.2231231222226260232032302202xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx§·§·¨¸¨¸©¹©¹ŸŸ136.2243112423112483332230130101303xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸ137.222020020054505404xxxxxxxxxxxxxŸŸ138.2234134143430431034304101xxxxxx xxxxxxxxxxxŸŸ139.21521532152xxxxxŸŸ140.1113131121311213112131121xxxxxxŸŸ141.23xxxFirst equation:223303xxxxxrSecond equation:223230130101303xxxxxxxxxxxŸŸOnly3xand3xare solutions to the originalequation.3xand1xare extraneous142.26318xxxFirst equation:2263183180360303606xxxxxxxxxxxŸŸSecond equation:2263180918036033066xxxxxxxxxxxŸŸThe solutions to the original equation are3xrand6.xrequisitesrequisites
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