2023 NCLEX PN Physiological NGN Exam With Answers (200 Solved Questions)

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NCLEXEXAMNCLEX-PN||LATEST QUESTIONS ANDANSWERS&EXPLANATIONS||RATEDA++||100%GUIDE.QuestionswithAnswersandExplanations.QuestionNo: 1-Teachingtheclientwithgonorrheahowtopreventreinfectionandfurtherspreadisanexample of:A.primaryprevention.B.secondaryprevention.•tertiaryprevention.•primaryhealthcareprevention.Answer: BExplanation:Secondarypreventiontargetsthereductionofdiseaseprevalenceanddiseasemorbiditythroughearlydiagnosisand treatment.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo: 2-Whichofthefollowingfoodsisacompleteprotein?A.cornB.eggsC.peanutsDsunflowerseedsAnswer: BExplanation:Eggsareacompleteprotein.Theremainingoptionsareincompleteproteins.HealthPromotionandMaintenance

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QuestionNo: 3-Broccoli,oranges,darkgreens,anddarkyellowvegetablescanbeeatento:•supplementvitaminpills.•balancebodymolecules.•curemanydiseases.•helpimprovebodydefenses.Answer: DExplanation:Controversyoverwhattypesoffoodtoeatandnoteatisstillunderinvestigation.Certainfoodscan helpimprovebodydefensestopossiblypreventcertaindiseases.NonpharmacologicalTherapiesQuestionNo: 4-Themajorelectrolytesintheextracellularfluidare:•potassiumandchloride.•potassiumandphosphate.C.sodiumandchloride.D.sodiumandphosphate.Answer: CExplanation:Sodiumandchloridearethemajorelectrolytesintheextracellularfluid.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo: 5-WhichofthefollowingnursingdiagnosesmightbeappropriateasParkinson’sdiseaseprogresses andcomplicationsdevelop?•ImpairedPhysicalMobility•Dysreflexia

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•Hypothermia•ImpairedDentitionAnswer: AExplanation:The client with Parkinson’s disease can develop a shuffling gait and rigidity, causingimpairedphysicalmobility.TheotherdiagnosesdonotnecessarilyrelatetoaclientwithParkinson’sdisease. Reduction ofRiskPotentialQuestionNo: 6-Whichofthefollowingisaninappropriateitemtoincludeinplanningcareforaseverelyneutropenic client?•Transfusenetrophils(granulocytes)topreventinfection.•Excluderawvegetablesfromthediet.•Avoidadministeringrectalsuppositories.•Prohibitvasesoffreshflowersandplantsintheclient’sroom.Answer: AExplanation:Granulocyte transfusion is not indicated to prevent infection. Produced in the bonemarrow,granulocytesnormallycomprise70%ofallWBCs.Theyaresubdividedintothreetypesbasedon staining properties: neutrophils, eosinophils, and basophils. Theycan be beneficial in aselected population of infected, severely granulocytopenic clients(less than 500/mm3) whodo not respond to antibiotic therapy and who are expected toexperience prolongedsuppressionofgranulocyteproduction.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo: 7-Aprimarybeliefofpsychiatricmentalhealthnursingis:A.mostpeoplehavethepotentialtochangeandgrow.B.everypersonisworthyofdignityandrespect.•humanneedsareindividualtoeachperson.•somebehaviorshavenomeaningandcannotbeunderstood.Answer: BExplanation:

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Everypersonisworthyofdignityandrespect.Everypersonhasthepotentialtochangeandgrow. All people have basic human needs in common with others. All behavior hasmeaningandcanbeunderstoodfromtheclient’sperspective.PsychosocialIntegrityQuestionNo: 8-Ateenageclientisadmittedtothehospitalbecauseofacetaminophen(Tylenol)overdose. Overdoses of acetaminophen can precipitate life-threateningabnormalitiesin whichofthefollowingorgans?A.lungsB.liver•kidneys•adrenalglandsAnswer: BExplanation:Acetaminophen is extensively metabolized in the liver. Choices 1, 3, and 4 are incorrectbecause prolonged use of acetaminophen might result in an increased risk of renaldysfunction,butasingleoverdosedoesnotprecipitatelife-threateningproblemsintherespiratorysystem,renalsystem,oradrenalglands.PharmacologicalTherapiesQuestionNo: 9-Allofthefollowingfactors,whenidentifiedinthehistoryofafamily,arecorrelatedwith poverty except:•highinfantmortalityrate.•frequentuseofEmergencyDepartments.•consultationwithfolkhealers.•lowincidenceofdentalproblems.Answer: DExplanation:Dentalproblemsareprevalentbecauseofthelackofpreventivecareandaccesstocare.Highinfant mortality is one of the most significant problems correlated with poverty.Pregnantwomen who do not have access to care might come to the EmergencyDepartment when inlabor.Thoseinpovertyare likelyto useEmergency

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Departmentsbecausetheymaynotbeturnedaway.Thoseinpovertymightalsoturntofolkhealers or other persons in their community for care who might be easier to accessandmightnotdemandpayment.HealthPromotionand MaintenanceQuestionNo:10-Acycloviristhedrugofchoicefor:•HIV.•HSV1and2andVZV.•CMV.•influenzaAviruses.Answer: BExplanation:Acyclovir (Zovirax) is specific for treatment of herpes virus infections. There is no cure forherpes. Acyclovir is excreted unchanged in the urine and therefore must be usedcautiously inthepresence of renal impairment.Drugs thattreat herpesinhibit viral DNA replicationby competing withviralsubstrates toformshorter,ineffectiveDNAchains.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:11-Ashley and her boyfriend Chris, both 19 years old, are transported to the EmergencyDepartment after being involved in a motorcycle accident. Chris is badly hurt, but Ashleyhas noapparentinjuries,thoughsheappearsconfusedandhastroublefocusingonwhatisgoingonaroundher.Shecomplainsofdizzinessandnausea. Her pulse is rapid, and she is hyperventilating. The nurse should assessAshley’slevelofanxiety as:•mild.•moderate.•severe.•panic.Answer: CExplanation:

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Thepersonwhoseanxietyisassessedassevereisunabletosolveproblemsandhasapoorgraspofwhat’shappeninginhisorherenvironment.Somaticsymptomssuchasthosedescribedby Ashley are usually present.Vitalsignchangesareobserved.Theindividualwithmildanxietymightreportbeingmildlyuncomfortable and might even find performance enhanced. The individual withmoderateanxietygraspslessinformationaboutthesituation,hassomedifficultyproblem-solving,andmight have mild changes in vital signs. The individual in panicdemonstrates markedlydisturbedbehaviorandmightlosetouchwithreality.PsychosocialIntegrityQuestionNo:12-Whichofthefollowingmethodsofcontraceptionisabletoreducethetransmissionof HIV andotherSTDs?•intrauterinedevice(IUD)•Norplant•oralcontraceptivesD.vaginalspongeAnswer: DExplanation:The vaginal sponge is a barrier method of contraception that, when used with foam or jellycontraception,reducesthetransmissionofHIVandotherSTDsaswellasreducingtheriskofpregnancy. IUDs, Norplant, and oral contraceptives can prevent pregnancy but not thetransmission HIV andSTDs.Clients using the contraceptive methods in Choices 1, 2, and 3 should be counseled to use achemicalorbarriercontraceptivetodecreasetransmissionofHIVorSTDs.HealthPromotionandMaintenanceQuestionNo:13-

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Whichfetalheartmonitorpatterncanindicatecordcompression?•variabledecelerations•earlydecelerations•bradycardia•tachycardiaAnswer: AExplanation:Variabledecelerationscanberelatedtocordcompression.Theotherpatternsarenot.ReductionofRiskPotentialQuestionNo:14-Thenurseteachingaboutpreventablediseasesshouldemphasizetheimportanceofgettingthefollowingvaccines:•humanpapillomavirus,genitalherpes, measles.•pneumonia,HIV,mumps.•syphilis,gonorrhea,pneumonia.D.polio,pertussis,measles.Answer: DExplanation:Vaccinesareoneofthemosteffectivemethodsofpreventingandcontrollingcertaincommunicable diseases.The smallpox vaccine is not currently in use because the smallpox virus has beendeclarederadicated from the world’s population. Diseases such as polio, diphtheria,pertussis, andmeaslesaremostlycontrolledbyroutinechildhoodimmunization.Theyhavenot,however,beeneradicated,sochildren needtobeimmunizedagainstthesediseases.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:15-Whichofthefollowingconditionsismammographyusedtodetect?A.painB.tumor•edema•epilepsy

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Answer: BExplanation:Mammographyisusedtodetecttumorsorcystsinthebreasts,nottheotherconditions.Reductionof RiskPotentialQuestionNo:16-Whenthenurseisdeterminingtheappropriatesizeofanoropharyngealairwaytoinsert,whatpartofaclient’sbodyshouldshemeasure?•cornerofthemouthtothetragusoftheear•corneroftheeyetothetopoftheear•tipofthechintothesternum•tipofthenosetotheearlobeAnswer: AExplanation:Anoropharyngealairwayismeasuredfromthecorneroftheclient’smouth,tothetragusoftheear.ReductionofRiskPotentialQuestionNo:17-Whichsignmightthenurseseeinaclientwithahighammonialevel?•coma•edema•hypoxia•polyuriaAnswer: AExplanation:Comamightbeseeninaclientwithahighammonialevel.ReductionofRiskPotentialQuestionNo:18-

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What do the following ABG values indicate: pH 7.38, PO2 78 mmHg, PCO2 36mmHg,andHCO3 24 mEq/L?A.metabolicalkalosisB.homeostasis•respiratoryacidosis•respiratoryalkalosisAnswer: BExplanation:TheseABGvaluesarewithinnormallimits.Choices1,3,and4areincorrectbecausetheABGvaluesindicatenoneoftheseacid-basedisturbances.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:19-Whichofthefollowingistheprimaryforceinsexeducationinachild’slife?•schoolnurse•peers•parents•mediaAnswer: CExplanation:Parents are the primary force in sex education in a child’s life. The school nurse isinvolvedwith formal sex education and counseling. Peers become more important in sexeducationduring adolescence but might lack correct information. The media play apowerful role inwhatchildrenlearnaboutsexthroughmovies,TV,andvideogames.HealthPromotionandMaintenanceQuestionNo:20-The nurse is assessing the dental status of an 18-month-old child. How many teethshould thenurseexpect toexamine?•6•8•12

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•16Answer: CExplanation:In general, children begin dentition around 6 months of age. During the first 2 years of life,aquickguide to thenumberofteeth achild should haveisas follows:Subtractthe number6fromthenumberofmonthsintheageofthechild.Inthisexample,thechildis18monthsold,sothe formula is 18–6 = 12. An 18-month-old child should have approximately 12teeth.HealthPromotion andMaintenanceQuestionNo:21-Whichofthefollowingmedicationsisaserotoninantagonistthatmightbeusedtorelievenausea andvomiting?•metoclopramide(Reglan)•onedansetron(Zofran)•hydroxyzine(Vistaril)•prochlorperazine(Compazine)Answer: BExplanation:Zofranisaserotoninantagonistthatcanbeusedtorelievenauseaandvomiting.Theother medications can be used for nausea and vomiting, but they have differentmechanismsofaction.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:22-Aclientiscomplainingofdifficultywalkingsecondarytoamassinthefoot.Thenurseshoulddocumentthisfindingas:•plantarfasciitis.•halluxvalgus.•hammertoe.•Morton’sneuroma.Answer: DExplanation:Morton’s neuroma is a small mass or tumor in a digital nerve of the foot. Hallux valgusisreferredtoinlaytermsasabunion.Hammertoeiswhereonetoeiscockedupoveranothertoe.Plantar fasciitisisan inflammation

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of,orpainin,thearchofthefoot.BasicCareandComfortQuestionNo:23-Foraclientwithsuspectedappendicitis,thenurseshouldexpecttofindabdominaltenderness inwhichquadrant?•upperright•upperleft•lowerright•lowerleftAnswer: CExplanation:Thenurseshouldexpecttofindabdominaltendernessinthelower-rightquadrantinaclientwithappendicitis.Physiological AdaptationQuestionNo:24-Assessmentofaclientwithacastshouldinclude:•capillaryrefill,warmtoes,nodiscomfort.•posteriortibialpulses,warmtoes.•moistskinessential,painthreshold.•discomfortofthemetacarpals.Answer: AExplanation:Assessmentforadequatecirculationisnecessary.Signsofimpairedcirculationincludeslowcapillaryrefill,coolfingersortoes,andpain.BasicCareandComfortQuestionNo:25-Whichofthefollowinginjuries,ifdemonstratedbyacliententeringtheEmergencyDepartment,isthehighestpriority?

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•openlegfracture•openheadinjury•stabwoundtothechest•traumaticamputationofathumbAnswer: CExplanation:A stab wound to the chest might result in lung collapse and mediastinal shift that, ifuntreated,couldleadtodeath.Treatmentofanobstructedairwayorachestwoundisahigherprioritythan hemorrhage.Theprinciple ofABC(airway,breathing,andcirculation)prioritizescaredecisions.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:26-Whymustthenursebecarefulnottocutthroughordisruptanytears,holes,bloodstains,ordirtpresentontheclothingofaclientwhohasexperiencedtrauma?•Theclothingisthepropertyofanotherandmustbetreatedwithcare.•Suchcarefacilitatesrepairandsalvageoftheclothing.•Theclothingofatraumavictimispotentialevidencewithlegalimplications.•Suchcaredecreasestraumatothefamilymembersreceivingtheclothing.Answer: CExplanation:Trauma in any client, living or dead, has potential legal and/or forensic implications.Clothing, patterns of stains, and debris are sources of potential evidence and must bepreserved. Nurses must be aware of state and local regulations that require mandatoryreporting of cases of suspected child and elder abuse, accidental death, and suicide.EachEmergencyDepartmenthaswrittenpoliciesandprocedurestoassistnursesandotherhealthcare providers in making appropriate reports. Physical evidence is real,tangible, or latentmatter that can be visualized, measured, or analyzed. EmergencyDepartment nurses can becalled on to collect evidence. Health care facilities havepolicies governing the collection offorensic evidence. The chain of evidence custodymust be followed to ensure the integrity andcredibilityoftheevidence.Thechainof

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evidencecustodyisthepathwaythatevidencefollowsfrom the time it is collected until ishas served its purpose in the legal investigation of anincident.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:27-Whichofthefollowingstatements,ifmadebytheparentsofanewborn,doesnotindicateaneedforfurtherteachingaboutcord care?•“Ishouldputalcoholonmybaby’scord3–4timesaday.”•“Ishouldputthebaby’sdiaperonsothatitcoversthecord.”•“Ishouldcallthephysicianifthecordbecomes dark.”•“IshouldwashmyhandsbeforeandafterItakecareofthecord.”Answer: DExplanation:Parents should be taught to wash their hands before and after providing cord care.Thispreventstransferringpathogenstoandfromthecord.Foldingthediaperbelowthecordexposesthecordtoairand allowsfordrying.It also prevents wet or soiled diapers from coming into contact with the cord. Currentrecommendations include cleaning the area around the cord 3–4 times a day with acottonswabbutdonotincludeputtingalcoholorotherantimicrobialsonthecord.Itisnormalforthecordtoturn darkasitdries.Health PromotionandMaintenanceQuestionNo:28-Amiddle-agedwomantellsthenursethatshehasbeenexperiencingirregularmensesforthepastsixmonths.Thenurseshouldassessthewomanforothersymptomsof:•climacteric.•menopause.•perimenopause.

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•postmenopause.Answer:CExplanation:Perimenopausereferstoaperiodoftimeinwhichhormonalchangesoccurgradually,ovarianfunctiondiminishes,andmenses becomeirregular.Perimenopause lasts approximately five years. Climacteric is a term applied to theperiod oflife in which physiologic changes occur and result in cessation of a woman’sreproductiveability and lessened sexual activity in males. The term applies to bothgenders. Climactericand menopause are interchangeable terms when used for females.Menopause is the periodwhenpermanentcessationofmenseshasoccurred.Postmenopausereferstotheperiodafterthechangesaccompanyingmenopausearecomplete.HealthPromotionandMaintenanceQuestionNo:29-Whichofthefollowingmightbeanappropriatenursingdiagnosisforanepilepticclient?•Dysreflexia•RiskforInjury•UrinaryRetention•UnbalancedNutritionAnswer: BExplanation:Theepilepticclientisatriskforinjuryduetothecomplicationsofseizureactivity,suchaspossible head trauma associated with a fall. The other choices are not related to thequestion.ReductionofRiskPotentialQuestionNo:30-

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Whichofthefollowingdiseasesorconditionsisleastlikelytobeassociatedwithincreasedpotentialforbleeding?•metastaticlivercancer•gram-negativesepticemia•perniciousanemia•iron-deficiencyanemiaAnswer: CExplanation:Pernicious anemia results from vitamin B12 deficiency due to lack of intrinsic factor. Thiscanresult from inadequate dietary intake, faulty absorption from the GI tract due to a lackofsecretionofintrinsicfactornormallyproducedbygastricmucosalcellsandcertaindisordersofthe smallintestinethat impairabsorption.The nurse should instruct the client in the need for lifelong replacement of vitamin B12, aswellastheneedforfolicacid,rest,diet,andsupport.PhysiologicalAdaptationQuestionNo:31-Whenaclientneedsoxygentherapy,whatisthehighestflowratethatoxygencanbedeliveredvia nasal cannula?•2liters/minute•4liters/minute•6liters/minute•8liters/minuteAnswer: CExplanation:Thehighestflowratethatoxygencanbedeliveredvianasalcannulais6liters/minute.Higherflowratesmustbedeliveredbymask.ReductionofRisk PotentialQuestionNo:32-

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