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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Document preview page 1

2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 1

Document preview content for 2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions)

2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions)

2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers is the perfect tool for practicing exam questions, giving you the confidence to tackle your upcoming test.

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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 1 preview imagePORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 1-52023/2024 EXAMSUPDATED PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 1 2023/2024WITH CORRECT ANSWERStrade name--answer-brand name, marketed under a patentedpropietary name (EX. Prinival; Zestril)drug class--answer-a group of drugs that all work by the samemechanism of action (EX. ace-inhibitors)active ingrediant--answer-the drug itselfinactive ingrediant--answer-helps facilitate the administration andabsorption of the drugaqueous preperation--answer-liquid medication. EX. cough medicine.takenby mouthtablet--answer-the drug itself is made into a powder and pressed intothis form. most common.troche/lozenge--answer-flattened tablets that dissolve in the mouthand absorb into the tissue in the mouthcapsule--answer-gelatin containerwith either the powder or liquiddrug insidedelayed-release--answer-either a tablet or capsule; treated with acoating that will allow the drug to work overtime (usually 24 hours)antagonist--answer-drug binds to the receptor; there is NO responseAND it prevents other agonists from binding
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 2 preview image
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 3 preview imagecompetitive antagonist--answer-drug competes with agonist and if itbinds there is no responsenoncompetitive antagonist--answer-drug combines with differentparts of the receptor and inactivates it; agonistthen has no effectenzymes--answer-drugs can interact with these by inhibiting orenhancing their actionnonselective interactions--answer-describes drugs that don't target aspecific receptor or enzyme but rather target cell membranes andvariouscell processespharmacology--answer-the study or science of drugsdrug--answer-any chemical that affects the physiologic process of aliving organismtheraputic effect--answer-the desired effect of a drugside effect--answer-an undesired effectof a drug but NOT harmfuladverse effect--answer-an undesired effect of a drug, POTENTIALLYharmfultoxic effect--answer-an undesired effect of a drug, IS HARMFULmechanism of action--answer-how a drug produces its effectssite of action--answer-the location within the body where a drugexerts its theraputic effectonset of action--answer-the point in time after administration when adrug begins to exert its therapeutic effectreceptor--answer-specific cellular structures that a drugbinds to inorder to produce a physiologic effect
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 4 preview imageantagonist receptor--answer-works to interfere with other drugs or asubstance from producing an effectagonist receptor--answer-works to activate a physiologic responsechemical name--answer-defines the chemical composition of the druggeneric name--answer-non-propietary name (EX. Lisinopril)factors that affect drug response--answer-age, weight, sex, geneticvariationas you age, absorption is _____--answer-delayedas you age,distribution is ____--answer-increasedas you age, metabolism ____--answer-decreasesas you age, excretion ___--answer-decreasesincompatability--answer-physical changes that occur when mixedwith another drug prior to administrationadditive effects--answer-when the combined effect of two drugs isequal to the sum of each on its ownsynergism--answer-when the combined effect of two drugs is greaterthe sum of each on its ownantagonism--answer-when the combined effect of two drugs is lessthan the sum of each on its ownpregnancy category A--answer-studies have not yet demonstratedrisk to the fetus (ex. vitamins)
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 5 preview imagepregnancy category B--answer-studies have not been performed inpregnant women but show no risk to the fetus in animalstudies (ex.tylenol)pregnancy category C--answer-studies have not been performed inpregnant women or animals OR animal studies revealed some risk tothe fetuspregnancy category D--answer-studies have revealed risk to thefetus. risk vs benefit ratio must be used prior to administrationpregnancy category X--answer-studies have indicated significant riskto the fetus. contraindicated for use during pregnancyscheduled drug class 1--answer-high abuse potential and no acceptedmedical use (ex.heroin, marijuana)scheduled drug class 2--answer-high abuse potential and acceptedmedical use (ex. narcotics) no refill without orderscheduled drug class 3--answer-moderate abuse potential andaccepted medical use (ex. barbiturates, steroids) maybe refilled 5times within 6 months with orderscheduled drug class 4--answer-low abuse potential and acceptedmedical use (ex. phenobarbital, chloral hydrate, anti-anxiety meds)scheduled drug class 5--answer-limited abuse potential and acceptedmedical use (ex. codeine, lomitol)drug tolerance--answer-decreased effect after repeatedadministrationdrug dependence--answer-reliance on a drug becomes extremelyimportantdrug abuse--answer-begin using the drug for non-medical purposes
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 6 preview imagedrugaddiction--answer-dependence is severe and compulsive drugbehavior dominates all activitiesenteric coated--answer-applied to a tablet that may be affected by anacidic environmentsuppositories--answer-a drug that is mixed with another substancethat will allow it to melt at body temperature. generally insertedthrough the rectum, urethra, or vaginaoitments--answer-soft, oily substance applied to the skintransdermal patch--answer-the drug is released and absorbed throughthe skin into thebloodstream providing a continuous source of thedrug (usually over 24 hours)oral administration--answer-by way of the mouth and throughswallowing, onset 30-60 minutesparenteral (enteral) administration--answer-route that does NOTinvolve the GItractsublingual--answer-tablet placed under the tongue, onset severalminutes, indicated for a rapid effectrectal--answer-route to be used when oral cannot be taken or a localeffect is needed, onset 15-30 minutessubcutaneuous--answer-just under the skin, for drugs that areinactivated by the GI tract. onset several minutesintramuscular--answer-inserted into the muscle. for drugs with poororal administration, high blood levels are needed, or rapid effect isneeded. onset several minutes.
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 7 preview imageintravenous--answer-inserted directly into the vein primarily inemergency situations or when administered via infusion. onset within1 minuteintrathecal--answer-injection into the spinal cavity, used for localeffects within the spine. onset within 1minuteinhalation--answer-for local effects within the lungs, onset within 1minutetopical--answer-applied to the surface of the skin for a local effect,onset within 1 hourvaginal--answer-creams or suppositories applied for a local effect,onset 15-30 minutespharmaceutics--answer-the study of how various dosage formsinfluence the way in which the drug effects the bodypharmacokinetics--answer-the study of what the body does to a drugpharmacodynamics--answer-the study of what a drugdoes to thebodyabsorption--answer-movement of a drug from its site of administrationinto the bloodstreamdistribution--answer-transport of a drug by the bloodstream to its siteof actionmetabolism--answer-biochemical alteration of a drug intoametabolitecytochrome P-450--answer-large class of enzymes that play asignificant role in drug metabolism and drug interactionsbioavailability--answer-how much of the drug is absorbed into thebloodstream for use (1-100%)
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 8 preview imageexcretion--answer-describes the elimination of the drug from the bodyhalf-life--answer-the amount of time it takes for 50% of a given drugto be removed from the bodysteady state--answer-the physiologic state in which the amount ofdrug being excreted from the body isequal to the amount beingabsorbed with each doseagonist--answer-drug binds to the receptor; there is a responsepartial agonist--answer-drug binds to the receptor but the response isdiminishedNEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 2 2023/2024WITH VERIFIED ANSWERSanticholinergic effects--answer-occur when a drug blocks acetylcholineat its receptor site, causing side effects such as dry mouth, dry eyes,blurred vision, troubleurinating, and constipationChlorphreniramine--answer-moderate anticholinergic effect, lowsedative effectDiphenhydramine (Benadryl)--answer-high anticholinergic effect, highsedative effect
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 9 preview imageFexofenadine (Allegra)--answer-low to no anticholinergic effect, low tono sedative effectLoratadine (Claritin)--answer-low anticholinergic effect, low to nosedative effectOTC nasal steroids--answer-Fluticasone (Flonase), Triamcinoloneacetonide (Nascort)What was the first PPI to become OTC?--answer-omeprazoleWhat are the three types of medication used to treat heartburn?--answer-Proton pump inhibitors, antacids, H2 receptor antagonistsExamples of Antacids--answer-tums, Gaviscon, milk of magnesia, MaaloxExamples of H2 Receptor Blockers--answer-CimetidineRanitidineFamotidineExamples of PPIs--answer-omeprazoleesomeprazolepantoprazoleMechanism of Antacids--answer-neutralize gastric acidity
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2023-2024 Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 1-5 with Answers (366 Solved Questions) - Page 10 preview imageMechanism of H2 Receptor Blockers--answer-competitively block H2receptors in acidproducing cells of the stomachMechanism of PPIs--answer-bind to proton pump responsible forsecretion of gastric acidWhich H2 blocker has the highest risk of drug interactions?--answer-cimetidineAnalgesic--answer-pain relieverantipyretic--answer-reduces feverWhat is the most widely used non-opioid analgesic?--answer-acetaminophenOTC medication--answer-medication that is available without aprescription and is available without restriction in most casesWhat year did the FDA start anOTC drug review?--answer-1972What were the goals of the FDA OTC drug review?--answer-1. ensuremeds are safe and effective2. establish appropriate labeling standardsCriteria for OTC status (indications for use)--answer-Consumer must beable toeasily:Diagnose condition
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