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2024 NUR155 Psychology Practice Exam With Answers (280 Solved Questions)

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    NUR 155 Exam 1 2024 Full and Revised Study Guide With Satisfied Solutions Psychological - The internal variable dimension that includes mind-body interactions like emotional responses to stress that affect body function. Self- Concept is another one. Cognitive - The internal variable that includes lifestyle, which refers to general way of living for a person like their living conditions and patterns of behavior, which can be positive or negative. Spiritual and religious beliefs like that Jehovah Witnesses oppose blood transfusions. External variables - Variables Influencing Health Status, Beliefs, and Practices: The type of variable that includes physical environment, standards of living, family and Cultural Beliefs, and social support networks. Physical environment - External Variables/health Status, Beliefs, and Practices: Radiation, chemicals used to control weeds and plant diseases, the greenhouse effect, x-ray, acid rain, ect... Standards of living - External Variables/health Status, Beliefs, and Practices: Occupation, income, and education, hygiene, food habits, and ability to seek healthcare advice. Family and cultural beliefs - External Variables/health Status, Beliefs, and Practices: Family passes on patterns of daily living and lifestyle to offspring. Once abused as a child man might grow up and abuse his own children. Social support networks - External Variables/health Status, Beliefs, and Practices:

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    Having support from family, friends, or confidant along with job satisfaction helps people avoid illness. Acute Illness - Characterized by severe symptoms of relatively short duration. Symptoms appear abruptly and subside quickly May or may not require health care intervention- ex. appendicitis requires surgical intervention, but colds subside without medical intervention or with help of over the counter meds. Chronic Illness - Lasts for extended periods of time 6 months or longer and often for persons entire life. Has slow onset Periods of "remission" and "exacerbation" Ex: heart and lung disease, diabetes mellitus. Effects of illness - Privacy, Autonomy, Financial Burden, Changes in lifestyles. Impact on the client - Effects of Illness: Who is impacted based on the information below? Behavioral and emotional changes Self concept and body image changes Lifestyle changes Impact on the Family - Effects of Illness: Who is impacted based on the information below? Depends On: Member of the family who is ill Seriousness and length of the illness Cultural and social customs the family follows Using silence - Therapeutic Communication Techniques:

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    Accepting pauses or sliences that may extend for several seconds or minutes without interjecting any verbal response Providing general leads - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Using statements or questions that... * encourage the client to verbalize * choose a topic of conversation * and facilitate continued verbalization Being specific and tentative - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Making statements that are specific rather than general, and tentative rather than absolute using open-ended questions - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Asking broad questions that lead or invite the client to explore (elaborate, clarify, describe, compare or illustrate) thoughts or feelings; invite answers that are longer than one or two words using touch - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Providing appropriate forms of touch to reinforce caring feelings; be sensitive to differences in attitudes and practices of clients and self restating or paraphrasing - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Actively listening for the client's basic message then repeating those thoughts and/or feelings in similar words seeing clarification - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: A method of making the client's broad overall meaning of the message more understandable; to clarify the message or confess confusion perception checking or seeking consensual validation - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: A method similar to clarifying that verifies the meaning of specific words rather than the overall meaning of a message

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    offering self - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Suggesting one's presence, interest, or wish to understand the client without making any demands or attaching conditions giving information - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Providing in simple terms and direct manner, specific, factual information the client may or may not request acknowledging - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Giving recognition, in a nonjudgmental way, of a change in behavior, an effort the client has made, or a contribution to a communication clarifying time or sequence - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Helping the client clarify an event, situation, or happening in relationship to time presenting reality - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Helping the client to differentiate the real from the unreal focusing - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Helping the client expand on and develop a topic of importance reflecting - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Directing ideas, feelings, questions, or content back to clients to enable them to explore their own ideas and feelings about a situation summarizing and planning - Therapeutic Communication Techniques: Stating the main points of a discussion to clarify the relevant points discussed stereotyping - Barriers to Communication: Offering generalized and oversimplified beliefs about groups of people that are based on experiences too limited to be valid agreeing and disagreeing - Barriers to Communication: Implies that the client is either right or wrong and that the nurse is in a position to judge this

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    being defensive - Barriers to Communication: Attempting to protect a person or health care services from negative comments challenging - Barriers to Communication: Giving a response that makes clients prove their statement or point of view probing - Barriers to Communication: Asking for more information chiefly out of curiosity rather than with the intent to assist the client testing - Barriers to Communication: Asking questions that make the client admit to something rejecting - Barriers to Communication: Refusing to discuss certain topics with the client changing topics and subjects - Barriers to Communication: Directing the communication into areas of self interest rather than considering the client's concerns is often a self-protective response to a topic that causes anxiety unwarranted reassurance - Barriers to Communication: Using cliches or comforting statements of advice as a means to reassure the client passing judgment - Barriers to Communication: Giving opinions and approving or disapproving responses, moralizing, or implying one's own values giving common advice - Barriers to Communication: Telling the client what to do SBAR - S - situation B - background A - assessment

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    R - recommendation Communication - -Any means of exchanging information or feelings -Consists of verbal and nonverbal messages Pace and intonation - Verbal Communication: The manner of speech, as in the rate or rhythm and tone. Simplicity - Verbal Communication: The use of commonly understood words Clarity and brevity - Verbal Communication: A message that is direct and simple, saying precisely what is meant, and using the fewest words necessary Timing & relevance - Verbal Communication: Needs to be appropriate to ensure that words are heard and needs to relate to the person or the person's interest or concerns Adaptability - Verbal Communication: What is said and how it is said needs to be individualized and carefully considered Credibility - Verbal Communication: Worthiness of belief, trustworthiness, and reliability Humor - Verbal Communication: Can be a positive and powerful tool but must be used with care Body Language - Another name for nonverbal communication; includes gestures, body movements, use of touch, and physical appearance (including adornment). Personal appearance - Factors of nonverbal communication: Clothing and adornments can be sources of information about a person.

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    Posture and gait - Factors of nonverbal communication The way people walk and carry themselves is often a reliable indicator of self-concept, current mood, and health. Facial expression - Factors of nonverbal communication: How the face expresses emotion. Gestures - Factors of nonverbal communication: Hand and body movements may emphasize and clarify the spoken word, may also occur without words. Therapeutic communication - Communication that promotes understanding and can help establish a constructive relationship between the nurse and the client attentive listening - Therapeutic communication: Listening actively with all the senses as apposed to listening with just the ear; requires energy and concentration 5 actions of physical attending - Therapeutic communication: 1. face the person squarely 2. adopt an open posture 3. lean toward the person 4. maintain good eye contact 5. try to be relatively relaxed Situation Background Assessment Recommendation - Often used in a Telephone Report. SBAR stands for? 120/80 - What is a normal Blood pressure (BP) reading in a healthy adult? 60-100 - What is a normal Pulse range for a healthy adult?

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    12-20 - What is a normal range in a healthy adult for respiration? 96.8-98.6 - What is a normal range in a healthy adult for temperature? Oral rectal axillary ear forehead - What are the 5 locations that temperature can be measured in an adult? Axillary (Armpit) & Tympanic (Ear) - What are 2 preferred methods/locations for taking an infant's temperature? Tympanic (Ear), Temporal (Forehead/temporal artery), Oral (mouth), & Rectal. - What are 4 preferred methods/locations for taking a Child's (>3 years) temperature? Rectal - What is the least desirable methods/locations for taking an infant's temperature? Apical Brachial Radial Femoral Popliteal Posterior Tibial Dorsal Pedis - Visualizing the body in the anatomical position, starting at the head and ending at the feet, list all 9 of the pulse locations. (Arms start after the "chest" pulse and feet start posterior) Temporal Carotid - What are the pulse sites on the head and neck? Apical - What is the pulse site on the torso?

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    Brachial Radial - What are the pulse sites on the arm? Femoral Popliteal Posterior Tibial Dorsal Pedis - What are the pulse sites of the leg? Femoral - Pulse sites: Used in cases of cardiac arrest/shock Used to determine circulation of the leg Popliteal - Pulse sites: Used to determine circulation of the lower leg Posterior Tibial - Pulse sites: Used to determine circulation of the foot (Back) Dorsal Pedis - Pulse sites: Used to determine circulation of the foot (Top of foot) Brachial - Pulse sites: Used to measure BP Used during cardiac arrest for infants Radial - Pulse sites: Readily accessible Apical - Pulse sites: Routinely used for infants and children up to 3 years of age Used to determine discrepancies with radial pulse Temporal - Pulse sites: Used when radial pulse is not accessible

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    Carotid - Pulse sites: Used during cardiac arrest / shock in adults Used to determine circulation in the brain Decreases (In contrast when blood volume increases (for example, as a result of a rapid IV infusion), the BP increases.) - When blood volume decreases (For example, as a result of dehydration), what happens to blood pressure? Upper arm (using the brachial artery) - In what location is the BP usually assessed? Thigh (femoral Artery) - If the BP cannot be assessed in either arm, what is the next location is indicated to use? Tachypnea - Breathing Patterns: Rate Quick, Shallow breaths Bradypnea - Breathing Patterns: Rate Abnormally slow breaths Apnea - Breathing Patterns: Rate Cessation of breathing Hyperventilation - Breathing Patterns: Volume Overexpansion of the lungs characterized by rapid deep breaths. Hypoventilation - Breathing Patterns: Volume Underexpansion of the lungs, characterized by shallow respiration. Cheyne-stokes-breathing - Breathing Patterns: Rythm Rhythmic waxing and waning of respirations, from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea.

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