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Advancing Your Career: Concepts in Professional Nursing 5th Edition Test Bank

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    Chapter 1. Your Professional Identity Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Which of the following is not a characteristic of a profession? A. Authority B. Leadership C. Systematic theory D. Professional culture ____ 2. The definition by Kerlinger and Lee (2000) as a “a set of interrelated construct s (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena” is a: A. Systems theory B. Profession C. Key concept D. Theory ____ 3. The correct definition of a paradigm used by professionals in a scientific community consists of the belief system shared by members of that particular community and includes: A. Conducting research, phenomena, and practicing the profession B. The code of ethics, the practice of the profession, and conducting research C. Practice of the profession, conducting research, and the standards of practice D. Evidence - based practice, practice of the profession, and conducting research ____ 4. Which of the following is not one of the five competencies for a health - care professional? A. Evidence - based practice B. Continuing education C. Patient - centered care D. Informatics ____ 5. The spiritual, emotional setting(s) or climate in which the person lives, plays, and interacts as well as the social, physical setting describes: A. A patient B. A profession C. An ethical code. D. An environment ____ 6. Which of the following is not a main concept of a metaparadigm? A. Human beings B. Theory C. Health D. Nursing ____ 7. Which of the following does the code of ethics for nurses not address? A. Behavior with medical professionals B. Behavior with clients C. Behavior with colleagues D. Behavior with patient advocates ____ 8. Which of the following is not part of the Standards of Professional Performance?

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    A. Systemic theory B. Education C. Communication D. Leadership ____ 9. The judgment and self - governing within one’ s scope of practice is part of: A. Evidence - based practice B. Knowledge base C. Code of ethics D. Leadership True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. A philosophy of nursing is the medical profession’s belief system. ____ 2. The professional nurse is concerned with safe and effective care beyond the treatment facility with such things as the environment, health, and human beings. ____ 3. Community sanction occurs through rules and regulations, expectations for practitioners, and professional code of ethics. ____ 4. Informal groups exist within each formal group, providing further professional collegial inclusiveness. ____ 5. Continuing education is not part of the code of ethics. ____ 6. Evidence - based practice is the separation of clinical expertise and rules and regulations.

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    Chapter 1. Your Professional Identity Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B Leadership is not one of the five characteristics of a profession, which include (1) systematic theory and knowledge base, (2) authority, (3) community sanction, (4) an ethical code, and (5) a professional culture. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 2. ANS: D Kerlinger and Lee’s definition of theory is “a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena.” PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 3. ANS: A Conducting research, phenomena, and practicing the profession are part of the definition of a paradigm . PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 4. ANS: B Continuing education is not one of the five core competencies for health professionals. They are for all health professionals is to advance a vision for the education of all health professionals, to deliver patient - centered care as members of an interdisciplinary team, emphasizing evidence - based practice, quality improvement approaches, and informatics. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 5. ANS: D The environment comprises the physical, social, cultural, spiritual, and emotional climate or setting(s) in which the person lives, works, plays, and interacts. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 6. ANS: B Theory is not included in the four concepts of metaparadigm, which are human beings, environment, health, and nursing. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 7. ANS: D Developed within the profession, the code of ethics addresses general ethical practice issues as well as professional, personal, and practice values and colleague relationships. It does not refer to the need for health professionals to be patient advocates. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 8. ANS: A Systemic theory is not one of the standards of professional performance, which are expected professional roles and behaviors, including ethics, education, evidenced - based practice and research, quality of practice, communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resource utilization, and environmental health.

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    PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity 9. ANS: C Developed within the profession, the code of ethics addresses general ethical practice issues as well as professional, personal, and practice values and colleague relationships. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional Identity TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F A philosophy of nursing presents a particular professional nurse’s belief system or worldview of nursing — the nurse’s personal definition of nursing . PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Philosophy 2. ANS: T The professional nurse is concerned with safe and effective care beyond the treatment facility with their focus on human beings, the environment, and health as part of effective nursing care for positive client outcomes. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional nurse 3. ANS: F Community sanction occurs through statutes, rules, regulations, definition of practice, and expectations for practitioners. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Community sanction 4. ANS: T Informal groups are the collegial settings that provide for collaboration, stimulation, and sharing of mutual values. These informal groups exist within each formal group, providing further professional, collegial inclusiveness. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Professional culture 5. ANS: T Developed within the profession, the code of ethics addresses general ethical practice issues as well as professional, personal, and practice values and colleague relationships. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Code of ethics 6. ANS: F Greiner and Knebel (2003) define evidence - based practice as the integration of the best research with clinical expertise and the client’s values for optimum care as well as participation in learning and research activities. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evidence - based practice

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    Chapter 2. Theory as the Basis for Practice? Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. “A set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena” is the definition of a: A. Paradigm B. Framework C. Theory D. Phenomena ____ 2. Theory is defined as “a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena” by: A. Piaget B. Kerlinger and Lee C. Erikson and Piaget D. Barnum ____ 3. A graphic representation of a phenomenon is a: A. Framework B. Metaparadigm C. Philosophy D. Model ____ 4. A theory can evolve from a: A. Conceptual model B. Philosophy C. Phenomenon D. Paradigm ____ 5. A concept: A. Can be highly concrete or highly abstract B. Is less complex than a construct C. Provides a view we hold about something D. All of the above ____ 6. Propositions in a theory are the descriptions and relationship among the constructs that: A. Develop a theory that includes factor - isolating B. Propose how the concepts are linked and relate to each other C. Describe the significance, consistency, and scope of the theory D. All of the above ____ 7. The classification of grand, middle range, or limited applies to: A. Phenomena B. Quantum theory C. Statistical probabilities D. Theories ____ 8. Theories are classified as grand, middle range, or limited on the base of their:

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    A. Theoretical base B. Purpose C. Scope and breadth D. Interdependence True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. The component parts of a theory are its assumptions, classification, definitions, propositions, phenomenon, and scope. ____ 2. In research, variables relate to some concept in the theory under study. ____ 3. Laughlin (2005) proposes, “professional [nursing] practice requires a systematic approach that is focused on the patient, and the theoretical works provide just such perspectives of the patient.” ____ 4. Theory, practice, and research are interrelated and interdependent. ____ 5. Quantum theory has not provided some of the basis for advances in technology. ____ 6. Barnum (1990) describes early nursing theories: “A high number of [boundary] overlaps occur in the discipline of nursing because it often attempts to deal holistically with a phenomenon (man) that has previously been dealt with in compartmentalized ways by other disciplines.” ____ 7. Kerlinger and Lee define the aims or purpose of theory as describing or explaining some phenomena of interest.

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    Chapter 2. Theory as the Basis for Practice? Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: C Kerlinger and Lee (2000) put forth the statement. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 2. ANS: B Kerlinger and Lee (2000) set forth this definition. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 3. ANS: D A model is a graphic representation of some phenomenon. It may be a mathematical model (A + B = C) or a diagrammatic model, linking words with symbols and lines. A theoretical model provides a visual description of the theory using limited narrative and displaying components and relationships symbolically. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 4. ANS: A A theory can evolve from a conceptual model or framework as concepts are further defined, specified, tested, and interrelated to represent some aspect of reality. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 5. ANS: D At the simplest level, a concept is a view or idea that we hold about something. It can be something highly concrete, such as a pencil, or something highly abstract, such as quality. The more concrete the concept, the easier it is understood and consistently used. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 6. ANS: B Describing and stating the relationships between or among the constructs (or concepts) provides the propositions of a theory. These are also called the relational statements , showing how the concepts are linked in the theory and relate to one another and to the total theoretical structure. They define how the structure is held together. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 7. ANS: D Theories are classified according to their scope as grand, middle - range, or limited in scope or practice. This is the breadth of coverage of some phenomena. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base 8. ANS: C Theories are classified according to their scope as grand (one with a broad scope), middle - range (narrower in scope), or limited in scope or practice (focus on measurable variables and propositions and perhaps to a specific population or group of individuals with a common characteristic). PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theoretical base

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    TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: F According to Kerlinger and Lee, the components and aims of a theory must initially be described and then evaluated for potential use in practice, education, and research in a discipline. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theory 2. ANS: T Variables are concepts that can change and contain a set of values that can be measured in a practice or research situation. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Variables 3. ANS: F Alligood (2010) is the one who proposed it. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Practice 4. ANS: T Theory, practice, and research are interrelated and interdependent. When we are selecting a theory on which to base practice, the theory must be compatible and correspond to the phenomena of professional nursing practice. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Theory 5. ANS: F Quantum theory, based on quantum physics, uses statistical probabilities for the actions of atomic and subatomic matter and waves, and has provided some of the basis for advances in technology. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Quantum theory 6. ANS: T Barnum is the correct person. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Barnum 7. ANS: T Kerlinger and Lee defined the aims or purpose of theory as describing or explaining some phenomena of interest. In nursing, theory is further differentiated into levels that describe, explain, predict, and control. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Kerlinger and Lee

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    Chapter 3. Evolution and Use of Formal Nursing Knowledge Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. The author who wrote about the first id eas of what formal nursing knowledge consisted of was: A. Neuman B. Nightingale C. Parse D. Henderson ____ 2. Which of the following can be interchanged with the term conceptual model ? A. Conceptual framework B. Paradigm C. Conceptual system D. All of the above ____ 3. Which of the following systems is not part of King’s conceptual model that concentrates on individuals? A. Personal system B. Interpersonal system C. Coping system D. Social system ____ 4. Which of the following is not a subsystem of a behavioral system model? A. Despondency B. Attachment C. Sexual D. All of the above ____ 5. Which of the following does a nurse not examine to determine the existence of a problem? A. Information to the degree the behavior is purposeful, orderly, and predictable. B. Past and present family and patient behavioral system histories C. Patient’s philosophies, medical goals, and family history D. Information on structural components of a subsystem ____ 6. Which of the following is not an element of a subsystem? A. Choice B. Diagnostic plan C. Drive or goal D. Action ____ 7. The components of the interaction - transaction process are: A. Judgment B. Reaction C. Perception D. All of the above True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

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    ____ 1. Henderson maintained tha t the function of nursing is to help individuals, sick or well; to perform those activities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that they would perform unaided if they had the necessary strength, will, or knowledge; and to do so in such a way as to help those individuals gain independence as soon as possible. ____ 2. Conceptual models of nursing clarify the realm of nursing responsibilities and accountability. ____ 3. Roy’s adaptation model, Johnson’ s behavioral system model, and Levine’s conceptual model are just some of the conceptual models of nursing recognized by the profession. ____ 4. The two diagnostic classifications of problems are intersystem problems and internal subsystem problems. ____ 5. Protection, medical diagnosis, and stimulation are the functional requirements necessary for each subsystem. ____ 6. In Johnson’s behavioral system model, affiliative is the security needed for survival as well as social inclusion, intimacy, and formation and maintenance of social bonds. ____ 7. When nurses select a conceptual model or nursing theory for their professional practice it is important for them to compare their own beliefs and values to the philosophical claims underlying the conceptual model they select. ____ 8. Trophicognosis is a formulation of nursing care judgment arrived at by the deductive reasoning process.

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    Chapter 3. Evolution and Use of Formal Nursing Knowledge Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B Nightingale’s (1859) book, Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not, contains the first ideas that can be considered formal nursing knowledge. Accor ding to Nightingale, nursing should signify the proper use of fresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge 2. ANS: D The terms conceptual model, conceptual framework, conceptual system, and paradigm are frequently used interchangeably and have the same definition and functions. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge 3. ANS: C King’s conceptual model concentrates on individuals’ interactions within three open, dynamic, interacting systems — the personal system, the interpersonal system, and the social system. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge 4. ANS: A In Johnson’s conceptual model of nursing, the behavioral system model includes the subsystem of dependency. Dependency is the succoring behavior that calls for a response of nurturance as well as approval, attention or recognition, and physical assistance. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge 5. ANS: C Past and present family and patient behavioral system histories do not fall within the domain of what a nurse should examine to determine the existence of a problem. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge 6. ANS: B Instead of diagnostic plan, the fourth element of a subsystem is set, which is the individual’s predisposition to act in certain ways to fulfill the function of the subsystem. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge 7. ANS: D The interaction - transaction process also includes action, disturbance, mutual goal setting, exploration of means to achieve goals, agreement on means to achieve goals, attainment of goals, and transaction. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Evolution and formal nursing knowledge TRUE/FALSE 1. ANS: T Henderson put his statements forth more than 100 years after Nightingale’s (1859) book, Not es on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not.

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    PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Nursing function 2. ANS: T A conceptual model is defined as a set of relatively abstract and general concepts that address the phenomena of central interest to a discipline, the statements that broadly describe those concepts, and the statements that assert relatively abstract and general relations between two or more of the concepts. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Conceptual models of nursing 3. ANS: T There are other conceptual models including King’s conceptual system, Levine’s conservation model, and Ormem’s self - care framework. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Conceptual models of nursing 4. ANS: T In internal subsystem problems, functional requirements are not met, inconsistency or disharmony among the structural components of subsystems is evident, and/or the behavior is inappropriate in the ambient culture. In intersystem problems, the entire behavioral system is dominated by one or two subsystems, or a conflict exists between two or more subsystems. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Diagnostic 5. ANS: F The three functional requirements are protection, nurturance, and stimulation. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Subsystem 6. ANS: T The term attachment can be used as an alternative to affiliative. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Affiliative 7. ANS: T One of the six steps that can help nurses select an appropriate conceptual model of nursing or nursing theory is to identify their own beliefs and values related to the phenomena of interest to all nurses. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Select a conceptual model or nursing theory 8. ANS: F In trophicognosis, a nurse observes and collects data that will influence nursing practice, using appropriate assessment to establish an objective and scientific rationale for nursing practice. The nurse understands the basis for the prescribed medical regimen, including the medical diagnosis, the medical history, and the laboratory and x - ray examination reports, with specific reference to areas influencing the nursing care plan. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Trophicognosis

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    Chapter 4. Health, Illness, and Holism Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____ 1. Strategies for promoting and protecting a patient’s health differ from preventat ive strategies in that the: A. Latter strategies focus on the patient’s current health status and future prospects. B. Latter strategies focus on the prevention of illness to occur in the first place. C. Combination of strategies causes dissonance in the treatment plan. D. All of the above ____ 2. A concept of health is determined by one’s: A. Health and medical history B. Cultural background and medical history C. Worldview and in - field practice D. Worldview and philosophical assumptions ____ 3. Which of the following is not one of the five theories of health that Benner and Wrubel have put forth about health? A. Fulfilling social roles B. An ideal C. A community D. A sense of coherence ____ 4. Who was the author who defined high - level wellness for an individual as “an inte grated method of functioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable [and] requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environment where he is functioning”? A. Pender B. Gordon C. Becker D. Dunn ____ 5. The three major concepts that explain and predict health - related behaviors are modifying and enabling factors, readiness to undertake recommended compliance behavior, and: A. Adherence to and compliant with proscribed health behaviors B. Change of communities; moving to a new locale C. Setting up a team of physicians to support one D. None of the above ____ 6. Which one of the three components in Pender’s health promotion model is described correctly? A. Individual characteristics and experiences include perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self - efficacy, activity - related affect interpersonal influences, and situational influences. B. Behavior - specific cognitions and affect include prior related behavior and personal factors (biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors). C. The behavioral outcome is attainment of a positive health outcome through commitment to the plan of action and competing demands and preferences. D. All of the above ____ 7. Pender is associated with the: A. Chronic illness trajectory framework

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    B. Health belief model C. Transcultural assessment model D. Health promotion model ____ 8. Gordon’ s 11 functional health patterns can be used as a valuable tool in: A. Determining transcultural differences for assessing a likely prognosis B. Nurse assessment and diagnosis process C. Creating a client - specific health promotion model D. All of the above ____ 9. An important component of Pender’s health promotion model and the chronic illness trajectory framework is: A. The patient’s state of health B. Patient’s support system and medical history C. The promotion and maintenance of wellness D. Personal perceptions of the client ____ 10. Which of the following competencies should a nurse already have when first entering a master’s degree program? A. Advocate for social justice, including commitment to the health of vulnerable populations. B. Construct socially and empirically derived cultural knowledge of clients being served. C. Prioritize the social and cultural factors that affect health in delivering care in varying contexts. D. Conduct culturally competent scholarship that can be used in practice. True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. ____ 1. The central concepts of cultural awareness, knowledge, skill, encounters, and desire relate to the cultural competence in the delivery of health - care services model developed by Giger and Davidhizar. ____ 2. Nurses have a primary responsibility in health promotion, health maintenance, and prevention activities. ____ 3. Acupuncture, homeopathy, and herbalism are not examples of complementary medicine. ____ 4. A nurse’s role is guided by the theoretical framework on which it is based. ____ 5. The individuals who set goals in King’s theory of goal attainment are the nurse in consultation with the treating physician.

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    Chapter 4. Health, Illness, and Holism Answer Section MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. ANS: B Promoting and protecting a patient’s health refers to the one’s current state. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 2. ANS: D Health is a condition we seek, promote, and hope to maintain. Health is more than the absence of illness, or infirmity. A multidimensional construct of health is determined by the individual’s worldview and philosophical assumptions. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 3. ANS: C In addition to fulfilling social roles, an ideal, and a sense of coherence, Benner and Wrubel also address human potential and a sense of coherence. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 4. ANS: D Dunn developed his model of high - level wellness starting with the 1947 definition of health from the World Health Organization that emphasized physical, mental, and social well - being. He stressed that well - being includes the positive, dynamic, and unique integration of mind, body, and spirit of the individual within his or her environment, including work, family, community, and society. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 5. ANS: A The health belief model was designed as an organizing framework to advance health promotion activities by targeting interventions on certain individual variables. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 6. ANS: C Pender’s health promotion model is a schematic representation with three components for health - promoting behaviors: individual characteristics and experiences, prior related behavior, and personal factors. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 7. ANS: D Pender’s health promotion model is a schematic representation with three components for health - promoting behaviors. Individual characteristics and experiences include prior related behavior and personal factors (biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors). Behavior - specific cognitions and affect include perceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self - efficacy, activity - related affect interpersonal influences, and situational influences. The behavioral outcome is attainment of a positive health outcome through commitment to the plan of action and competing demands and preferences. PTS: 1 DIF: Level 1 TOP: Health, illness, holism 8. ANS: B

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