Advancing Your Career: Concepts in Professional Nursing 5th Edition Test Bank

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Chapter 1. Your Professional IdentityMultiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of a profession?A.AuthorityB.LeadershipC.Systematic theoryD.Professional culture____2.The definition by Kerlinger and Lee (2000) as a “a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, andpropositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with thepurpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena” is a:A.Systems theoryB.ProfessionC.Key conceptD.Theory____3.The correct definition of aparadigmused by professionals in a scientific community consists of the beliefsystem shared by members of that particular community and includes:A.Conducting research, phenomena, and practicing the professionB.The code of ethics, the practice of the profession, and conducting researchC.Practice of the profession, conducting research, and the standards of practiceD.Evidence-based practice, practice of the profession, and conducting research____4.Which of the following is not one of the five competencies for a health-care professional?A.Evidence-based practiceB.Continuing educationC.Patient-centered careD.Informatics____5.The spiritual, emotional setting(s) or climate in which the person lives, plays, and interacts as well as thesocial, physical setting describes:A.A patientB.A professionC.An ethical code.D.An environment____6.Which of the following is not a main concept of a metaparadigm?A.Human beingsB.TheoryC.HealthD.Nursing____7.Which of the following does the code of ethics for nurses not address?A.Behavior with medical professionalsB.Behavior with clientsC.Behavior with colleaguesD.Behavior with patient advocates____8.Which of the following is not part of the Standards of Professional Performance?

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A.Systemic theoryB.EducationC.CommunicationD.Leadership____9.The judgment and self-governing within one’s scope of practice is part of:A.Evidence-based practiceB.Knowledge baseC.Code of ethicsD.LeadershipTrue/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.____1.A philosophy of nursing is the medical profession’s belief system.____2.The professional nurse is concerned with safe and effective care beyond the treatment facility with suchthings as the environment, health, and human beings.____3.Community sanction occurs through rules and regulations, expectations for practitioners, and professionalcode of ethics.____4.Informal groups exist within each formal group, providing further professional collegial inclusiveness.____5.Continuing education is not part of the code of ethics.____6.Evidence-based practice is the separation of clinical expertise and rules and regulations.

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Chapter 1. Your Professional IdentityAnswer SectionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.ANS:BLeadership is not one of the five characteristics of a profession, which include (1) systematic theory andknowledge base, (2) authority, (3) community sanction, (4) an ethical code, and (5) a professional culture.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity2.ANS:DKerlinger and Lee’s definition oftheoryis “a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, andpropositions that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with thepurpose of explaining and predicting the phenomena.”PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity3.ANS:AConducting research, phenomena, and practicing the profession are part of the definition of aparadigm.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity4.ANS:BContinuing education is not one of the five core competencies for health professionals. They are for all healthprofessionals is to advance a vision for the education of all health professionals, to deliver patient-centeredcare as members of an interdisciplinary team, emphasizing evidence-based practice, quality improvementapproaches, and informatics.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity5.ANS:DThe environment comprises the physical, social, cultural, spiritual, and emotional climate or setting(s) inwhich the person lives, works, plays, and interacts.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity6.ANS:BTheory is not included in the four concepts of metaparadigm, which are human beings, environment, health,and nursing.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity7.ANS:DDeveloped within the profession, the code of ethics addresses general ethical practice issues as well asprofessional, personal, and practice values and colleague relationships. It does not refer to the need for healthprofessionals to be patient advocates.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity8.ANS:ASystemic theory is not one of the standards of professional performance, which are expected professionalroles and behaviors, including ethics, education, evidenced-based practice and research, quality of practice,communication, leadership, collaboration, professional practice evaluation, resource utilization, andenvironmental health.

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PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional Identity9.ANS:CDeveloped within the profession, the code of ethics addresses general ethical practice issues as well asprofessional, personal, and practice values and colleague relationships.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional IdentityTRUE/FALSE1.ANS:FA philosophy of nursing presents a particular professional nurse’s belief system or worldview of nursing—thenurse’s personal definition ofnursing.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Philosophy2.ANS:TThe professional nurse is concerned with safe and effective care beyond the treatment facility with their focuson human beings, the environment, and health as part of effective nursing care for positive client outcomes.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional nurse3.ANS:FCommunity sanction occurs through statutes, rules, regulations, definition of practice, and expectations forpractitioners.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Community sanction4.ANS:TInformal groups are the collegial settings that provide for collaboration, stimulation, and sharing of mutualvalues. These informal groups exist within each formal group, providing further professional, collegialinclusiveness.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Professional culture5.ANS:TDeveloped within the profession, the code of ethics addresses general ethical practice issues as well asprofessional, personal, and practice values and colleague relationships.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Code of ethics6.ANS:FGreiner and Knebel (2003) defineevidence-based practiceas the integration of the best research with clinicalexpertise and the client’s values for optimum care as well as participation in learning and research activities.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evidence-based practice

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Chapter 2. Theory as the Basis for Practice?Multiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.“A set of interrelated constructs (concepts),definitions, and propositions that present a systematic view ofphenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining and predicting thephenomena” is the definition of a:A.ParadigmB.FrameworkC.TheoryD.Phenomena____2.Theoryis defined as “a set of interrelated constructs (concepts), definitions, and propositions that present asystematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables, with the purpose of explaining andpredicting the phenomena” by:A.PiagetB.Kerlinger and LeeC.Erikson and PiagetD.Barnum____3.A graphic representation of a phenomenon is a:A.FrameworkB.MetaparadigmC.PhilosophyD.Model____4.A theory can evolve from a:A.Conceptual modelB.PhilosophyC.PhenomenonD.Paradigm____5.A concept:A.Can be highly concrete or highly abstractB.Is less complex than a constructC.Provides a view we hold about somethingD.All of the above____6.Propositions in a theory are the descriptions and relationship among the constructs that:A.Develop a theory that includes factor-isolatingB.Propose how the concepts are linked and relate to each otherC.Describe the significance, consistency, and scope of the theoryD.All of the above____7.The classification of grand, middle range, or limited applies to:A.PhenomenaB.Quantum theoryC.Statistical probabilitiesD.Theories____8.Theories are classified as grand, middle range, or limited on the base of their:

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A.Theoretical baseB.PurposeC.Scope and breadthD.InterdependenceTrue/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.____1.The component parts of a theory are its assumptions, classification, definitions, propositions, phenomenon,and scope.____2.In research, variables relate to some concept in the theory under study.____3.Laughlin (2005) proposes, “professional [nursing] practice requires a systematic approach that is focused onthe patient, and the theoretical works provide just such perspectives of the patient.”____4.Theory, practice, and research are interrelated and interdependent.____5.Quantum theory has not provided some of the basis for advances in technology.____6.Barnum (1990) describes early nursing theories: “A high number of [boundary] overlaps occur in thediscipline of nursing because it often attempts to deal holistically with a phenomenon (man) that haspreviously been dealt with in compartmentalized ways by other disciplines.”____7.Kerlinger and Lee define the aims or purpose of theory as describing or explaining some phenomena ofinterest.

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Chapter 2. Theory as the Basis for Practice?Answer SectionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.ANS:CKerlinger and Lee (2000) put forth the statement.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base2.ANS:BKerlinger and Lee (2000) set forth this definition.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base3.ANS:DA model is a graphic representation of some phenomenon. It may be a mathematical model (A + B = C) or adiagrammatic model, linking words with symbols and lines. A theoretical model provides a visual descriptionof the theory using limited narrative and displaying components and relationships symbolically.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base4.ANS:AA theory can evolve from a conceptual model or framework as concepts are further defined, specified, tested,and interrelated to represent some aspect of reality.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base5.ANS:DAt the simplest level, a concept is a view or idea that we hold about something. It can be something highlyconcrete, such as a pencil, or something highly abstract, such as quality. The more concrete the concept, theeasier it is understood and consistently used.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base6.ANS:BDescribing and stating the relationships between or among the constructs (or concepts) provides thepropositions of a theory. These are also called the relational statements,showing how the concepts are linkedin the theory and relate to one another and to the total theoretical structure. They define how the structure isheld together.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base7.ANS:DTheories are classified according to their scope as grand, middle-range, or limited in scope or practice. This isthe breadth of coverage of some phenomena.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base8.ANS:CTheories are classified according to their scope as grand (one with a broad scope), middle-range (narrower inscope), or limited in scope or practice (focus on measurable variables and propositions and perhaps to aspecific population or group of individuals with a common characteristic).PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theoretical base

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TRUE/FALSE1.ANS:FAccording to Kerlinger and Lee, the components and aims of a theory must initially be described and thenevaluated for potential use in practice, education, and research in a discipline.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theory2.ANS:TVariables are concepts that can change and contain a set of values that can be measured in a practice orresearch situation.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Variables3.ANS:FAlligood (2010) is the one who proposed it.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Practice4.ANS:TTheory, practice, and research are interrelated and interdependent. When we are selecting a theory on whichto base practice, the theory must be compatible and correspond to the phenomena of professional nursingpractice.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Theory5.ANS:FQuantum theory, based on quantum physics, uses statistical probabilities for the actions of atomic andsubatomic matter and waves, and has provided some of the basis for advances in technology.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Quantum theory6.ANS:TBarnum is the correct person.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Barnum7.ANS:TKerlinger and Lee defined the aims or purpose of theory as describing or explaining some phenomena ofinterest. In nursing, theory is further differentiated into levels that describe, explain, predict, and control.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Kerlinger and Lee

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Chapter 3. Evolution and Use of Formal Nursing KnowledgeMultiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.The author who wrote about the first ideas of what formal nursing knowledge consisted of was:A.NeumanB.NightingaleC.ParseD.Henderson____2.Which of the following can be interchanged with the termconceptual model?A.Conceptual frameworkB.ParadigmC.Conceptual systemD.All of the above____3.Which of the following systems is not part of King’s conceptual model that concentrates on individuals?A.Personal systemB.Interpersonal systemC.Coping systemD.Social system____4.Which of the following is not a subsystem of a behavioral system model?A.DespondencyB.AttachmentC.SexualD.All of the above____5.Which of the following does a nurse not examine to determine the existence of a problem?A.Information to the degree the behavior is purposeful, orderly, and predictable.B.Past and present family and patient behavioral system historiesC.Patient’s philosophies, medical goals, and family historyD.Information on structural components of a subsystem____6.Which of the following is not an element of a subsystem?A.ChoiceB.Diagnostic planC.Drive or goalD.Action____7.The components of the interaction-transaction process are:A.JudgmentB.ReactionC.PerceptionD.All of the aboveTrue/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.

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____1.Henderson maintained that the function of nursing is to help individuals, sick or well; to perform thoseactivities contributing to health or its recovery (or to peaceful death) that they would perform unaided if theyhad the necessary strength, will, or knowledge; and to do so in such a way as to help those individuals gainindependence as soon as possible.____2.Conceptual models of nursing clarify the realm of nursing responsibilities and accountability.____3.Roy’s adaptation model, Johnson’s behavioral system model, and Levine’s conceptual model are just some ofthe conceptual models of nursing recognized by the profession.____4.The two diagnostic classifications of problems are intersystem problems and internal subsystem problems.____5.Protection, medical diagnosis, and stimulation are the functional requirements necessary for each subsystem.____6.In Johnson’s behavioral system model, affiliative is the security needed for survival as well as socialinclusion, intimacy, and formation and maintenance of social bonds.____7.When nurses select a conceptual model or nursing theory for their professional practice it is important forthem to compare their own beliefs and values to the philosophical claims underlying the conceptual modelthey select.____8.Trophicognosis is a formulation of nursing care judgment arrived at by the deductive reasoning process.

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Chapter 3. Evolution and Use of Formal Nursing KnowledgeAnswer SectionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.ANS:BNightingale’s (1859) book,Notes on Nursing: What It Is, and What It Is Not,contains the first ideas that canbe considered formal nursing knowledge. According to Nightingale, nursing should signify the proper use offresh air, light, warmth, cleanliness, quiet, and the proper selection and administration of diet.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledge2.ANS:DThe termsconceptual model, conceptual framework, conceptual system,andparadigmare frequently usedinterchangeably and have the same definition and functions.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledge3.ANS:CKing’s conceptual model concentrates on individuals’ interactions within three open, dynamic, interactingsystems—the personal system, the interpersonal system, and the social system.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledge4.ANS:AIn Johnson’s conceptual model of nursing, the behavioral system model includes the subsystem ofdependency. Dependency is the succoring behavior that calls for a response of nurturance as well as approval,attention or recognition, and physical assistance.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledge5.ANS:CPast and present family and patient behavioral system histories do not fall within the domain of what a nurseshould examine to determine the existence of a problem.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledge6.ANS:BInstead of diagnostic plan, the fourth element of a subsystem is set, which is the individual’s predisposition toact in certain ways to fulfill the function of the subsystem.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledge7.ANS:DThe interaction-transaction process also includes action, disturbance, mutual goal setting, exploration ofmeans to achieve goals, agreement on means to achieve goals, attainment of goals, and transaction.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Evolution and formal nursing knowledgeTRUE/FALSE1.ANS:THenderson put his statements forth more than 100 years after Nightingale’s (1859) book,Notes on Nursing:What It Is, and What It Is Not.

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PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Nursing function2.ANS:TAconceptual modelis defined as a set of relatively abstract and general concepts that address the phenomenaof central interest to a discipline, the statements that broadly describe those concepts, and the statements thatassert relatively abstract and general relations between two or more of the concepts.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Conceptual models of nursing3.ANS:TThere are other conceptual models including King’s conceptual system, Levine’s conservation model, andOrmem’s self-care framework.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Conceptual models of nursing4.ANS:TIn internal subsystem problems, functional requirements are not met, inconsistency or disharmony among thestructural components of subsystems is evident, and/or the behavior is inappropriate in the ambient culture. Inintersystem problems, the entire behavioral system is dominated by one or two subsystems, or a conflict existsbetween two or more subsystems.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Diagnostic5.ANS:FThe three functional requirements are protection, nurturance, and stimulation.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Subsystem6.ANS:TThe termattachmentcan be used as an alternative to affiliative.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Affiliative7.ANS:TOne of the six steps that can help nurses select an appropriate conceptual model of nursing or nursing theoryis to identify their own beliefs and values related to the phenomena of interest to all nurses.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Select a conceptual model or nursing theory8.ANS:FIn trophicognosis, a nurse observes and collects data that will influence nursing practice, using appropriateassessment to establish an objective and scientific rationale for nursing practice. The nurse understands thebasis for the prescribed medical regimen, including the medical diagnosis, the medical history, and thelaboratory and x-ray examination reports, with specific reference to areas influencing the nursing care plan.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Trophicognosis

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Chapter 4. Health, Illness, and HolismMultiple ChoiceIdentify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.____1.Strategies for promoting and protecting a patient’s health differ from preventative strategies in that the:A.Latter strategies focus on the patient’s current health status and future prospects.B.Latter strategies focus on the prevention of illness to occur in the first place.C.Combination of strategies causes dissonance in the treatment plan.D.All of the above____2.A concept of health is determined by one’s:A.Health and medical historyB.Cultural background and medical historyC.Worldview and in-field practiceD.Worldview and philosophical assumptions____3.Which of the following is not one of the five theories of health that Benner and Wrubel have put forth abouthealth?A.Fulfilling social rolesB.An idealC.A communityD.A sense of coherence____4.Who was the author who defined high-level wellness for an individual as “an integrated method offunctioning which is oriented toward maximizing the potential of which the individual is capable [and]requires that the individual maintain a continuum of balance and purposeful direction within the environmentwhere he is functioning”?A.PenderB.GordonC.BeckerD.Dunn____5.The three major concepts that explain and predict health-related behaviors are modifying and enabling factors,readiness to undertake recommended compliance behavior, and:A.Adherence to and compliant with proscribed health behaviorsB.Change of communities; moving to a new localeC.Setting up a team of physicians to support oneD.None of the above____6.Which one of the three components in Pender’s health promotion model is described correctly?A.Individual characteristics and experiences include perceived benefits, perceived barriers,perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect interpersonal influences, and situationalinfluences.B.Behavior-specific cognitions and affect include prior related behavior and personal factors(biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors).C.The behavioral outcome is attainment of a positive health outcome through commitment tothe plan of action and competing demands and preferences.D.All of the above____7.Pender is associated with the:A.Chronic illness trajectory framework

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B.Health belief modelC.Transcultural assessment modelD.Health promotion model____8.Gordon’s 11 functional health patterns can be used as a valuable tool in:A.Determining transcultural differences for assessing a likely prognosisB.Nurse assessment and diagnosis processC.Creating a client-specific health promotion modelD.All of the above____9.An important component of Pender’s health promotion model and the chronic illness trajectory framework is:A.The patient’s state of healthB.Patient’s support system and medical historyC.The promotion and maintenance of wellnessD.Personal perceptions of the client____10.Which of the following competencies should a nurse already have when first entering a master’s degreeprogram?A.Advocate for social justice, including commitment to the health of vulnerable populations.B.Construct socially and empirically derived cultural knowledge of clients being served.C.Prioritize the social and cultural factors that affect health in delivering care in varyingcontexts.D.Conduct culturally competent scholarship that can be used in practice.True/FalseIndicate whether the statement is true or false.____1.The central concepts of cultural awareness, knowledge, skill, encounters, and desire relate to the culturalcompetence in the delivery of health-care services model developed by Giger and Davidhizar.____2.Nurses have a primary responsibility in health promotion, health maintenance, and prevention activities.____3.Acupuncture, homeopathy, and herbalism are not examples of complementary medicine.____4.A nurse’s role is guided by the theoretical framework on which it is based.____5.The individuals who set goals in King’s theory of goal attainment are the nurse in consultation with thetreating physician.

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Chapter 4. Health, Illness, and HolismAnswer SectionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.ANS:BPromoting and protecting a patient’s health refers to the one’s current state.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism2.ANS:DHealth is a condition we seek, promote, and hope to maintain. Health is more than the absence of illness, orinfirmity. A multidimensional construct of health is determined by the individual’s worldview andphilosophical assumptions.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism3.ANS:CIn addition to fulfilling social roles, an ideal, and a sense of coherence, Benner and Wrubel also addresshuman potential and a sense of coherence.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism4.ANS:DDunn developed his model of high-level wellness starting with the 1947 definition ofhealthfrom the WorldHealth Organization that emphasized physical, mental, and social well-being. He stressed that well-beingincludes the positive, dynamic, and unique integration of mind, body, and spirit of the individual within his orher environment, including work, family, community, and society.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism5.ANS:AThe health belief model was designed as an organizing framework to advance health promotion activities bytargeting interventions on certain individual variables.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism6.ANS:CPender’s health promotion model is a schematic representation with three components for health-promotingbehaviors: individual characteristics and experiences, prior related behavior, and personal factors.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism7.ANS:DPender’s health promotion model is a schematic representation with three components for health-promotingbehaviors. Individual characteristics and experiences include prior related behavior and personal factors(biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors). Behavior-specific cognitions and affect includeperceived benefits, perceived barriers, perceived self-efficacy, activity-related affect interpersonal influences,and situational influences. The behavioral outcome is attainment of a positive health outcome throughcommitment to the plan of action and competing demands and preferences.PTS:1DIF:Level 1TOP:Health, illness, holism8.ANS:B

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