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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Document preview page 1

CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 1

Document preview content for CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020)

CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020)

CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) is your go-to guide for passing the exam, covering critical concepts, solved problems, and exam-style questions.

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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 1 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamDetail the arterial and venous circulation of the kidneys and explain the role of the vasa recta andperitubular capillaries.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 2 preview image
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 3 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseThe kidneys receive up to 25% of resting cardiac output. These highly vascular organs process an average of 1000ml/min of blood. Circulation to each kidney begins with the renal artery, which branches from the abdominalaorta. The renal artery divides into interlobar arteries, which in turn supply the arcuate arteries. Interlobulararteries branch from the arcuates and further divide into afferent arterioles, which then become glomerularcapillaries. The glomerular capillaries then merge to form efferent arterioles that disperse into vasa recta andperitubular capillaries.·The vasa recta (straight arterioles) and their branches surround the loops of Henle of the juxtamedullarynephrons in the renal medulla, where they function to maintain the concentration gradient of the urine.·The tiny peritubular capillaries lie adjacent to the nephrons permitting tubular secretion andreabsorption to take place.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 4 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamDescribe in detail the functions of a normal kidney.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 5 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseNormal kidneys perform several functions including the following:·Excretion of waste products of metabolism, including urea, uric acid, and water·Maintenance of acid/base balance (pH)·Regulation of plasma volume and blood pressure·Maintenance of electrolyte balance·Production (synthesis) of hormones, including erythropoietin (which stimulates erythrocyte productionin response to low levels of O2),renin (which regulates aldosterone), and calcitriol (which promotes theabsorption of calcium)·Reception of hormones, including antidiuretic hormone (ADH) produced by the pituitary, which enhanceswater reabsorption; aldosterone (from the adrenal cortex), which causes the kidneys to retain water andsodium (increasing the b/p); and parathyroid hormone (produced by the parathyroid glands), whichincreases the calcium: phosphate ratio and results in an increase in calcium in the blood.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 6 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamDefine and list the five stages of chronic kidney disease.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 7 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseStage I—Glomerular filtration rate > 90 ml/min/1.73 m2Stage II—Glomerular filtration ratebetween 60 – 90 ml/min/1.73 m2Stage III—Glomerular filtration ratebetween 30 – 60 ml/min/1.73 m2Stage IV—Glomerular filtration ratebetween 15 – 30 ml/min/1.73 m2Stage V—Glomerular filtration rate<15 ml/min/1.73 m2(needs dialysis)
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 8 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamDefine chronic kidney disease.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 9 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseAccording to the National Kidney Foundation, chronic kidney disease is defined as those patients with glomerularfiltration rates of less than 60 ml/min/1.73 m2for greater than 3 months.The reasoning behind this is that at a GFR of less than 60, approximately half of the nephrons have been damaged.This is also the GFR where manifestations of chronic kidney disease begin to manifest including anemia, early bonedisease, and establishes an increased risk for coronary artery disease.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 10 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamList the major risk factors for chronic kidney disease.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 11 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseThe major risk factors for chronic kidney disease include:·diabetes mellitus·hypertension·hyperlipidemia·smokingThese are preventable and very treatable causes of both initiating and progressing kidney disease. They are alsothe most widely prevalent and present the greatest risk to public health.Other less common risk factors include:·autoimmune diseases (chiefly systemic lupus erythematosus)·chronic urinary tract infections·age, renal stones·systemic infections·family history
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 12 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamScreening for CKD is necessary for any patient considered in the high-risk category. Explain theAmerican Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for screening and discuss other groups thatshould be evaluated. Describe the tests used to detect abnormal kidney function.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 13 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseKidney function and an evaluation of proteinuria are both important in assessing a patient for CKD. Since diabeticsare at high risk for developing CKD, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommends that all patientsdiagnosed with type 2 diabetes be tested for microalbuminuria at the time of diagnosis. Type 1 diabetics should betested 5 years after the initial evaluation. Any patient with hypertension or heart disease or who is in any otherhigh-risk group should have routine examinations for kidney involvement. The dipstick test for albumin and bloodcells is the first step in analyzing the patient for kidney disease. If positive for albumin, the next step is a protein-creatinine ratio test. If the dipstick is positive for blood or white cells, a more comprehensive microscopic analysisneeds to be done.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 14 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamDescribe how metabolic acidosis occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 15 preview imageConcepts of Kidney DiseaseThe kidneys are involved in excreting broken down proteins. Proteins break down into their component parts,which are amino acids. Amino acids are, in fact, acids. They are largely buffered in the bloodstream via thepresence of the ubiquitous base bicarbonate. When renal failure ensues, the ability to excrete amino acids ishindered. With amino acid build up, the bicarbonate buffer is also exhausted. Therefore, the amino acid build upcontributes to the acidosis present in all patients with chronic kidney disease. Renal replacement therapy withappropriate dialysate solutions aids in eliminating the acidosis.Thus, before each dialysis treatment patients are acidotic. Following dialysis, patients should ideally return toneutrality or a pH of 7.4.
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CNN Exam Flashcard Study System: CNN Test Practice Questions and Review for the Certified Nephrology Nurse Exam (2020) - Page 16 preview imageConcepts of Kidney Disease© Mometrix Media - flashcardsecrets.com/cnnCNN ExamList the most common genetic diseases that can cause chronic renal disease.
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