Fundamentals of Nursing Care Concepts, Connections

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OjWHforFundamentalsof Nursing CareChapter 1Concepts, Connections & SkillsHistory of Nursing■Ancient history• 1000 AD—Nursing provided by the family,and priests• Salerno, Italy—Allowed women to study midwifery■Christianity• Convents trained people to care for the sick• Deaconesses were the first public health nurses■Eighteenth and nineteenth centuries• "Sairey Gamps": Poor and the low class thatcared for the sick

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History of Nursing: Rise of Modern Nursing■1836: First school of nursing• Kaiserworth deaconesses• Founder: Pastor Theodore Fliedner■Florence Nightingale■1897•Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States,Baltimore, Maryland: Oversaw nurses to protectpatients from incompetent nurses■Early twentieth century• States begin to require licensure of nurses• Requirements for entering nursing school wereestablished• TheAmerican Journal of Nursingwas published• 1892: First training program for practical nursesYoung Women's Christian Association (YWCA)-Established to meet the need for educated bedsidenurses~ The program was 3 months long-Focused on homemaking skills and caring for the sick

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Women Who Molded Nursing History■Clara Barton: First President of the Red CrossAssociation■Dorothea Dix: Activist for better mental healthcare■Florence Nightingale: First nursing theoriststarted the Nightingale School of Nursing■Mary Mahoney: First African American nursein the United States■Linda Richards: First "trained nurse" in the US.Founder of modern nurse's notes■Isabel Hampton Robb: Activist for nursingreform in the late 1800s. Established 12-hourshifts with meal breaks for nurses. Worked forlicensure examinations and nursingregistration■Mary Adelaide Nutting, Lillian Wald, AnnieGoodrich: Made great strides in nursingeducation and community health nursing

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Options for Entering Nursing■Licensed practical/vocational nurse(LPN/LVN) the LVN term is used in Californiaand Texas only• Education: Ranges from 9 months to 2 years.Licensure: NCLEX-PN™■Associate degree nurse (ADN)• Education: Degreed nurse with minimum of 2 yearseducation at a college.Licensure: NCLEX-RN™■Diploma program nurse• Education: Educated in a hospital-based nursingeducation program.Licensure: NCLEX-RN™■Baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN)• Education: A 4-year college degree from auniversity•Licensure: NCLEX-RN™

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Nurse Practice Act and Scope of Practice■All nurses are responsible for knowing theirown scope of practice■Every state has anurse practice act, ora lawgoverning nurses' actions• The nurse practice act in each state establishes thescope of practice for each level of nursing based oneducational preparation■The Board of Nursing in each state determinesand enforces the contents of the nurse practiceact■Safety: It is your responsibility to know thecontent of the nurse practice act in your stateregarding your scope of practice and to followit faithfully

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