Fundamentals of Nursing Care Concepts, Connections

Covers nursing history, scope of practice, education paths, professionalism, key theorists, Dr. Jean Watson’s caring theory, and QSEN patient-centered care focus.

Alice Edwards
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OjWHforFundamentalsof Nursing CareChapter 1Concepts, Connections & SkillsHistory of NursingAncient history• 1000 AD—Nursing provided by the family,and priests• Salerno, Italy—Allowed women to study midwiferyChristianity• Convents trained people to care for the sick• Deaconesses were the first public health nursesEighteenth and nineteenth centuries• "Sairey Gamps": Poor and the low class thatcared for the sick

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History of Nursing: Rise of Modern Nursing1836: First school of nursing• Kaiserworth deaconesses• Founder: Pastor Theodore FliednerFlorence Nightingale1897Nurses Associated Alumnae of the United States,Baltimore, Maryland: Oversaw nurses to protectpatients from incompetent nursesEarly twentieth century• States begin to require licensure of nurses• Requirements for entering nursing school wereestablished• TheAmerican Journal of Nursingwas published• 1892: First training program for practical nursesYoung Women's Christian Association (YWCA)-Established to meet the need for educated bedsidenurses~ The program was 3 months long-Focused on homemaking skills and caring for the sick

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Women Who Molded Nursing HistoryClara Barton: First President of the Red CrossAssociationDorothea Dix: Activist for better mental healthcareFlorence Nightingale: First nursing theoriststarted the Nightingale School of NursingMary Mahoney: First African American nursein the United StatesLinda Richards: First "trained nurse" in the US.Founder of modern nurse's notesIsabel Hampton Robb: Activist for nursingreform in the late 1800s. Established 12-hourshifts with meal breaks for nurses. Worked forlicensure examinations and nursingregistrationMary Adelaide Nutting, Lillian Wald, AnnieGoodrich: Made great strides in nursingeducation and community health nursing

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Options for Entering NursingLicensed practical/vocational nurse(LPN/LVN) the LVN term is used in Californiaand Texas only• Education: Ranges from 9 months to 2 years.Licensure: NCLEX-PN™Associate degree nurse (ADN)• Education: Degreed nurse with minimum of 2 yearseducation at a college.Licensure: NCLEX-RN™Diploma program nurse• Education: Educated in a hospital-based nursingeducation program.Licensure: NCLEX-RN™Baccalaureate degree nurse (BSN)• Education: A 4-year college degree from auniversityLicensure: NCLEX-RN™

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Nurse Practice Act and Scope of PracticeAll nurses are responsible for knowing theirown scope of practiceEvery state has anurse practice act, ora lawgoverning nurses' actions• The nurse practice act in each state establishes thescope of practice for each level of nursing based oneducational preparationThe Board of Nursing in each state determinesand enforces the contents of the nurse practiceactSafety: It is your responsibility to know thecontent of the nurse practice act in your stateregarding your scope of practice and to followit faithfully
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