New Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 4 with Answers (85 Solved Questions)

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NEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGYMODULE 4QUESTIONS ANDANSWERSHypertension--answer--most often patients are asymptomatic-headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced-most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60million AmericansTherapy options for Hypertension (4)--answer--Diuretics-B adrenergic-Blocking Agents-Calcium Channel Blockers-Angiotensin Converting Enzyme InhibitorsDiuretics--answer--Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension-Worksby promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases bloodvolume and pressureWhat are the two major types of diuretics--answer-Thiazide diureticsloop diureticsThiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used)--answer--Hydrochlorothiazide(HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension-frequently associated with xerostomia-must avoid orthostatic hypotensionLoop diuretics (what is most commonly used)--answer--Fluosemide (Lasix) is mostcommon loop diuretic-Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHFB-Adrenergic Blocking Agents--answer--lower blood pressure primarily by decreasingcardiac output-considered the second line therapyExamples of B-Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2)--answer--Propranolo (Interpol)-Metaprolo (Lopressor)What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B-blockers such as propranolol are givenepinephrine--answer-May have a two to four fold increase in vasodepressor response-Use caution with Epinephrine-neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine shouldbe used.Calcium Channel Blockers--answer-Works by producing systemic vasodilation byblocking vasoconstriction in smooth muscle of blood vesselsEffects not reduced by NSAIDS

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What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS--answer-Calcium channel blockersCommon oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers--answer-Xerostomiagingival enlargementCommon calcium channel blocking agents--answer--Cardizem (Dilitiazem)-Norvasc (Amylodipine)-Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan)-Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat)Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE)--answer-Blood pressure is loweredwhen these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causesdilation)Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6)--answer-HypertensionAnginaHeart attackCongestive heart failureArrhythmiasCerebrovascular accidentWhat is the leading cause of death in the US--answer-Cardiovascular diseasesCardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5)--answer-Acute myocardialinfarction (w/in the preceding 3-6 mo)Unstable (or recent onset) anginaUncontrolled congestive heartfailureUncontrolled arrhythmiasSignificant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110)Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3)--answer-Congestive heart failureAnginahypertensionWhat is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how?--answer-DigitalisGlycosidesIncreases contractile strengthWhat is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF--answer-Digoxin (lanoxin)What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics--answer-Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias,so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution

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