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New Portage Learning NURS251 Pharmacology Module 4 with Answers (85 Solved Questions)

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    NEW PORTAGE LEARNING NURS 251 PHARMACOLOGY MODULE 4 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Hypertension - - answer -- most often patients are asymptomatic - headache, visual changes, and dizziness are experienced - most common of all cardiovascular diseases affecting 60 million Americans Therapy options for Hypertension (4) - - answer -- Diuretics - B adrenergic - Blocking Agents - Calcium Channel Blockers - Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors Diuretics - - answer -- Considered first line of therapy fro hypertension - Works by promoting excretion of sodium and water which in turn decreases blood volume and pressure What are the two major types of diuretics - - answer - Thiazide diuretics loop diuretics Thiazide diuretics (what is the most commonly used) - - answer -- Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) (most commonly used thiazide) for hypertension - frequently associated with xerostomia - must avoid orthostatic hypotension Loop diuretics (what is most commonly used) - - answer -- Fluosemide (Lasix) is most common loop diuretic - Used I the management of hypertensive patients with CHF B - Adrenergic Blocking Agents - - answer -- lower blood pressure primarily by decreasing cardiac output - considered the second line therapy Examples of B - Adrenergic Blocking Agents (2) - - answer -- Propranolo (Interpol) - Metaprolo (Lopressor) What will happen if patients taking nonspecific B - blockers such as propranolol are given epinephrine - - answer - May have a two to four fold increase in vas odepressor response - Use caution with Epinephrine - neither gingival retraction cord containing epinephrine nor 1:50,000 epinephrine should be used. Calcium Channel Blockers - - answer - Works by producing systemic vasodilation by blocking vasoconstriction i n smooth muscle of blood vessels Effects not reduced by NSAIDS

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    What is one of the few antihypertensive agent whose effect is not reduced by NSAIDS - - answer - Calcium channel blockers Common oral manifestations of calcium channel blockers - - answer - Xerosto mia gingival enlargement Common calcium channel blocking agents - - answer -- Cardizem (Dilitiazem) - Norvasc (Amylodipine) - Verapamil (Isoptin, Calan) - Nifedipine (Procardia, Adalat) Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors (ACE) - - answer - Blood pressure is lowered when these drugs block the conversion of Angiotensin I and Angiotensin II (causes dilation) Cardiovascular diseases include.. (6) - - answer - Hypertension Angina Heart attack Congestive heart failure Arrhythmias Cerebrovascular accident What is th e leading cause of death in the US - - answer - Cardiovascular diseases Cardiovascular Contraindications to dental treatment (5) - - answer - Acute myocardial infarction (w/in the preceding 3 - 6 mo) Unstable (or recent onset) angina Uncontrolled congestive heart failure Uncontrolled arrhythmias Significant uncontrolled hypertension (180/110) Cardiovascular drugs are used to treat (3) - - answer - Congestive heart failure Angina hypertension What is the most common type of drug used to treat CHF and how? - - answer - Digitalis Glycosides Increases contractile strength What is the most commonly used product (Digitalis Glycosides) to treat CHF - - answer - Digoxin (lanoxin) What happens when Digoxin are used in combination with sympathomimetics - - answer - Can lead to cardiac arrhythmias, so vasoconstrictors added to local anesthetics should be used with caution

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