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Solution Manual For Gerontological Nursing, 8th Edition

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    Assignments, Chapter 1, The Aging Population Written Assignment Learning Objective Interview an older adult that fits within the baby boomer or traditional generation, and answer the following questions: 1. What is the “age identity” of the person you interviewed? 2. How have the contributions of these generations allowed us to enjoy our lives today? 3. What do you see as differences and similarities compared with your generation? 4. How will these differences and similarities impact how you deliver care? 5. What do you think future generations will offer to our history? 1, 3 Group Assignment Learning Objective Review information related to the baby boomer generation. 1. What can we as nurses expect from this cohort as they seek medical care? 2. What are their beliefs? 3. What are some ways we can best prepare to care for them? Share your findings with the group in a discussion format. 2 Clinical Assignment Learning Objective Each student will choose one area (listed below) related to the older adult population to report on. This verbal report is to include the significance of the issue, current trends, and interventions that can be utilized by the nurse to address specific needs and how we can assist the older adult through the transitions.  Life expectancy  Marital status  Living arrangements  Geographic distribution  Income and employment  Education  Health issues 2 Web Assignment Learning Objective As our population ages, many of our older adults will find themselves in a financial quandary. Research a program on the Internet related to economic assistance or revenue - producing programs available for older adults. Provide the web site used for your information and answer the following questions:  Provide a brief description of the program...is it local, county, state, or federal?  What are the requirements to enroll in the programs?  How is this program funded? 3

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     How will this support the older adult throughout their “golden years”?  How might this affect health care for the future? Note: Unless noted, references are from text chapter.

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    Assignments , Chapter 2 , Theories of Aging Written Assignment Learning Objective Review the chapter. Upon completion, e ach student is to write a brief paper highlighting the following areas: 1. What are your personal beliefs on aging? 2. What factors do you personally believe influence how we age ? 3. How do you believe we, as a profession , incorporate the theories of aging into our practice...patient teaching? 4. Do you agree more with n onstochastic theories of aging or s tochastic theories of aging, and why? 1 Group Assignment Learning Objectives Students will break into four groups. Each group will focus on theories of aging. Upon investigation of the various theories of aging:  E ach group will provide a brief synopsis of each theory in a given category.  Each group will then choose one of the theories investigated and present the implications for nursing. Group 1: Discuss s tochastic t heories, and the implication in nursing Group 2: Discuss n onstochastic t heories, and the implication in nursing Group 3: Discuss s ociological t heories, and the implication in nursing Group 4: Discuss p hysiological t heories, and the implication in nursing 2 , 3 Clinical Assignment Learning Objectives Develop a wellness seminar for an older adult population. Consider the topic of “ h ealthy a ging. ”  What will you include as part of this topic?  Describe in each presentation factors that promote healthy aging.  Using a biological and psychosocial theory, incorporate at least one of each type in your presentation. 2, 3, 4 Web Assignment Learning Objectives Students will complete a Google I nternet search utilizing the term a ntiaging . Answer the following questions: 1. What topics did you find on the first page of your search? 2. What items are listed to purport aging? 3. What factual information did you find? 4. What fallacies did you find? 5. How can we protect our patients from false claims? 1, 4 Note: Unless noted, references are from text chapter.

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    Assignments , Chapter 3 , Diversity Written Assignments Learning Objective The older population in the United States is becoming more ethnically and racially diverse. In addition to racial and ethnic diversity, there will be growing numbers of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender persons entering their senior years who will present a unique set of challenges. The growing diversity of the older population presents challenges for gerontological nursing in providing culturally competent care. Essential to the provision of culturally competent care is an understanding of:  T he experi ences of individuals of similar ethnic or racial background  B eliefs, values, traditions, and practices of various ethnic and racial groups  U nique health - related needs, experiences, and risks of various ethnic and racial groups and persons of similar sexual orientation  O ne’s own attitudes and beliefs toward people of various ethnic and racial groups and persons of similar sexual orientation, as well as those attitudes of co - practitioners  L anguage barriers that can affect the ability of patients to communicate health - related information, understand instructions, provide informed consent, and fully participate in their care Your assignment is to write a paper choosing one of the following groups of older adults and address how you will provide cultural care for this group or the individual .  Hispanic Americans  Black Americans  Asian Americans  Jewish Americans  Native Americans  Gay, l esbian, b isexual, t ransgender  Older p risoners 1 Group Assignment Learning Objective Complete a windshield assessment of your community. Choose one ethnic group and complete an assessment of the following:  P hysical environment  E ducation  S afety and transportation 2

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     P olitics and government  H ealth and social services  C ommunication  E conomics  R ecreation  S pecial ethnic - specific amenities Did you find services to be adequate for the group you were assessing? What can your community do to improve accessibility to required services? What can we do to provide the appropriate services to the community? Report your findings to your class. Clinical Assignment Learning Objective Review your clinical site ’ s cultural assessment for the patients they serve. If your facility does not have one, utilize the following tool to assist you in learning about your clients ’ needs: TransCultural Nursing Assessment Date _______ Time ______ Pt Initials ________ Age ______ M F Medical d iagnosis: ______________________________________________ _____ _________________________ ___________________ ___________ __ _ Communicatio n: L anguage, voice quality, pronunciation, use of silence and nonverbals. Subjective - Can you speak English? YES NO Can you read English? YES NO Are you able to read lips? YES NO Native Language? ____________________ Do you sp eak or read any other language? ______________________________ How do you want to be addressed? Mr. Mrs. Ms First Name Nick Name__________________ Objective - How would you characterize the nonverbal communication style? ______ ________________________________________________________ _ Eye contact - Direct Peripheral gaze or no eye contact Use of interpreter Fami ly Friend Professional Other None Verbally loud and expressive. Quiet, reserved use of silence Meaning of common signs: List and describe: 3

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    ______________________________________________________________ __ Determine any familial colloquialisms used by individuals or families that may impact on assessment, treatment or other interventions. ______________________________________________________________ __ ___________________________________________ ___________________ __ Social Orientation - cultural, ethnicity, family role function, work leisure, church, and friends. Subjective - Country of birth? ____________________ Years in this country ___________ What setting did you grow up in -- urban suburban rural What is your ethnic identity? ___________ _____________________________ Who are the major support people: 0family members 0friends 0other _________________________________ Who are the dominant family members? _________________________ ______ Who makes major decisions for the family? _______________________ _____ Occupation in native co untry____________ Present Occupation____________________ Education ________________________________ ______________________ _ Is religion important to you? ______________ __________________________ What is your religion affiliation? __________ would you like a Chaplain visit? Y N Any cultural/religious practices/restrictions? If yes describe __________ ____ ______________________________________________________________ _ Objective - Interaction with family \ significant other - describe __________________ _____ ______________________________________________________________ __ Age and life cycle factors must be considered in interactions with individuals and families( e.g. high value placed on the decision of elders, the role of eldest male or female in families, or roles and expectation of children within the family).

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    _______________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __ Religious icons on person or in room ? ________________________________ Space - comfort in conversation, proximity to others, body movement, perception of space. Subjective - Do you have any plans for the future? _________________________ ________ What do you consider a proper greeting? ______________________ ________ Objective - Tactile relationships, affectionate & embracing. Non - contact Personal space? _________________________________________ _________ Biological Variations - skin color, body structure, genetic and enzymatic patterns, nutritional preferences and deficiencies. Subjective - What type of food do you prefer? ____________________________ ________ What type of food to you dislike? ____________________________________ W hat do you believe promotes health? ________________________________ Family h istory of disease? ________________________________ __________ Objective - Skin color ______________________ Hair type _______________________ Environmental Control - health practices, values, definitions of health and illness. Subjective - What do you think caused your problem? ______________________ ________ Do you have an explanation for why it started when it did? _____ _____

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    _____ What does your sickness do to you; how does it work? ______ ____________ How severe is your sickness? How long do you expect it to last? ____________________________________ __________________________ _ What problems has your sickness caused you? __________________________ What do you fear about your sickness? ________________________________ What kind of treatment do you think you should receive?__________________ What are the most important results you hope to receive from this treatment?____________________________ __________________________ _ ______________________________________________________________ __ What are the health and illness beliefs and practices of the family? _______ ___ ______________________________________________________________ __ What are the most important things you do to keep healthy? _______________ ______________________________________________________________ __ Any concerns about health and illness? ________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __ What types of healing practices do you engage in (hot tea and lemon for cold, copper bracelet for arthritis, magnets) ? ________________________________ _________________________________________________________ _____ __ Objective - Described patients appearance and surroundings _________________________________________________ _____________ _ What diseases/disorders are endemic to the culture or country of origin? _______________________________ _______________________________ _ What are the customs and beliefs concerning major life events? ______________________________________ ________________________ _

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    Time - use of measures, definitions, social and work time, time orientation -- past, present, and future. Subjective - Preventive health measures ? Y N Objective - Time orientation Present Past Reference: Fernandez, V. & Fernandez, K. TransCultural Nursing Assessment. (2012). Retrieved October 7, 2012 from http://www.culturediversity.org/assmtform.htm Web Assignment Learning Objective The older population in the United States is becoming more ethnically and racially diverse. In review of the profession of nursing , the question remains...Are we , as a profession , keeping up with ethnic and racial diversity to best care for the populations we serve? Review the article : Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health: A Nursing Student’s Perspective http://www.nsna.org/Portals/0/Skins/NSNA/pdf/Imprint_AprMay09_BTN.PDF The authors define five ways in which students can "motivate, encourage and demand change in the very communities that we live ." Utilizing each aspect found , please list methods in which you can improve the disparities found in your community. 3 Note: References are from course text unless otherwise noted.

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    Assignments , Chapter 4 , Life Transitions and Story Written Assignment Learning Objectives Ageism is a concept introduced decades ago and defined as “the prejudices and stereotypes that are applied to older people sheerly on the basis of their age …” (Butler, Lewis, & Sutherland, 1991). 1. What are some common misconceptions you have heard or believed about older adults? 2. What can you do to dispel these myths? 3. What are some of the consequences of ageism? 1, 7 Group Assignment Learning Objectives Form small groups. Each group will review a family role and/or relationship and interact and role - play before the remaining groups related to their topic. Each group is to assess the dynamics and identify the role or relationship. Upon conclusion the groups will share their feelings and nursing implications of each role. Randomly select from the following: Parenting Grandparenting Loss of spouse Retirement 2, 3, 4 Clinical Assignments Learning Objective 1. Utilize the nursing diagnosis of ineffective role performance for your client who has been recently retired. Ineffectiveness in role performance exists when there is a change in the perception or performance of a role. This can be associated with a physical, emotional, intellectual, motivational, educational, or socioeconomic limitation in the ability to fill the role, or restrictions in role performance imposed by others. There can be considerable distress, depression, or anger at not fulfilling the accust omed role and its associated responsibilities. List some nursing interventions that can be utilized for this diagnosis. 4 2. To assist your patient with life transitions, complete a project based on life review/life story. Gain permission from the patient and assist him or her in to recording his or her story for future generations. This can be accomplished through video, story book, or a written document. 6 Web Assignment Learning Objective

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    Many of the changes associated with aging result in loss of social connections and increasing risk of loneliness. What facilities can you find in your local area to offer to your clients to improve socialization and decrease the risk of loneliness? Your assignment is to investigate on the Internet alternatives for loneliness such as senior centers. Provide information regarding the site name, web address, cost, type of facility, and benefit to your patient. 5

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    Assignments , Chapter 5 , Common Aging Changes Written Assignment Learning Objectives Each student is to prepare a pamphlet on one aspect of the normal change of aging. Inclusive in the design will be: 1. What is considered normal. 2. What constitutes a n abnormal change and when to seek health care provider care. 3. Interventions to improve/reduce the risk of adverse effects. 1, 2, 3 Group Assignment Learning Objectives An understanding of common aging changes is essential to ensure competent gerontological nursing practice. Break into small groups. Invite older adults and middle age adults and assure there are “ traditional ” students in the class. Compare and contrast the changes of aging within each cohort.  What are your findings?  What are some ways that you can prevent or delay the consequences of aging? Share your observations and interventions for healthful aging with your class. 2, 3 Clinical Assignment Learning Objective Each student will develop a concept map to use as a study guide and reference sheet that highlights the normal changes of aging. The concept map will address the following:  Cellular c hanges  Physical a ppearance  Neurological ( n ervous) s ystem  Respiratory s ystem  Cardiovascular s ystem  Gastrointestinal s ystem  Urinary s ystem  Reproductive s ystem  Musculoskeletal s ystem  Sensory o rgans  Endocrine s ystem  Integumentary s ystem 1 Web Assignment Learning Objectives Students will access the Try this Series http://consultgerirn.org/ Search the term “ respiratory. ” 1. What resources are available to you as a g eriatric n urse? 1, 2, 3

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    2. Report to your class on one of your findings on the site, to include the applicability of your findings in practice.

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    Assignments , Chapter 6 , The Specialty of Gerontological Nursing Written Assignment Learning Objectives In the past few decades, the specialty of gerontological nursing has experienced profound growth. Along with the growth of the specialty, there has been a heightened awareness of the complexity of gerontological nursing utilizing the nursing metaparadigm shown below. Investigate your own personal philosophy of older adult nursing exploring the following concepts: 1. Person 2. Environment 3. Health 4. Nursing Reference: Metapradigm in N ursing. (2012). Nursing t heories: T heoretical m odels and f rameworks of n ursing. Retrieved October 8, 2012 from http://nursingtheories.info/metaparadigm - in - nursing/ 3, 4, 5 Group Assignment Learning Objectives

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     Complete a timeline of significant strides taken in gerontological nursing.  Identify key points/achievements in our history.  P roject the future gerontological nursing , including new opportunities for our profession.  Discuss your work with the class. 1, 5 Clinical Assignment Learning Objective Each student will present to the clinical group a research report related to gerontological care/best practice Guidelines for Research Report: “Evidence - Based Practice” Each student will report on current nursing or allied health research (within the past 2 years) that is applicable to the older adult. Evidence - based practice is an approach to health care that allows clinicians to utilize sound research data and incorporate findings into clinical practice. This is an ORAL report to be presented in a po st clinical conference as per the clinical schedule. Each report is to be no t more than a 5 - minute presentation. The referenced article you use is to be turned (with your name) to your clinical faculty . The following areas are to be addressed in your presentation: 1. What was the clinical problem that was studied? 2. What was the purpose of the study? 3. What was the research design and method? 2

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