Test Bank For Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, And Management, 7th Edition

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Chapter 01: The Evolution of Professional NursingCherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7thEditionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Clara Barton is known for:a.becoming the first black public health nurse.b.establishing the Henry Street Settlement.c.founding the American Red Cross.d.publicizing the inadequacies of hospital-based nursing schools.ANS:CThe American Red Cross, founded by Clara Barton in 1882, assisted in efforts to continuepublic health nursing.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 112.Students are assigned to write to their state leaders about an issue affecting their community.One student writes about the need among rural community for greater access to acute careservices. Which of the following pieces of legislation should the student use as a reference?a.Social Security Actb.Hill-Burton Actc.Sheppard-Towner Actd.U.S. Civil Service ActANS:BThe purpose of the Hill-Burton Act was to provide funding to construct hospitals and to helpstates in plan for other health care facilities in accordance with the needs of communities.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 133.The practice of public health nursing and the Henry Street Settlement are credited to:a.Mary Breckenridge.b.Mary Seacole.c.Clara Barton.d.Lillian Wald.ANS:DLillian Wald, a pioneer in public health nursing, is best known for the development andestablishment of the Henry Street Settlement.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 64.Occupational health nursing features beliefs similar to those of which early nursing pioneer?a.Lillian Waldb.Florence Nightingalec.Clara Bartond.Mary SeacoleANS:A

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Lillian Wald developed the first nursing service for occupational health.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 105.What historical eventfirstled to the recognition of the contribution of blacks to nursing?a.Florence Nightingale’s acceptance of black nurses into the first nursing schoolb.The contributions of black nurses at the Pennsylvania Hospital, the first hospital inAmericac.Mary Seacole’s efforts to care for soldiers during the Crimean Ward.The work done by wives of wealthy black nobles who carried food and medicinefrom house to house during the Middle AgesANS:CAlthough Nightingale’s school refused Seacole, she was able to make a difference in theCrimean War and later was recognized for her efforts.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 8-96.World War I contributed to the advancement of health care by:a.increasing the number of private care hospitals and decreasing the role of publichealth services.b.employing a large number of civilians to provide care to returning soldiers throughthe Red Cross.c.introducing specialists in nursing such as nurse anesthetists.d.increasing the number of community health nurses.ANS:CWorld War I offered nurses a chance to enter into new fields of specialization, as is seen in theexample of nurse anesthetists, who became part of surgical teams at the front lines.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 117.Theprimarypurpose of the Social Security Act of 1935 was to:a.increase research that focused on minority groups.b.provide medical care for chemically impaired persons.c.ensure health care for older adults through a national insurance system.d.decrease the public’s financial burden by limiting services offered by local healthdepartments.ANS:CBy providing health insurance for older adults, the Social Security Act of 1935 set theprecedent for the passage of the Medicare and Medicaid Acts that followed in 1965, but theact also provided maternal and child welfare services, rehabilitation for the mentally andphysically challenged, medical care for blind individuals and crippled children, andunemployment benefits.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 128.A client asks the nurse, “Can you explain Medicare, an amendment to the Social SecurityAct?” The nurse responds that Medicare:a.led to many hospital closings, along with a decrease in acute care hospital–basednursing care.

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b.provided medical insurance to those younger adults or children who were noteligible for private insurance because of catastrophic illnesses such as cancer.c.provided preventive care for women, infants, and children.d.ensured that individuals ages 65 and older and those with end-stage renal diseaseor permanent disabilities had health care insurance.ANS:DThe Medicare program provides hospital insurance, Part A, and medical insurance, Part B, toall people ages 65 and older who are eligible to receive Social Security benefits; people withtotal, permanent disabilities; and people with end-stage renal disease.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 149.A comparison of nursing in the 1980s to nursing in the 1990s reveals that:a.in the 1990s nursing experienced a significant reduction occurred in preventablediseases caused by unsafe/unhealthy lifestyles.b.tuberculosis was the primary concern for nursing in the 1980s, whereas the AIDSepidemic emerged and was its focus during the 1990s.c.a decrease in ambulatory services in the 1980s prompted an increase in publichealth nurses in the 1990s.d.the demand for advanced practice nurses increased in the 1980s and the 1990s as aresult of the economy and concern about the health of the nation.ANS:DThe numbers of advanced nurse practitioners increased as evidence of their cost-effectivenessas providers of primary and preventive health care became established.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 16-1710.Which statement accurately describes the historical perspective of nursing practice?a.Nursing has existed to meet the needs of populations, individuals, and aggregatesby providing care that is determined by the needs and beliefs of society in differenthistorical contexts.b.As men began to become interested in nursing, it changed into a respectedprofession based on scientific fact rather than superstition.c.Nursing has historically accepted individuals from all social and ethnicbackgrounds.d.The United States has led the way throughout history to advance nursing andhealth care by providing the first hospital and medical school.ANS:ANursing has existed since biblical times to address needs ranging from contagious diseases inearly times to health prevention in the present time, with care based on health needs andbeliefs of the time.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 3 |pp. 18-1911.The use of herbs has become a popular alternative to prescription drugs in today’s health caremilieu. During which other historical periods did health practices focus on the use of herbs?a.Prehistoric times and the Middle Agesb.Civil War period and World War I

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c.Renaissance and Reformation periods and the Colonial American periodd.Crimean War and Civil War periodsANS:ADuring prehistoric times, tribes used herbs to rid themselves of disease; in the Middle Ages,women used herbs.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 612.A care provider sacrifices an animal and waves an herb-filled sack over a client who iscomplaining of painful joints and chest pain with exertion. This ritual represents health careduring:a.the prehistoric period.b.early civilization in Egypt.c.the Renaissance.d.the Middle Ages.ANS:ADuring prehistoric times, illness was thought to be caused by evil spirits that providersattempted to scare away through rituals and dances.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 313.A prospective nursing student who researches universities that offer a baccalaureate degree innursing would want to ensure that the program is accredited by the:a.American Nurses Association.b.Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education.c.National Institutes of Health.d.National Nursing Council.ANS:BThe Commission on Collegiate Nursing Education (CCNE) is the agency that exclusivelyaccredits baccalaureate and graduate-degree nursing programs.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 4, Box 1-114.Nursing in the 1990s was characterized by:a.men leaving nursing to enter the armed services.b.traditional 8-hour shifts to nurse burnout and compassion fatigue.c.a focus on preventable diseases.d.a decrease in nursing research.ANS:CHealth promotion and disease prevention were recognized as the means to reduce the highnumber of mortalities associated with preventable diseases—Healthy People 2000waspublished as a nationwide effort to reduce preventable deaths.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 16-17

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15.A nurse is part of the policy committee for a hospital. The committee is provided withstatistics indicating that patients participating in a satisfaction survey felt they lackedsufficient information about new drugs started while hospitalized and continued afterdischarge. In addition, charts noted high recidivism rates. The committee recommended that aformalized patient education plan be instituted to reconcile all medications and provide patientinformation about new medications. The committee is using which component of the Instituteof Medicine (IOM) 2011 message?a.Nurses should achieve higher levels of education to be effective members of aninterdisciplinary team.b.Nurses should have a minimum of a master’s degree to sit on policy committeesthat affect an entire facility.c.Pay for nurses should be consistent with that of physicians since the committee isinterdisciplinary.d.Policy is based on data, which provides the groundwork for decision making.ANS:DThe IOM report initiatives include effective workforce planning and policymaking based onbetter data collection and improved infrastructure.DIF:ApplicationREF:p. 16| p. 1816.The Affordable Care Act of 2011:a.requires that by 2020 all newly licensed nurses have a bachelor’s degree atminimum.b.would provide health care benefits to millions who were previously uninsurable orunable to afford insurance.c.caps the amount that hospitals and physicians can charge for procedures.d.subsidizes private insurance companies, thereby reducing health care costs forindividuals who have chronic or catastrophic illness such as cancer.ANS:BIt is anticipated that the ACA (2011) will make insurance coverage possible for millions whohave previously not had insurance or had been denied insurance.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 18-1917.It has been said that “history repeats itself because no one was listening the first time.” Whichstatement is true when comparing the nursing care provided in the Civil War (1861 to 1865) tothat provided during the Crimean War?a.Epidemics such as smallpox and typhoid were the primary emphasis of nursingcare in both wars.b.Soldiers were housed in substandard conditions, but due to Nightingale’s push forsanitary conditions, in the Civil War soldiers were housed in aseptic conditions.c.Black nurses were widely accepted by society and the profession, receiving equalcompensation during the Civil War due in large part to the efforts of Mary Seacoleduring the Crimean War.d.Both Nightingale (Crimean War) and Dix (Civil War) completed nursing trainingbefore accepting positions as nurses in the wars.ANS:A

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Numerous epidemics plagued the country, including syphilis, gonorrhea, malaria, smallpox,and typhoid.DIF:ApplicationREF:p. 9MULTIPLE RESPONSE1.What uniquely twenty-first century issue challenges today’s professional nurse. (select all thatapply)a.Caring for an aging populationb.Increased patient acuityc.Access to health care servicesd.Expanding technologye.Increasing intercultural patient populationANS:A, B, D, EProfessional nurses in the twenty-first century are faced with many challenges including anaging patient population. Professional nurses in the twenty-first century are faced with manychallenges including an increase in high acuity patients. Professional nurses in the twenty-firstcentury are faced with many challenges including an ever expanding array of technologiesthat affect patient care. Professional nurses in the twenty-first century are faced with manychallenges including the existence of an intercultural patient population.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 182.A newly licensed nurse compares the challenges facing nursing today with those faced bynurses when her mentor graduated in 1990. The mentor states, “Prevention was the focus ofnursing when I graduated. We stressed preventive health measures such as smoking cessationeducation to reduce preventable diseases and prevention to reduce the spread of infectiousdisease such as AIDS.” The mentor asks, “What do you think the challenges will be for nursesgraduating now? The correct response would be: (select all that apply)a.coordinating care for a more diverse aging population who have complex healthvalues.b.managing care provided by nurses who are technologically advanced and skilled atinterprofessional collaboration.c.providing care to well-informed consumers who are younger with narrow healthvalues.d.redesigning nursing care delivery models to streamline care based on fewergenerational differences.e.focusing on care from a systems perspective.ANS:A, B, EOur society, thus our patients/consumers, is aging and better informed about health careoptions, with health values as diverse as the various populations of patients served. Nurseseducated in the twenty-first century are introduced to advanced technologies throughout thecurriculum, but a gap still exists between the potential benefits of technology and the usemade of it to reduce errors and improve patient care; interprofessional collaboration is achallenge with incivility and workplace violence increasing. Today’s nurses must view healthcare from a systems perspective rather than a nursing unit perspective to decrease errors/coststhat arise from system errors.

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DIF:AnalysisREF:pp. 18-193.A nurse who has practiced for 1 year on a medical-surgical unit is very interested in a positionin the operating room. She traces the nursing history of surgery to learn how nursing hasevolved in this practice. To determine if, historically, surgery methods advanced the practiceof nursing, select the correct statements. (select all that apply)a.The Ancient Egyptians were the first to use anesthesia in the operating room.b.The “Barbers” of the Middle Ages used sterile techniques to reduce woundinfections.c.The Indian culture from 274 to 236 BC had hospitals staffed with female nurseswho practiced much like today’s nurses.d.During the Renaissance, advances in nursing education, including surgery, werenonexistent.e.Following World War II, nurses practiced in mobile army surgical hospitals, wheremedical and surgical techniques were further refined.ANS:D, EDuring the Renaissance, major advancements were made in pharmacology, chemistry, andmedical knowledge, including anatomy, physiology, and surgery with new emphasis given tomedical education, but nursing education was practically nonexistent. Following World WarII, nurses volunteered for the Korean War, where care was provided in MASH units andsurgical techniques were defined.DIF:ApplicationREF:p. 7 |pp. 13-15COMPLETION1.Which group in early civilization__________ is credited with developing a pharmacopoeia toclassify more than 700 drugs used in caring for the sick?ANS:EgyptiansA pharmacopoeia that classified more than 700 drugs was written by the Egyptians to assist inthe care and management of disease.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 3

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Chapter 02: The Contemporary Image of Professional NursingCherry & Jacob: Contemporary Nursing: Issues, Trends, and Management, 7thEditionMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which item below correctly describes the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics predictions by2020?a.Positions that historically required registered nurses will be filled by unlicensedpersonnel.b.The job growth rate for RNs will surpass job growth in all other occupations.c.The need for hospital nurses will dramatically decrease.d.Hospitals will finally achieve the required RN workforce.ANS:BWith an employment rate expected to increase by more than 19%, job production for nurses isprojected to grow faster than the average of all occupations (11%) until 2020.DIF:KnowledgeREF:pp. 23-242.What effect did the movieOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nesthave on health care?a.Funding for mental health care increased, allowing the point of care to changefrom the community to standardized institutional care.b.The public and the nursing profession were made aware of the rights of vulnerablepopulations.c.Nurses were seen as advocates for individuals who cannot advocate forthemselves.d.Funding for nursing traineeships was eliminated.ANS:BOne Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nestreminded us that all individuals have rights and that it is theresponsibility of the public and health care professionals to ensure that these rights areprotected.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 263.Which nurse died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier mosquitoesto enable her to provide care to soldiers with yellow fever during the Spanish-American War?a.Florence Nightingaleb.Margaret Hoolihanc.Clara Maasd.Sairy GampANS:CClara Maas is noted as the nurse who deliberately acquired two bites from yellow fever carriermosquitoes to enable her to provide care to soldiers with yellow fever.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 26

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4.A bronze statue of a nurse in battle fatigues who is obviously exhausted but demonstratescaring by holding a soldier’s head is an artistic representation of nurses who served in whichwar?a.World War Ib.World War IIc.Spanish-American Ward.Vietnam WarANS:DThis statue represents the caring provided by nurses during the Vietnam War.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 275.What was the purpose of the Nurse Reinvestment Act of 2002?a.Provided disability insurance to RNs who contract a life-threatening illness whileon dutyb.Funded public service announcements that promote unlicensed caregivers as analternative to professional nursesc.Focused on nurse retention and safety enhancement grants to address the currentnursing shortaged.Provided pediatric nursing training grantsANS:CThis act provided nursing scholarships, public service announcements promoting nursing as acareer, faculty loan cancellation programs, geriatric training grants, and nurse retention andsafety enhancement grants.DIF:KnowledgeREF:pp. 23-246.What is the best way for the individual nurse to maintain the most effective professionalimage?a.Change out of their work attire before running errands.b.Renew membership in a nursing organization.c.Earning an advanced nursing degree.d.Developing effective nurse-physician relationships.ANS:BProfessional nurses recognize that their greatest benefit—and one of the most efficient andpowerful uses for their money—is less than 1% of their salary they spend for membership inthe ANA, the National League for Nursing, Sigma Theta Tau International, and their specialtyorganization. They look forward to annual meetings because such meetings provide anexcellent opportunity to meet colleagues and discuss issues and practice innovations.DIF:ApplicationREF:pp. 33-347.Charles Dickens’ character Sairy Gamp:a.portrayed nurses as trained professional individuals who put others beforethemselves.b.chose nursing because she had no other avenue for employment.c.was a prostitute who took advantage of sick old men.d.characterized nurses as being at the forefront of technology and autonomy.

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ANS:BSairy Gamp endured nursing because of the lack of other opportunities.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 258.What does theSpirit of Nursingstatue honor?a.Florence Nightingale’s accomplishments in public healthb.Edith Cavell’s attempt to help the victims of the Tuskegee experiment seektreatmentc.Clara Maas, who found the cure for yellow fever during WWIId.All military nurses for their bravery and compassionANS:DThe statue theSpirit of Nursingwas created to honor all military nurses.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 259.Although the media portrayed nursing in a negative light inM*A*S*Hthrough the characterof a promiscuous, uncaring nurse, it also provided Americans with a promising glimpse of:a.nurses who can be promiscuous and still help doctors.b.the fact that caring is not as important as the desire to serve one’s country.c.the ability of nurses to cope with the dreadfulness of war by using humor.d.the contributions of male military nurses.ANS:CThe sitcomM*A*S*Hdid show humor as a coping mechanism for nurses in a war setting.DIF:KnowledgeREF:p. 2610.With the crisis in health care and the nursing shortage, why is the image of nursing stillimportant?a.Nursing care is often delivered during a time of uncertainty, and the image ofnurses during this time can reinforce trust in the nurse-patient relationship.b.Physicians have a distinctive body of knowledge that identifies them asprofessionals, whereas nursing has yet to develop a unique body of knowledge onwhich to base practice.c.Nurses must present a unified image if they hope to ever establish nursing as aprofession.d.The dynamic state of today’s health care requires nurses to move from a caringimage to one of technologic competence.ANS:AA person who seeks health care is entering a world of uncertainty. The nurse providescontinuity and compassion and stabilizes the environment of the patient.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 2311.Nurses can combat the nursing shortage by:a.joining unions, which influence employers to provide incentives such as pay raisesand free child care, thus encouraging the large percentage of nonworking nurses toreturn to the workforce.b.demanding that the requirements of the qualifying examination for foreign nurses

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should be reduced, so they are eligible to sit for the licensure examination.c.working more hours with a higher nurse/patient ratio.d.advocating for funds to pay for nursing education and a safer work environment.ANS:DAdvocating for funds to pay for nursing education and a safer work environment is a positivestrategy, as can be seen by results attained after the Reinvestment Act P.L. 107-205 provided$20 million for nursing scholarships, public service announcements, faculty loan cancellationprograms, geriatric training grants, and nurse retention and safety enhancement grants. This isthe best defense against the nursing shortage. Nursing graduates in many states have increasedin number, and enrollment in nursing schools is also on the rise.DIF:ApplicationREF:pp. 23-2412.The demographics of the twenty-first century nursing population indicate that:a.individuals entering nursing are second-degree students who average 45 years ofage.b.more white nurses enter and obtain graduate degrees than any other ethnic group.c.the highest level of nursing education for most RNs is an associate degree.d.the majority of nurses practice in hospitals.ANS:DFifty-six percent of nurses practice in hospitals.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 2913.A nursing student asks, “I wonder if the reason that the nursing shortage is so severe is thatregistered nurses are unhappy with their jobs.” To research the answer, the National Survey ofRegistered Nurses was reviewed and found:a.registered nurses change employers every year to prevent burnout and to keep thenursing shortage from increasing.b.nursing faculty are aging or leaving academia due to increased work demands andgenerational difference from students.c.practicing registered nurses are satisfied with their job and most remain with sameemployer they worked for the previous year.d.registered nurses were the least satisfied with their job of all health care providers.ANS:CAccording to the latest National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses (NSSR), 79.8% ofpracticing RNs were satisfied with their job and 88.4% were with the same employer as theyhad been in the preceding year (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2010).Among all RNs, nursing faculty are the most satisfied (86.6%).DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 2914.A registered nurse is on break and checking e-mails. One e-mail contains a picture of acelebrity who is a patient in the hospital, and on the same floor, where the nurse works.Included with the photo is a message, “check out my Facebook,” which contains additionalphotographs of the patient. The nurse immediately deletes the picture to prevent having toreport the “friend” to supervisors. Based on the action of the nurse who received the message,which statement is correct?

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a.The nurse is not at risk for having his or her license suspended since removing thephotos made them temporary and invisible to all others.b.Because the nurse did not send the message and immediately deleted the photo,there is no risk for discipline.c.Failing to report receiving the message demonstrates poor ethical and legal role-modeling as well as placing the nurse at risk for discipline.d.Because the patient is on the same floor as the one on which the nurse works, theinformation can be ethically and legally shared.ANS:CFailing to report the image can result in discipline.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 27-2815.A nurse executive is concerned that the mortality rate in his or her hospital exceeds thenational average and searches the literature finding Aiken’s 2011 Survey on the effects ofnurse staffing and education on mortality, including work environment. If Aiken’srecommendations are followed, which change would be most effective?a.Increasing staffing ratios to include more nurses of all levels of educationalpreparation on all shiftsb.Employing bachelor’s prepared nurses who participate in interprofessional roundswith attending physicians where their voices are heardc.Ensuring nurse managers and administrators have at minimum a master’s degreed.Encouraging all unlicensed assistive personnel to attend educational programs tobe certifiedANS:BAiken (2011) found that simply increasing the number of RNs was not the only answer toreduce mortality. Increasing the number of BSN-prepared nurses along with developing apositive work environment had the most impact on reducing mortality. The impact onreducing mortality by increasing the educational level of nurse managers/administrators andcertified unlicensed assistive personnel was not documented.DIF:ApplicationREF:pp. 30-3116.In order to best improve patient outcomes on an acute care hospital unit, which interventionshould the nursing staff advocate for?a.Staffing only 8 hour shifts on the unitb.Decreasing the number of patients cared for on any specific unitc.Increasing salaries for experienced nursesd.Increasing staffing on the evening shiftANS:DThe data clearly indicate that decreased nurse-patient ratios have been associated with higherrates of mortality, shock, urinary tract infections, sepsis, hospital acquired pneumonia, andfailure to rescue, especially among surgical patients.DIF:ApplicationREF:pp. 30-31

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17.A physician complains to administration that the nurse working last evening is unethical,based on observing the nurse educate the patient about a new medication ordered. Thephysician demanded the nurse be reprimanded and reminded that only physicians have theeducational background to teach patients about new medications. Which comment and actionby the administrator would be most effective in changing nurse-physician relationships in thisinstance?a.Inform the nurse, “You will be suspended for 3 days for going beyond your jobdescription,” and enforce the 3-day suspension because the physician did not writethe order to “teach the patient about the new medication”b.Advise the physician that only nurses can teach patients about medications; thephysician’s role is to only prescribe. No action will be taken against the nurse.c.After investigating the situation, thank the physician while also providinginformation that patient education related to medication is within the scope ofpractice of registered nurses. Share the physician’s concern and administrator’sresponse with the nurse so both parties are aware of the resolution of the concerns.d.Contact the patient’s family and ask, “Do you prefer that all teaching related tomedications be performed by the physician rather than the nurse” to determinewhat action to take.ANS:CInvestigating the situation to provide evidence is the first step. Once the facts are known,action can be taken. In this instance, including the ethics committee would help ensure anunbiased decision.DIF:ApplicationREF:pp. 31-3218.Which nurse best portrays nursing as a “knowledge worker”?a.Nurse in matched scrubs with lab coat, hair back, small stud earringsb.Nurse in mismatched scrubs, no lab coat, large hoop earringsc.Nurse in white uniform with apron with no jewelry/hair backd.Nurse with nose ring and eyebrow piercing with starched white uniform and capANS:ANursing scrubs have become a popular alternative to the traditional white uniform; cleanwrinkle-free matching scrubs presented a professional image. Small stud earrings reduce riskof injury to nurse when caring for confused or combative patients.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 30-32MULTIPLE RESPONSE1.According to current data related to the nursing shortage: (select all that apply)a.salaries of nurses are competitive with those of other professionals such asteachers.b.only 19% of nurses are minorities.c.overall, nurses are satisfied with their jobs but leave the profession because of fearof contracting fatal diseases.d.the employment opportunities for nurses continue to be strong.e.staff nurses are returning to school to obtain certificates to teach nursing.ANS:B, D

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Only 19% of nurses are minorities. RNs have one of the highest growth rates of employmentof all occupations.DIF:KnowledgeREF:pp. 23-24 |p. 292.A group of new graduate nurses is asked to speak to a group of politicians to describe thecurrent state of professional nursing and how best to alleviate the nursing shortage. Whichstatements accurately portray professional nursing today and tomorrow? (select all that apply)a.More RNs attain a bachelor’s degree than an associate degree or diploma.b.Because of pressure to shorten length of stay in hospitals, more RNs practice inoutpatient settings and home health than in acute care settings.c.The most popular advanced practice specialty is nurse anesthesia.d.White nurses are more likely to enter graduate school than nurses from other ethnicgroups.e.Nursing represents the largest health care professional group, followed by medicaldoctors.ANS:A, ERecipients of BSN degrees represent the largest graduating educational profile (47.2%).Nurses make up the largest group of health care professionals.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 293.Which actions would result in a greater number of nurses entering and staying in practice,given today’s state of nursing? (select all that apply)a.Determine why few black women enter graduate school.b.Provide incentives for minorities and men to enter nursing.c.Obtain grant funding to increase the number of faculty members and scholarshipavailability for students entering baccalaureate nursing programs.d.Survey nurses to determine why their job satisfaction is lower than that of otherhealth care professions.e.Develop ad campaigns that target younger students.ANS:B, C, ECore solutions to the nursing shortage include providing incentives for minorities and men toenter nursing. Core solutions to the nursing shortage include obtaining grant funding toincrease the number of faculty members and scholarship availability for students enteringbaccalaureate nursing programs. Core solutions to the nursing shortage include developing adcampaigns that target younger students.DIF:ComprehensionREF:pp. 28-294.The Nurses of America’s media campaign raised awareness of which aspects of nursing?(select all that apply)a.Nurses are expert clinicians.b.A higher nurse/patient ratio is needed.c.Nurses are invisible in the news media.d.Nurses are caring.e.Nurses are well paid.ANS:A, C

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The campaign was designed to convey to the public that nurses are expert clinicians. Astrategically important part of the campaign raised consciousness among nurses of theinvisibility of nursing in the news media.DIF:ComprehensionREF:p. 28

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