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Test Bank For Health and Physical Assessment In Nursing, 2nd Edition

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    Chapter 1 D’Amico/Barbarito Health & Physical Assessment in Nursing , 2/e Chapter 1 Question 1 Type: MCSA The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who reports that he is healthy and has no health concerns. As part of the health history, the nurse documents that the client reported that he has high blood pressure and suffers from a leg ulcer that remains unhealed after 6 months. Which of the following statements would be the best choice for the nurse to use at this point in the interview? 1. “I feel that you may be in denial about your health status.” 2. “Tell me about your definition of being healthy.” 3. “Do you understand what hypertension is?” 4. “Is there anything else you are not telling me?” Correct Answer: 2 Rationale 1 : More information would be needed before the nurse could attribute the client’s viewpoint as denial or lack of knowledge. Rationale 2 : A client will have his or her own definition of health, illness, and wellness. The individual’s concept of health and wellness is influenced by many factors, including age, gender, race, family, culture, religion, socioeconomic conditions, environment, previous experiences, and self-expectations. Rationale 3 : The client’s history of hypertension is a valid area requiring further i nvestigation but the nurse must first ascertain the client’s definition of healthy. Rationale 4 : There is not enough information to determine the client’s withholding of information to the nurse. Global Rationale: A client will have his or her own definition of health, illness, and wellness. The individual’s concept of health and wellness is influenced by many factors, including age, gender, race, family, culture, religion, socioeconomic conditions, environment, previous experiences, and self-expectations. More information would be needed before the nurse could attribute the client’s viewpoint as denial or lack of knowledge. The client’s history of hypertension is a valid area requiring further investigation but the nurse must first ascertain the client’s de finition of healthy. There is also not enough information to determine the client’s withholding of information to the nurse. Cognitive Level: Analyzing

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    Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment Question 2 Type: MCSA The nurse is documenting in the client’s medical record and wishes to use SOAP charting. The nurse includes which of the following under the assessment category? 1. The client’s blood pressure was 177/93. 2. The recent loss of employment and insurance have prevented the client from being able to afford prescription medications. 3. The client reports having lost her job and insurance 3 months ago. 4. Referrals have been made to social services to determine financial assistance programs available. Correct Answer: 2 Rationale 1 : This is the “O” component, objective data. Rationale 2 : The “A” component of the SOAP note refers to conclusions drawn from the subjective and objective data obtained. Rationale 3 : This is subjective data. Rationale 4 : This is the “P” component, plan. Global Rationale: The “A” component of the SOAP note refers to conclusions drawn from the subjective and objective data obt ained. The client’s recent loss of employment and the potential that this was a contributing factor in the inability to afford medications is an example of a conclusion. The client’s reported blood pressure would be an example of objective data. Objective data is information that can be measured by the examiner. Blood pressure is not an example of subjective information nor is it a conclusion. The client’s reported loss of employment and insurance is an example of subjective data. The statement does not include conclusions as to the results of these events. Making referrals to social services is an example of an intervention. It is not a conclusion. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment. Question 3

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    Type: MCSA The nurse is presenting a workshop on wellness and health promotion and the initiatives of Healthy People 2020 as a resource for this topic. After the session, which of the following statements by a participant indicates an understanding concerning the initiatives proposed? 1. “It will allow health care providers to lobby legislators for more funding.” 2. “The primary g oal of Healthy People 2020 is to assist health care providers in determining risk factors for premature birth.” 3. “ Healthy People 2020 seeks to promotes health, prevent illness, disability, and premature death.” 4. “The initiatives will outline standards of care for providers in managing diseases.” Correct Answer: 3 Rationale 1 : Health care providers and other persons interested in programs to promote health have found the document to be a useful source of information in their efforts to gain funding. Rationale 2 : The Healthy People 2020 initiative is a 10-year strategy intended to promote health, prevent illness, disability, and premature death. The document identifies leading health indicators that reflect public health concerns. Risk factors for premature birth may be part of those health indicators, but the scope of the document covers broad areas of concern. Rationale 3 : The Healthy People 2020 initiative is a 10-year strategy intended to promote health, prevent illness, disability, and premature death. Rationale 4 : Standards of care in disease management is not a component of the document. Global Rationale: The Healthy People 2020 initiative is a 10-year strategy intended to promote health, prevent illness, disability, and premature death. The document identifies leading health indicators that reflect public health concerns. Risk factors for premature birth may be part of those health indicators, but the scope of the document covers broad areas of concern. Health care providers and other persons interested in programs to promote health have found the document to be a useful source of information in their efforts to gain funding. Standards of care in disease management is not a component of the document. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.2: Discuss the importance of Healthy People 2020 and its relevance to health assessment. Question 4

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    Type: MCSA The nurse is developing a handout for clients in a healthcare provider’s office. The nurse would include which of the following focus areas in this handout to emphasize current changes in the health care delivery system? 1. Class recommendations for diabetics concerning insulin administration A2.Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control outlining plans to manage outbreaks of disease, eradicating the use of toxins 2. Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control outlining plans to manage outbreaks of disease, eradicating the use of toxins 3. Resources available to treat chronic pain 4. Class listings for exercise classes available in the community Correct Answer: 4 Rationale 1 : Symptom management, illness care, and pain management are addressed by the health care delivery system but are not the primary focus, as clients are taking a more active role in managing their own care. Rationale 2 : Management of outbreaks of disease is a function of governmental organizations and health care providers in the community, but is not a focus of individual care. Rationale 3 : Symptom management, illness care, and pain management are addressed by the health care delivery system but are not the primary focus, as clients are taking a more active role in managing their own care. Rationale 4 : The focus of health care in the United States today is wellness, prevention of disease, health promotion and health maintenance, for which a listing of exercise classes is appropriate. Global Rationale: The focus of health care in the United States today is wellness, prevention of disease, health promotion, and health maintenance, for which a listing of exercise classes is appropriate. Symptom management, illness care, and pain management are addressed by the health care delivery system but are not the primary focus, as clients are taking a more active role in managing their own care. Management of outbreaks of disease is a function of governmental organizations and health care providers in the community, but is not a focus of individual care. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning Learning Outcome: 1.8: Discuss the elements of a teaching plan.

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    Question 5 Type: MCSA The nurse is admitting a client to the acute care facility. The health history form has a place for recording subjective data. The nurse understands that primary subjective data should be obtained from which of the following sources? 1. The client’s physical assessment 2. The client’s self -reports 3. The client’s healthcare provider 4. The client’s significant other Correct Answer: 2 Rationale 1 : The physical assessment will be recorded as objective data. Rationale 2 : Subjective data are gathered from the interview. The interview includes the health history and focused interview. Data will come from primary and secondary sources. Rationale 3 : The client’s healthcare provider and significant other may contribute in the data collection process. The information obtained from friends and family members is considered subjective. This source of information is termed secondary. Rationale 4 : The client’s significant other may contribute in the data collection process but that input is classified as subjective. Global Rationale: Subjective data are gathered from the interview. The interview includes the health history and focused interview. Data will come from primary and secondary sources. The client is considered the primary source of subjective information. Family members and healthcare providers are examples of secondary sources of subjective information. The physical assessment will be recorded as objective data. Cognitive Level: Understanding Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.7: Describe the role of the professional nurse in health assessment. Question 6 Type: MCSA The nurse is reviewing a client’s medical records and notes various forms of information. The nurse understands that which of the following are subjective data? 1. The client states, “My abdomen hurts on the left side after eating.”

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    2. The nurse notes the client’s abdomen is tender on the left side during palpation. 3. The CAT scan reveals a large mass in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen. 4. The client’s hemoglobin is 14.1 gm/dL. Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1 : Subjective reports by the client are those feelings or symptoms that cannot be observed by others, of which “My abdomen hurts” is an example. Rationale 2 : Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports and radiographic findings are objective data. Rationale 3 : Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports and radiographic findings are objective data. Rationale 4 : Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports and radiographic findings are objective data. Global Rationale: Subjective reports by the client are those feelings or symptoms that cannot be observed by others. Objective reports are those factors that are based upon observations of others. Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports, and radiographic findings are objective data. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment. Question 7 Type: MCSA The nurse is reviewing a client’s medical records and notes various information. The nurse understands that which of the following is an example of objective data? 1. “I hurt my head.” 2. “I am 6 years old and I’m here because I fell.” 3. “Six -year- old Hispanic female sitting on examination table holding a towel to her forehead.” 4. “Client states that she fell at the playground.” Correct Answer: 3 Rationale 1 : Statements the client makes are subjective data. Rationale 2 : Statements the client makes are subjective data.

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    Rationale 3 : Objective data are data that can be observed or measured by the nurse. The nurse can see the child holding the towel to her head and can use her birth date to determine her age. Rationale 4 : Statements the client makes are subjective data. Global Rationale: Objective data are data that can be observed or measured by the nurse. The nurse can see the child holding the towel to her head and can use her birth date to determine her age. Statements the client makes are subjective data. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment. Question 8 Type: MCSA The nurse is evaluating the plan of care and notes that none of the goals have been met for the client with impaired gas exchange. What should the nurse do next in this situation? 1. Report the lack of achievement of the goals to the healthcare provider. 2. Review the data and modify the plan. 3. Reformulate the nursing diagnosis to a more realistic one. 4. Request a consult for the client to be seen by a pulmonologist. Correct Answer: 2 Rationale 1 : Reporting the lack of achievement of the goals to the healthcare provider is not appropriate, though reporting undesirable client physiologic responses may be. Rationale 2 : The plan of care should be evaluated periodically, at the established time frames, to determine achievement of the goals. If goals are not achieved, then the data need to be further assessed and the plan modified. Rationale 3 : Reformulating the nursing diagnosis to a more realistic one is not the best course of action as the diagnosis established came from subjective and objective data specific to that diagnosis. Rationale 4 : There are no data to support the need for additional medical consultations. Global Rationale: The plan of care should be evaluated periodically, at the established time frames, to determine achievement of the goals. If goals are not achieved, then the data need to be further assessed and the plan modified. Reporting the lack of achievement of the goals to the healthcare provider is not appropriate, though reporting undesirable client physiologic responses may be. Reformulating the nursing diagnosis to a more realistic one is not the best course of action as the

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    diagnosis established came from subjective and objective data specific to that diagnosis. There are no data to support the need for additional medical consultations. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Physiological Integrity Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process. Question 9 Type: MCSA The community health nurse is preparing to conduct a program for a group of nursing students concerning health and wellness. Which of the following statements by a participant indicates the most comprehensive and accurate understanding of health? 1. “Health is the absence of illness, disease, and symptoms.” 2. “Health is a state of well -being and the use of every power the person possesses to the fullest extent.” 3. “Health is the state when a person is viewed as a holistic being.” 4. “Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well - being.” Correct Answer: 4 Rationale 1 : Health is much more than the absence of illness and disease. Rationale 2 : Defining health as a state of well-being is limiting as it does not encompass the elements of an individual’s being such as physical, mental, and social. Rationale 3 : While health does require a holistic approach, this definition does not explore the elements with the same clarity of the correct answer. Rationale 4 : Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO, 1947). Global Rationale: Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO, 1947). Health is much more than the absence of illness and disease. Defining health as a state of well- being is limiting as it does not encompass the elements of an individual’s being such as physical, mental, and social. While health does require a holistic approach, this definition does not explore the elements with the same clarity of the correct answer. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Physiological Integrity Client Need Sub:

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    Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.1: Discuss the various definitions of health. Question 10 Type: MCSA The nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from abdominal surgery. When determining the best goal statement for the client concerning level of pain, which of the following is most appropriate? 1. The client will verbalize pain relief using an intensity rating in 4 hours. 2. The client will state that he feels fine in 4 hours. 3. The nurse will observe fewer signs of pain in the client’s demeanor. 4. The nurse will reevaluate the client’s pain level ev ery 2 hours. Correct Answer: 1 Rationale 1 : The goal statement is directly related to the nursing diagnosis. Goal statements are stated in a positive fashion, and have measurable criteria. Rationale 2 : This statement is not related directly related to the diagnosis and is not measurable. Rationale 3 : A goal statement must be reflective of client activities. This is an incorrect answer because it reflects activities of the nurse and not the client. Rationale 4 : A goal statement must be reflective of the clie nt’s activities. This is an incorrect answer because it reflects activities of the nurse and is not client directed. Although there is a time frame listed it is not correct as it is related to nursing actions. Global Rationale: The goal statement is directly related to the nursing diagnosis. Goal statements are stated in a positive fashion, and have measurable criteria. Verbalization of the client of pain relief using a rating scale within a specified time period is an appropriately formatted, measurable statement. Statements by the client indicating he is feeling fine is not reflective of a measurable criteria. Statements indicating actions by the nurse are not correctly formatted goals for the client. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning Learning Outcome: 1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process. Question 11 Type: MCSA

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    The nurse is developing the plan of care for a client who is recovering from abdominal surgery. When planning interventions the nurse recognizes which of the following will best meet the needs of the client experiencing pain? 1. The healthcare provider will prescribe additional analgesics. 2. The client will have reduced pain after administration of analgesics. 3. The client will vocalize reduced levels of pain within 3 hours. 4. Assist the client with guided imagery to manage pain levels. Correct Answer: 4 Rationale 1 : The prescribing of additional analgesics does not determine the characteristics of the pain and does not offer patient-driven information. Rationale 2 : This is a goal statement, not an intervention. Rationale 3 : This is a goal statement, not an intervention. Rationale 4 : Nursing interventions, such as assisting the client with guided imagery, are geared to assist in meeting client goals. The interventions are derived from the second part of the diagnosis, which is the etiology. The defining characteristics provide the background support for the diagnosis. The diagnostic label is global and requires specification before attempting to determine a goal. The client’s stated wishes are an important component of planning, and may be included in the list of interventions as appropriate. The interventions are based upon nursing actions. Global Rationale: Nursing interventions are geared to assist in meeting client goals. The interventions are derived from the second part of the diagnosis, which is the etiology. The defining characteristics provide the background support for the diagnosis. The diagnostic label is global and requires specification before attempting to determine a goal. The client’s stated wishes are an important component of planning, and may be included in the list of interventions as appropriate. The interventions are based upon nursing actions. The prescribing of additional analgesics does not determine the characteristics of the pain and does not offer patient driven information. The reduction of pain and vocalization of pain levels within 3 hours are goal statements, not interventions. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Planning Learning Outcome: 1.6: Describe the critical thinking process with relevance to health assessment. Question 12 Type: MCSA

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    The nursing instructor is discussing Healthy People 2020 with a group of nursing students. One of the students questions the instructor how this work will impact hospitalization. The best response by the nursing instructor would be: 1. “ Healthy People 2020 is a tool for the healthcare providers to offer information to their clients.” 2. “ Healthy People 2020 seeks to improve health and prevent illness, disability, and premature death.” 3. “The purpose of Healthy People 2020 is to reduce health care costs for hospitalized clients.” 4. “ Healthy People 2020 is seen as a tool by hospitals to reduce length of stay.” Correct Answer: 2 Rationale 1 : Healthy People 2020 is a resource tool for all health care professionals but its purpose is not to provide patient education between the healthcare provider and client. Rationale 2 : Healthy People 2020 presents a 10-year strategy with objectives intended to enhance health and prevent illness, disability, and premature death. Rationale 3 : Reduction of hospital costs is the not the primary purpose of Healthy People 2020 . Rationale 4 : Reduction of length of stay is the not the primary purpose of Healthy People 2020 . Global Rationale: Healthy People 2020 presents a 10-year strategy with objectives intended to enhance health and prevent illness, disability, and premature death. Healthy People 2020 is a resource tool for all health care professionals but its purpose is not to provide patient education between the healthcare provider and client. Reduction of hospital costs is the not the primary purpose of Healthy People 2020 . Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Implementation Learning Outcome: 1.2: Discuss the importance of Healthy People 2020 . Question 13 Type: MCSA The recent graduate nurse is orienting to the medical surgical care unit. The graduate nurse has prepared a nursing care plan for a client admitted for exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The goal statement is, “The client will resume normal bowel elimination patterns.” The graduate nurse has asked the charge nurse to review the care plan. What action by the charge nurse is indicated? 1. Express to the new nurse that the goal statement meets criteria. 2. Explain to the new nurse that the lack of time frame makes the goal inappropriate.

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    3. Express to the new nurse that the goal statement is not reflective of the client’s admitting diagnosis. 4. Accept the care plan for inclusion into the client’s medical record as it is accurate. Correct Answer: 2 Rationale 1 : This goal statement does not meet criteria as it lacks a time frame. Rationale 2 : Time frames are an important component of goal statements and provide guidelines for when to evaluate the achievement of the goal. Rationale 3 : The defining characteristics of the diagnosis and the etiology of the diagnosis are components of the diagnostic statement. Rationale 4 : This goal statement does not meet criteria as it lacks a time frame. Global Rationale: This goal statement does not meet criteria as it lacks a time frame. Time frames are an important component of goal statements and provide guidelines for when to evaluate the achievement of the goal. The defining characteristics of the diagnosis and the etiology of the diagnosis are components of the diagnostic statement. The nurse’s role in achieving the goal is not a component of the goal statement. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process. Question 14 Type: MCMA The nurse is caring for a newly admitted client with Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). Which of the following are appropriate goals of the initial health assessment? Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. Determine the client’s current state of health and ongoing health -promotion activities. 2. Predict risks to current health status. 3. Use only objective data to determine client allergies. 4. Determine how frequently the client is able to change positions. 5. Identify health-promoting activities. Correct Answer: 1,5

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    Rationale 1 : Determine the client’s current state of health and ongoing health -promotion activities: Health assessment goals are to determine the client’s current state of health and ongoing health-promotion activities. Rationale 2 : Predict risks to current health status: Health assessment activities are used to predict risks to health, and identify health status both current and future. This includes physical, social, cultural, environmental, and emotional factors including wellness behaviors, illness signs and symptoms, client strengths and weaknesses, and risk factors. Rationale 3 : Use only objective data to determine client allergies. The initial health assessment includes both objective and subjective information. Rationale 4 : Determine how frequently the client is able to change positions. The initial health assessment includes both objective and subjective information and seeks to determine the potential an individual has to implement health-promoting activities. Health assessment activities are used to predict risks to health, and identify health status. This includes physical, social, cultural, environmental, and emotional factors including wellness behaviors, illness signs and symptoms, client strengths and weaknesses, and risk factors. The ability of the client to change positions is not a part of the initial health assessment. . Rationale 5 : Identify health-promoting activities. The health assessment seeks to determine the potential an individual has to implement health-promoting activities. Global Rationale: Health assessment goals are to determine the client’s current state of health and ongoing health-promotion activities. The initial health assessment includes both objective and subjective information and seeks to determine the potential an individual has to implement health- promoting activities. Health assessment activities are used to predict risks to health, and identify health status. This includes physical, social, cultural, environmental, and emotional factors including wellness behaviors, illness signs and symptoms, client strengths and weaknesses, and risk factors. The initial health assessment does not include using objective data to determine client allergies and is not part of the initial health assessment. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment Learning Outcome: 1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process. Question 15 Type: MCSA

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    While the nurse assesses a client who is hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the client becomes very short of breath. The nurse recognizes the need to stop the assessment to initiate respiratory support interventions. This is an example of which phase of critical thinking? 1. Collection of information 2. Evaluation 3. Generation of alternatives 4. Analysis of the situation Correct Answer: 4 Rationale 1 : Collection of information is the initial step in the process. During this phase the nurse will assess available information. Rationale 2 : Evaluation is the final step in the process. During evaluation the nurse will determine the effectiveness of actions taken. Rationale 3 : When generating alternatives for action the nurse will use critical thinking skills to determine available options for action. Rationale 4 : The nurse in the scenario will need to employ assessment skills to review and analyze the situation. The analysis will provide the nurse with the understanding of what the best plan of action will be. Global Rationale: The nurse in the scenario will need to employ assessment skills to review and analyze the situation. The analysis will provide the nurse with the understanding of what the best plan of action will be. Collection of information is the initial step in the process. During this phase the nurse will assess available information. Evaluation is the final step in the process. During evaluation the nurse will determine the effectiveness of actions taken. When generating alternatives for action the nurse will use critical thinking skills to determine available options for action. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Evaluation Learning Outcome: 1.6: Describe the critical thinking process with relevance to health assessment. Question 16 Type: MCMA

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    The nurse is completing an admission assessment. The assessment form allows for the separation of subjective and objective data. Distinguish which of the following are examples of subjective data utilized by the nurse. Standard Text: Select all that apply. 1. The client’s mother informs the nurse that her daughter has not been sleeping due to pain. 2. The client states, “I have pain in my belly that is 7 out of 10.” 3. Abdominal assessment reveals a firm, hard abdomen. 4. The client is weak and looks very pale. 5. The client appears nervous during the data collection period. Correct Answer: 1,2 Rationale 1 : The client’s mother informs the nurse that her daughter has not been sleeping due to pain . Subjective data is information the client experiences and communicates to the nurse. This information can be provided by either the client or other individuals. Rationale 2 : The client states, “I have pain in my belly that is 7 out of 10.” Subjective data is information the client experiences and communicates to the nurse. Rationale 3 : Abdominal assessment reveals a firm, hard abdomen. Data that are observed by the examiner are termed objective data. Rationale 4 : The client is weak and looks very pale. Data that are observed by the examiner are termed objective data. Rationale 5 : The client appears nervous during the data collection period. Data that are observed by the examiner are termed objective data. Global Rationale: Subjective data is information the client experiences and communicates to the nurse. This information can be provided by either the client or other individuals. Primary subjective data is information the client experiences and communicates to the nurse. Information provided by family is also considered subjective but is termed secondary. Assessment data that are observed by the examiner are termed objective data. Reports by the client’s mother are considered secondary subjective information. The statements made by the client are referred to as primary subjective data. The characteri stics of the abdomen, the client’s strength level, color, and psychosocial assessment are termed objective data. Cognitive Level: Applying Client Need: Physiological Integrity Client Need Sub: Nursing/Integrated Concepts: Nursing Process: Assessment

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