Test Bank For Health and Physical Assessment In Nursing, 2nd Edition

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Chapter 1D’Amico/BarbaritoHealth & Physical Assessment in Nursing, 2/eChapter 1Question 1Type:MCSAThe nurse is obtaining a health history from a client who reports that he is healthy and has no healthconcerns. As part of the health history, the nurse documents that the client reported that he has highblood pressure and suffers from a leg ulcer that remains unhealed after 6 months. Which of thefollowing statements would be the best choice for the nurse to use at this point in the interview?1.“I feel that you may be in denial about your health status.”2.“Tell me about your definition of being healthy.”3.“Do you understand what hypertension is?”4.“Is there anything else you are not telling me?”Correct Answer:2Rationale 1: Moreinformation would be needed before the nurse could attribute the client’sviewpoint as denial or lack of knowledge.Rationale 2: A client will have his or her own definition of health, illness, and wellness. Theindividual’s concept of health and wellnessis influenced by many factors, including age, gender,race, family, culture, religion, socioeconomic conditions, environment, previous experiences, andself-expectations.Rationale 3: The client’s history of hypertension is a valid area requiring further investigation butthe nurse must first ascertain the client’s definition of healthy.Rationale 4: There is not enough information to determine the client’s withholding of information tothe nurse.Global Rationale:A client will have his or her own definition of health, illness, and wellness. Theindividual’s concept of health and wellness is influenced by many factors, including age, gender,race, family, culture, religion, socioeconomic conditions, environment, previous experiences, andself-expectations.More information would be needed before the nurse could attribute the client’sviewpoint as denial or lack of knowledge. The client’s history of hypertension is a valid arearequiring further investigation but the nurse must first ascertain the client’s definition of healthy.There is also not enough information to determine the client’s withholding of information to thenurse.Cognitive Level:Analyzing

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Client Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessmentQuestion 2Type:MCSAThe nurse is documenting in the client’s medical record and wishes to use SOAP charting. The nurseincludes which of the following under the assessment category?1.The client’s blood pressure was 177/93.2.The recent loss of employment and insurance have prevented the client from being able to affordprescription medications.3.The client reports having lost her job and insurance 3 months ago.4.Referrals have been made to social services to determine financial assistance programs available.Correct Answer:2Rationale 1: This is the “O” component, objective data.Rationale 2: The “A” component of the SOAP note refers to conclusions drawnfrom the subjectiveand objective data obtained.Rationale 3: This is subjective data.Rationale 4: This is the “P” component, plan.Global Rationale:The “A” component of the SOAP note refers to conclusions drawn from thesubjective and objective data obtained. The client’s recent loss of employment and the potential thatthis was a contributing factor in the inability to afford medications is an example of a conclusion.The client’s reported blood pressure would be an example of objective data. Objectivedata isinformation that can be measured by the examiner. Blood pressure is not an example of subjectiveinformation nor is it a conclusion. The client’s reported loss of employment and insurance is anexample of subjective data. The statement does not include conclusions as to the results of theseevents. Making referrals to social services is an example of an intervention. It is not a conclusion.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment.Question 3

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Type:MCSAThe nurse is presenting a workshop on wellness and health promotion and the initiatives ofHealthyPeople 2020as a resource for this topic. After the session, which of the following statements by aparticipant indicates an understanding concerning the initiatives proposed?1.“It will allow health care providers to lobby legislators for more funding.”2.“The primary goal ofHealthy People 2020is to assist health care providers in determining riskfactors for premature birth.”3.“Healthy People 2020seeks to promotes health, prevent illness, disability, and premature death.”4.“The initiatives will outline standards of care for providers in managing diseases.”Correct Answer:3Rationale 1: Health care providers and other persons interested in programs to promote health havefound the document to be a useful source of information in their efforts to gain funding.Rationale 2: TheHealthy People 2020initiative is a 10-year strategy intended to promote health,prevent illness, disability, and premature death. The document identifies leading health indicatorsthat reflect public health concerns. Risk factors for premature birth may be part of those healthindicators, but the scope of the document covers broad areas of concern.Rationale 3: TheHealthy People 2020initiative is a 10-year strategy intended to promote health,prevent illness, disability, and premature death.Rationale 4: Standards of care in disease management is not a component of the document.Global Rationale:TheHealthy People 2020initiative is a 10-year strategy intended to promotehealth, prevent illness, disability, and premature death. The document identifies leading healthindicators that reflect public health concerns. Risk factors for premature birth may be part of thosehealth indicators, but the scope of the document covers broad areas of concern. Health care providersand other persons interested in programs to promote health have found the document to be a usefulsource of information in their efforts to gain funding. Standards of care in disease management is nota component of the document.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.2: Discuss the importance ofHealthy People 2020and its relevance to healthassessment.Question 4

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Type:MCSAThe nurse is developing ahandout for clients in a healthcare provider’s office. The nurse wouldinclude which of the following focus areas in this handout to emphasize current changes in the healthcare delivery system?1.Class recommendations for diabetics concerning insulin administration A2.Guidelines from theCenters for Disease Control outlining plans to manage outbreaks of disease, eradicating the use oftoxins2.Guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control outlining plans to manage outbreaks of disease,eradicating the use of toxins3.Resources available to treat chronic pain4.Class listings for exercise classes available in the communityCorrect Answer:4Rationale 1: Symptom management, illness care, and pain management are addressed by the healthcare delivery system but are not the primary focus, as clients are taking a more active role inmanaging their own care.Rationale 2: Management of outbreaks of disease is a function of governmental organizations andhealth care providers in the community, but is not a focus of individual care.Rationale 3: Symptom management, illness care, and pain management are addressed by the healthcare delivery system but are not the primary focus, as clients are taking a more active role inmanaging their own care.Rationale 4: The focus of health care in the United States today is wellness, prevention of disease,health promotion and health maintenance, for which a listing of exercise classes is appropriate.Global Rationale:The focus of health care in the United States today is wellness, prevention ofdisease, health promotion, and health maintenance, for which a listing of exercise classes isappropriate. Symptom management, illness care, and pain management are addressed by the healthcare delivery system but are not the primary focus, as clients are taking a more active role inmanaging their own care. Management of outbreaks of disease is a function of governmentalorganizations and health care providers in the community, but is not a focus of individual care.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: PlanningLearning Outcome:1.8: Discuss the elements of a teaching plan.

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Question 5Type:MCSAThe nurse is admitting a client to the acute care facility. The health history form has a place forrecording subjective data. The nurse understands that primary subjective data should be obtainedfrom which of the following sources?1.The client’s physical assessment2.The client’s self-reports3.The client’s healthcare provider4.The client’s significant otherCorrect Answer:2Rationale 1: The physical assessment will be recorded as objective data.Rationale 2: Subjective data are gathered from the interview. The interview includes the healthhistory and focused interview. Data will come from primary and secondary sources.Rationale 3: The client’s healthcare provider and significant other may contribute in the datacollection process. The information obtained from friends and family members is consideredsubjective. This source of information is termed secondary.Rationale 4: The client’s significant other may contribute in the data collection process but that inputis classified as subjective.Global Rationale:Subjective data are gathered from the interview. The interview includes the healthhistory and focused interview. Data will come from primary and secondary sources. The client isconsidered the primary source of subjective information. Family members and healthcare providersare examples of secondary sources of subjective information. The physical assessment will berecorded as objective data.Cognitive Level:UnderstandingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.7: Describe the role of the professional nurse in health assessment.Question 6Type:MCSAThe nurse is reviewing a client’s medical records and notes various forms of information. The nurseunderstands that which of the following are subjective data?1.The client states, “My abdomen hurts on the left side after eating.”

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2.The nurse notes the client’s abdomen is tender on the left side during palpation.3.The CAT scan reveals a large mass in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen.4.The client’s hemoglobin is 14.1 gm/dL.Correct Answer:1Rationale 1: Subjective reports by the client are those feelings or symptoms that cannot be observedby others, of which “My abdomen hurts” is an example.Rationale 2: Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports and radiographic findings areobjective data.Rationale 3: Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports and radiographic findings areobjective data.Rationale 4: Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports and radiographic findings areobjective data.Global Rationale:Subjective reports by the client are those feelings or symptoms that cannot beobserved by others. Objective reports are those factors that are based upon observations of others.Physical examination findings, laboratory analysis reports, and radiographic findings are objectivedata.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment.Question 7Type:MCSAThe nurse is reviewing a client’s medical records and notes various information. The nurseunderstands that which of the following is an example of objective data?1.“I hurt my head.”2.“I am 6 years old and I’m here because I fell.”3.“Six-year-old Hispanic female sitting on examination table holding a towel to her forehead.”4.“Client states that she fell at the playground.”Correct Answer:3Rationale 1: Statements the client makes are subjective data.Rationale 2: Statements the client makes are subjective data.

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Rationale 3: Objective data are data that can be observed or measured by the nurse. The nurse cansee the child holding the towel to her head and can use her birth date to determine her age.Rationale 4: Statements the client makes are subjective data.Global Rationale:Objective data are data that can be observed or measured by the nurse. The nursecan see the child holding the towel to her head and can use her birth date to determine her age.Statements the client makes are subjective data.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.4: Identify the factors to consider in health assessment.Question 8Type:MCSAThe nurse is evaluating the plan of care and notes that none of the goals have been met for the clientwith impaired gas exchange. What should the nurse do next in this situation?1.Report the lack of achievement of the goals to the healthcare provider.2.Review the data and modify the plan.3.Reformulate the nursing diagnosis to a more realistic one.4.Request a consult for the client to be seen by a pulmonologist.Correct Answer:2Rationale 1: Reporting the lack of achievement of the goals to the healthcare provider is notappropriate, though reporting undesirable client physiologic responses may be.Rationale 2: The plan of care should be evaluated periodically, at the established time frames, todetermine achievement of the goals. If goals are not achieved, then the data need to be furtherassessed and the plan modified.Rationale 3: Reformulating the nursing diagnosis to a more realistic one is not the best course ofaction as the diagnosis established came from subjective and objective data specific to that diagnosis.Rationale 4: There are no data to support the need for additional medical consultations.Global Rationale:The plan of care should be evaluated periodically, at the established time frames,to determine achievement of the goals. If goals are not achieved, then the data need to be furtherassessed and the plan modified. Reporting the lack of achievement of the goals to the healthcareprovider is not appropriate, though reporting undesirable client physiologic responses may be.Reformulating the nursing diagnosis to a more realistic one is not the best course of action as the

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diagnosis established came from subjective and objective data specific to that diagnosis. There are nodata to support the need for additional medical consultations.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Physiological IntegrityClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearning Outcome:1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process.Question 9Type:MCSAThe community health nurse is preparing to conduct a program for a group of nursing studentsconcerning health and wellness. Which of the following statements by a participant indicates themost comprehensive and accurate understanding of health?1.“Health is the absence of illness, disease, and symptoms.”2.“Health is a state of well-being and the use of every power the person possesses to the fullestextent.”3.“Health is the state when a person is viewed as a holistic being.”4.“Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.”Correct Answer:4Rationale 1: Health is much more than the absence of illness and disease.Rationale 2: Defining health as a state of well-being is limiting as it does not encompass theelements of an individual’s being such as physical, mental, and social.Rationale 3: While health does require a holistic approach, this definition does not explore theelements with the same clarity of the correct answer.Rationale 4: Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being (WHO,1947).Global Rationale:Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being(WHO, 1947). Health is much more than the absence of illness and disease. Defining health as a stateof well-being is limiting as it does not encompass the elements of an individual’s being such asphysical, mental, and social. While health does require a holistic approach, this definition does notexplore the elements with the same clarity of the correct answer.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Physiological IntegrityClient Need Sub:

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Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearning Outcome:1.1: Discuss the various definitions of health.Question 10Type:MCSAThe nurse is caring for a client who is recovering from abdominal surgery. When determining thebest goal statement for the client concerning level of pain, which of the following is mostappropriate?1.The client will verbalize pain relief using an intensity rating in 4 hours.2.The client will state that he feels fine in 4 hours.3.The nurse will observe fewer signs of pain in the client’s demeanor.4.The nurse will reevaluate the client’s pain level every 2 hours.Correct Answer:1Rationale 1: The goal statement is directly related to the nursing diagnosis. Goal statements arestated in a positive fashion, and have measurable criteria.Rationale 2: This statement is not related directly related to the diagnosis and is not measurable.Rationale 3: A goal statement must be reflective of client activities. This is an incorrect answerbecause it reflects activities of the nurse and not the client.Rationale 4: A goal statement must be reflective of the client’s activities. This is an incorrect answerbecause it reflects activities of the nurse and is not client directed. Although there is a time framelisted it is not correct as it is related to nursing actions.Global Rationale:The goal statement is directly related to the nursing diagnosis. Goal statementsare stated in a positive fashion, and have measurable criteria. Verbalization of the client of pain reliefusing a rating scale within a specified time period is an appropriately formatted, measurablestatement. Statements by the client indicating he is feeling fine is not reflective of a measurablecriteria. Statements indicating actions by the nurse are not correctly formatted goals for the client.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: PlanningLearning Outcome:1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process.Question 11Type:MCSA

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The nurse is developing the plan of care for a client who is recovering from abdominal surgery.When planning interventions the nurse recognizes which of the following will best meet the needs ofthe client experiencing pain?1.The healthcare provider will prescribe additional analgesics.2.The client will have reduced pain after administration of analgesics.3.The client will vocalize reduced levels of pain within 3 hours.4.Assist the client with guided imagery to manage pain levels.Correct Answer:4Rationale 1: The prescribing of additional analgesics does not determine the characteristics of thepain and does not offer patient-driven information.Rationale 2: This is a goal statement, not an intervention.Rationale 3: This is a goal statement, not an intervention.Rationale 4: Nursing interventions, such as assisting the client with guided imagery, are geared toassist in meeting client goals. The interventions are derived from the second part of the diagnosis,which is the etiology. The defining characteristics provide the background support for the diagnosis.The diagnostic label is global and requires specification before attempting to determine a goal. Theclient’s stated wishes are an important component of planning, and may be included in the list ofinterventions as appropriate. The interventions are based upon nursing actions.Global Rationale:Nursing interventions are geared to assist in meeting client goals. Theinterventions are derived from the second part of the diagnosis, which is the etiology. The definingcharacteristics provide the background support for the diagnosis. The diagnostic label is global andrequires specification before attempting to determine a goal. The client’s stated wishes are animportant component of planning, and may be included in the list of interventions as appropriate. Theinterventions are based upon nursing actions. The prescribing of additional analgesics does notdetermine the characteristics of the pain and does not offer patient driven information. The reductionof pain and vocalization of pain levels within 3 hours are goal statements, not interventions.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: PlanningLearning Outcome:1.6: Describe the critical thinking process with relevance to health assessment.Question 12Type:MCSA

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The nursing instructor is discussingHealthy People 2020with a group of nursing students. One ofthe students questions the instructor how this work will impact hospitalization. The best response bythe nursing instructor would be:1.“Healthy People 2020is a tool for the healthcare providers to offer information to their clients.”2.“Healthy People 2020seeks to improve health and prevent illness, disability, and prematuredeath.”3.“The purpose ofHealthy People 2020is to reduce health care costs for hospitalized clients.”4.“Healthy People 2020is seen as a tool by hospitals to reduce length of stay.”Correct Answer:2Rationale 1:Healthy People 2020is a resource tool for all health care professionals but its purposeis not to provide patient education between the healthcare provider and client.Rationale 2:Healthy People 2020presents a 10-year strategy with objectives intended to enhancehealth and prevent illness, disability, and premature death.Rationale 3: Reduction of hospital costs is the not the primary purpose ofHealthy People 2020.Rationale 4: Reduction of length of stay is the not the primary purpose ofHealthy People 2020.Global Rationale:Healthy People 2020presents a 10-year strategy with objectives intended toenhance health and prevent illness, disability, and premature death.Healthy People 2020is aresource tool for all health care professionals but its purpose is not to provide patient educationbetween the healthcare provider and client. Reduction of hospital costs is the not the primary purposeofHealthy People 2020.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: ImplementationLearning Outcome:1.2: Discuss the importance ofHealthy People 2020.Question 13Type:MCSAThe recent graduate nurse is orienting to the medical surgical care unit. The graduate nurse hasprepared a nursing care plan for a client admitted for exacerbation of ulcerative colitis. The goalstatement is, “The client will resume normal bowel elimination patterns.” The graduate nurse hasasked the charge nurse to review the care plan. What action by the charge nurse is indicated?1.Express to the new nurse that the goal statement meets criteria.2.Explain to the new nurse that the lack of time frame makes the goal inappropriate.

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3.Express to the new nurse that the goal statement is not reflective of the client’s admittingdiagnosis.4.Accept the care plan for inclusion intothe client’s medical record as it is accurate.Correct Answer:2Rationale 1: This goal statement does not meet criteria as it lacks a time frame.Rationale 2: Time frames are an important component of goal statements and provide guidelines forwhen to evaluate the achievement of the goal.Rationale 3: The defining characteristics of the diagnosis and the etiology of the diagnosis arecomponents of the diagnostic statement.Rationale 4: This goal statement does not meet criteria as it lacks a time frame.Global Rationale:This goal statement does not meet criteria as it lacks a time frame. Time framesare an important component of goal statements and provide guidelines for when to evaluate theachievement of the goal. The defining characteristics of the diagnosis and the etiology of thediagnosis are components of the diagnostic statement. The nurse’s role in achieving the goal is not acomponent of the goal statement.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearning Outcome:1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process.Question 14Type:MCMAThe nurse is caring for a newly admitted client with Methicillin-resistantStaphylococcusAureus(MRSA). Which of the following are appropriate goals of the initial health assessment?Standard Text:Select all that apply.1.Determine the client’s current state of health and ongoing health-promotion activities.2.Predict risks to current health status.3.Use only objective data to determine client allergies.4.Determine how frequently the client is able to change positions.5.Identify health-promoting activities.Correct Answer:1,5

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Rationale 1:Determine the client’s current state of health and ongoing health-promotionactivities:Health assessment goals are to determine the client’s current state of health and ongoinghealth-promotion activities.Rationale 2:Predict risks to current health status:Health assessment activities are used to predictrisks to health, and identify health status both current and future. This includes physical, social,cultural, environmental, and emotional factors including wellness behaviors, illness signs andsymptoms, client strengths and weaknesses, and risk factors.Rationale 3:Use only objective data to determine client allergies.The initial health assessmentincludes both objective and subjective information.Rationale 4:Determine how frequently the client is able to change positions.The initial healthassessment includes both objective and subjective information and seeks to determine the potentialan individual has to implement health-promoting activities. Health assessment activities are used topredict risks to health, and identify health status. This includes physical, social, cultural,environmental, and emotional factors including wellness behaviors, illness signs and symptoms,client strengths and weaknesses, and risk factors. The ability of the client to change positions is not apart of the initial health assessment. .Rationale 5:Identify health-promoting activities.The health assessment seeks to determine thepotential an individual has to implement health-promoting activities.Global Rationale:Health assessment goals are to determine the client’s current state ofhealth andongoing health-promotion activities. The initial health assessment includes both objective andsubjective information and seeks to determine the potential an individual has to implement health-promoting activities. Health assessment activities are used to predict risks to health, and identifyhealth status. This includes physical, social, cultural, environmental, and emotional factors includingwellness behaviors, illness signs and symptoms, client strengths and weaknesses, and risk factors.The initial health assessment does not include using objective data to determine client allergies and isnot part of the initial health assessment.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: AssessmentLearning Outcome:1.5: Define the steps of the nursing process.Question 15Type:MCSA

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While the nurse assesses a client who is hospitalized for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructivepulmonary disease (COPD), the client becomes very short of breath. The nurse recognizes the needto stop the assessment to initiate respiratory support interventions. This is an example of which phaseof critical thinking?1.Collection of information2.Evaluation3.Generation of alternatives4.Analysis of the situationCorrect Answer:4Rationale 1: Collection of information is the initial step in the process. During this phase the nursewill assess available information.Rationale 2: Evaluation is the final step in the process. During evaluation the nurse will determinethe effectiveness of actions taken.Rationale 3: When generating alternatives for action the nurse will use critical thinking skills todetermine available options for action.Rationale 4: The nurse in the scenario will need to employ assessment skills to review and analyzethe situation. The analysis will provide the nurse with the understanding of what the best plan ofaction will be.Global Rationale:The nurse in the scenario will need to employ assessment skills to review andanalyze the situation. The analysis will provide the nurse with the understanding of what the bestplan of action will be. Collection of information is the initial step in the process. During this phasethe nurse will assess available information. Evaluation is the final step in the process. Duringevaluation the nurse will determine the effectiveness of actions taken. When generating alternativesfor action the nurse will use critical thinking skills to determine available options for action.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Health Promotion and MaintenanceClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: EvaluationLearning Outcome:1.6: Describe the critical thinking process with relevance to health assessment.Question 16Type:MCMA

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The nurse is completing an admission assessment. The assessment form allows for the separation ofsubjective and objective data. Distinguish which of the following are examples of subjective datautilized by the nurse.Standard Text:Select all that apply.1.The client’s mother informs the nurse that her daughter has not been sleeping due to pain.2.The client states, “I have pain in my belly that is 7 out of 10.”3.Abdominal assessment reveals a firm, hard abdomen.4.The client is weak and looks very pale.5.The client appears nervous during the data collection period.Correct Answer:1,2Rationale 1:The client’s mother informs the nurse that her daughter has not been sleeping dueto pain. Subjective data is information the client experiences and communicates to the nurse. Thisinformation can be provided by either the client or other individuals.Rationale 2:The client states, “I have pain in my belly that is 7 out of 10.”Subjective data isinformation the client experiences and communicates to the nurse.Rationale 3:Abdominal assessment reveals a firm, hard abdomen.Data that are observed by theexaminer are termed objective data.Rationale 4:The client is weak and looks very pale.Data that are observed by the examiner aretermed objective data.Rationale 5:The client appears nervous during the data collection period.Data that are observedby the examiner are termed objective data.Global Rationale:Subjective data is information the client experiences and communicates to thenurse. This information can be provided by either the client or other individuals. Primary subjectivedata is information the client experiences and communicates to the nurse. Information provided byfamily is also considered subjective but is termed secondary. Assessment data that are observed bythe examiner are termed objective data. Reports by the client’s mother are considered secondarysubjective information. The statements made by the client are referred to as primary subjective data.The characteristics of the abdomen, the client’s strength level, color, and psychosocial assessment aretermed objective data.Cognitive Level:ApplyingClient Need:Physiological IntegrityClient Need Sub:Nursing/Integrated Concepts:Nursing Process: Assessment

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