Test Bank For Lehne's Pharmacology for Nursing Care, 10th Edition

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Chapter 01: Orientation to PharmacologyTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.The nurse is teaching a patient how a medication works to treat an illness. To do this, the nursewill rely on knowledge of which topic?a.Clinical pharmacologyb.Drug efficacyc.Pharmacokineticsd.PharmacotherapeuticsANS:DPharmacotherapeutics is the study of the use of drugs to diagnose, treat, and prevent conditions.Clinical pharmacology is concerned with all aspects of drug-human interactions. Drug efficacymeasures the extent to which a given drug causes an intended effect. Pharmacokinetics is thestudy of the impact of the body on a drug.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:p. 1TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies2.What is a desired outcome when a drug is described as easy to administer?a.It can be stored indefinitely without needfor refrigeration.b.It does not interact significantly with othermedications.c.It enhances patient adherence to the drugregimen.d.It is usually relatively inexpensive toproduce.ANS:CA major benefit of drugs that are easy to administer is that patients taking them are more likely tocomply with the drug regimen. Drugs that are easy to give may have the other attributes listed,but those properties are independent of ease of administration.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:p. 2TOP:Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies3.A patient tells the nurse that an analgesic he will begin taking may cause drowsiness and willdecrease pain up to 4 hours at a time. Based on this understanding of the drug’s effects by thepatient, the nurse will anticipate which outcome?

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a.Decreased chance of having a placeboeffectb.Decreased motivation to take the drugc.Improved compliance with the drugregimend.Increased likelihood of drug overdoseANS:CA drug is effective if it produces the intended effects, even if it also produces side effects.Patients who understand both the risks and benefits of taking a medication are more likely tocomply with the drug regimen.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:p. 2TOP:Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral TherapiesMULTIPLE RESPONSE1.What are the properties of an ideal drug?(Select all that apply.)a.Irreversible actionb.Predictabilityc.Ease of administrationd.Chemical stabilitye.A recognizable trade nameANS:B, C, DIn addition to predictability, ease of administration, and chemical stability, other propertiesinclude a reversible action so that any harm the drug may cause can be undone and a simplegeneric name, because generic names are usually complex and difficult to remember andpronounce.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:pp. 1-2TOP:Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies2.Before administering a medication, what does the nurse need to know to evaluate how individualpatient variability might affect the patient’s response to the medication?(Select all that apply.)a.Chemical stability of the medicationb.Ease of administrationc.Family medical historyd.Patient’s agee.Patient’s diagnosis

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ANS:C, D, EThe family medical history can indicate genetic factors that may affect a patient’s response to amedication. Patients of different ages can respond differently to medications. The patient’sillness can affect how drugs are metabolized. The chemical stability of the medication and theease of administration are properties of drugs.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: AnalysisREF:pp. 3-4TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

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Chapter 02: Application of Pharmacology in Nursing PracticeTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.A patient is using a metered-dose inhaler containing albuterol for asthma. The medication labelinstructs the patient to administer “2 puffs every 4 hours as needed for coughing or wheezing.”The patient reports feeling jittery sometimes when taking the medication, and she doesn’t feelthat the medication is always effective. Which action is outside the nurse’s scope of practice?a.Asking the patient to demonstrate use ofthe inhalerb.Assessing the patient’s exposure totobacco smokec.Auscultating lung sounds and obtainingvital signsd.Suggesting that the patient use one puff toreduce side effectsANS:DIt is not within the nurse’s scope of practice to change the dose of a medication without an orderfrom a prescriber. Asking the patient to demonstrate inhaler use helps the nurse to evaluate thepatient’s ability to administer the medication properly and is part of the nurse’s evaluation.Assessing tobacco smoke exposure helps the nurse determine whether nondrug therapies, such asmoke avoidance, can be used as an adjunct to drug therapy. Performing a physical assessmenthelps the nurse evaluate the patient’s response to the medication.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:pp. 9-10TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies2.A postoperative patient is being discharged home with acetaminophen/hydrocodone [Lortab] forpain. The patient asks the nurse about using Tylenol for fever. Which statement by the nurse iscorrect?a.“It is not safe to take over-the-counterdrugs with prescription medications.”b.“Taking the two medications togetherposes a risk of drug toxicity.”c.“There are no known drug interactions, sothis will be safe.”d.“Tylenol and Lortab are different drugs,so there is no risk of overdose.”ANS:BTylenol is the trade name and acetaminophen is the generic name for the same medication. It is

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important to teach patients to be aware of the different names for the same drug to minimize therisk of overdose. Over-the-counter (OTC) medications and prescription medications may betaken together unless significant harmful drug interactions are possible. Even though no druginteractions are at play in this case, both drugs contain acetaminophen, which could lead totoxicity.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 8TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential3.The nurse is preparing to care for a patient who will be taking an antihypertensive medication.Which action by the nurse is part of the assessment step of the nursing process?a.Asking the prescriber for an order tomonitor serum drug levelsb.Monitoring the patient for druginteractions after giving the medicationc.Questioning the patient aboutover-the-counter medicationsd.Taking the patient’s blood pressurethroughout the course of treatmentANS:CThe assessment part of the nursing process involves gathering information before beginningtreatment, and this includes asking about other medications the patient may be taking.Monitoring serum drug levels, watching for drug interactions, and checking vital signs aftergiving the medication are all part of the evaluation phase.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 6TOP:Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential4.A postoperative patient reports pain, which the patient rates as an 8 on a scale from 1 to 10 (10being the most extreme pain). The prescriber has ordered acetaminophen [Tylenol] 650 mg POevery 6 hours PRN pain. What will the nurse do?a.Ask the patient what medications havehelped with pain in the past.b.Contact the provider to request a differentanalgesic medication.c.Give the pain medication and repositionthe patient to promote comfort.d.Request an order to administer themedication every 4 hours.ANS:BThe nursing diagnosis for this patient is severe pain. Acetaminophen is given for mild to

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moderate pain, so the nurse should ask the prescriber to order a stronger analgesic medication.Asking the patient to tell the nurse what has helped in the past is part of an initial assessment andshould be done preoperatively and not when the patient is having severe pain. Because thepatient is having severe pain, acetaminophen combined with nondrug therapies will not besufficient. Increasing the frequency of the dose of a medication for mild pain will not beeffective.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: AnalysisREF:p. 9TOP:Nursing Process: DiagnosisMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies5.A patient newly diagnosed with diabetes is to be discharged from the hospital. The nurseteaching this patient about home management should begin by doing what?a.Asking the patient to demonstrate how tomeasure and administer insulinb.Discussing methods of storing insulin anddiscarding syringesc.Giving information about how diet andexercise affect insulin requirementsd.Teaching the patient about the long-termconsequences of poor diabetes controlANS:ABecause insulin must be given correctly to control symptoms and because an overdose can befatal, it is most important for the patient to know how to administer it. Asking for ademonstration of technique is the best way to determine whether the patient has understood theteaching. When a patient is receiving a lot of new information, the information presented first isthe most likely to be remembered. The other teaching points are important as well, but they arenot as critical and can be taught later.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 9TOP:Nursing Process: PlanningMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential6.The nurse receives an order to give morphine 5 mg IV every 2 hours PRN pain. Which action isnotpart of the six rights of drug administration?a.Assessing the patient’s pain level 15 to 30minutes after giving the medicationb.Checking the medication administrationrecord to see when the last dose wasadministeredc.Consulting a drug manual to determinewhether the amount the prescriber orderedis appropriate

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d.Documenting the reason the medicationwas given in the patient’s electronicmedical recordANS:AAssessing the patient’s pain after administering the medication is an important part of the nursingprocess when giving medications, but it is not part of the six rights of drug administration.Checking to see when the last dose was given helps ensure that the medication is given at theright time. Consulting a drug manual helps ensure that the medication is given in the right dose.Documenting the reason for a pain medication is an important part of the rightdocumentation—the sixth right.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 9TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential7.A patient tells a nurse that a medication prescribed for recurrent migraine headaches is notworking. What will the nurse do?a.Ask the patient about the number andfrequency of tablets taken.b.Assess the patient’s headache pain on ascale from 1 to 10.c.Report the patient’s complaint to theprescriber.d.Suggest biofeedback as an adjunct to drugtherapy.ANS:AWhen evaluating the effectiveness of a drug, it is important to determine whether the patient isusing the drug as ordered. Asking the patient to tell the nurse how many tablets are taken andhow often helps the nurse determine compliance. Assessing current pain does not yieldinformation about how well the medication is working unless the patient is currently taking it.The nurse should gather as much information about compliance, symptoms, and drugeffectiveness as possible before contacting the prescriber. Biofeedback may be an effectiveadjunct to treatment, but it should not be recommended without complete information about drugeffectiveness.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 9TOP:Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies8.A nurse is preparing to administer medications. Which patient would the nurse consider to havethe greatest predisposition to an adverse reaction?a.A 30-year-old man with kidney diseaseb.A 75-year-old woman with cystitis

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c.A 50-year-old man with an upperrespiratory tract infectiond.A 9-year-old boy with an ear infectionANS:AThe individual with impaired kidney function would be at risk of having the drug accumulate toa toxic level because of potential excretion difficulties. Cystitis is an infection of the bladder andnot usually the cause of excretion problems that might lead to an adverse reaction from amedication. A respiratory tract infection would not predispose a patient to an adverse reaction,because drugs are not metabolized or excreted by the lungs. A 9-year-old boy would not have thegreatest predisposition to an adverse reaction simply because he is a child; nor does an earinfection put him at greater risk.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: AnalysisREF:p. 9TOP:Nursing Process: PlanningMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential9.A nurse consults a drug manual before giving a medication to an 80-year-old patient. The manualstates that older-adult patients are at increased risk for hepatic side effects. Which action by thenurse is correct?a.Contact the provider to discuss an orderfor pretreatment laboratory work.b.Ensure that the drug is given in the correctdose at the correct time to minimize therisk of adverse effects.c.Notify the provider that this drug iscontraindicated for this patient.d.Request an order to give the medicationintravenously so that the drug does notpass through the liver.ANS:AThe drug manual indicates that this drug should be given with caution to elderly patients. Gettinginformation about liver function before giving the drug establishes baseline data that can becompared with post-treatment data to determine whether the drug is affecting the liver. Givingthe correct dose at the correct interval helps to minimize risk, but without baseline information,the effects cannot be determined. The drug is not contraindicated.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: AnalysisREF:p. 7TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential10.A patient has been receiving intravenous penicillin for pneumonia for several days and begins tocomplain of generalized itching. The nurse auscultates bilateral wheezing and notes atemperature of 38.5°C (101°F). Which is the correct action by the nurse?

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a.Administer the next dose and continue toevaluate the patient’s symptoms.b.Ask the prescriber if an antihistamine canbe given to relieve the itching.c.Contact the prescriber to request an orderfor a chest radiograph.d.Hold the next dose and notify theprescriber of the symptoms.ANS:DPruritus and wheezing are signs of a possible allergic reaction, which can be fatal; therefore, themedication should not be given and the prescriber should be notified. When patients are having apotentially serious reaction to a medication, the nurse should not continue giving the medication.Antihistamines may help the symptoms of an allergic reaction, but the first priority is to stop themedication. Obtaining a chest radiograph is not helpful.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 10TOP:Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential11.A postoperative patient has orders for morphine sulfate 1 to 2 mg IV every 1 hour PRN forsevere pain and acetaminophen-hydrocodone [Lortab] 7.5 mg PO every 4 to 6 hours PRN formoderate pain. The patient reports pain at a level of 8 on a scale of 1 to 10, with 10 being theworst pain. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?a.Administer acetaminophen-hydrocodone7.5 mg PO every 4 hours.b.Administer acetaminophen-hydrocodone7.5 mg PO every 6 hours and change toevery 4 hours if not effective.c.Administer morphine sulfate 1 mg IVevery 1 hour until pain subsides.d.Administer morphine sulfate 2 mg IV andevaluate the patient’s pain in 15 to 30minutes.ANS:DWith PRN medications, the schedule is not fixed and the administration of these medicationsdepends on the patient’s condition. It is the nurse’s responsibility to assess the patient’s conditionand then give the appropriate PRN medication. In this case, the patient has severe pain andshould receive MS IV. Either 1 mg or 2 mg may be given, but the nurse must evaluate theeffectiveness of the pain medication within 15 to 30 minutes to help determine subsequent doses.Acetaminophen-hydrocodone is not appropriate because it is ordered for moderate pain and thispatient reports severe pain. Giving MS IV every hour is not appropriate for a PRN medicationunless the patient’s condition warrants it.

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PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 8TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential12.The nurse is teaching a patient about home administration of insulin to treat diabetes mellitus. Aspart of the teaching, the patient and nurse identify goals to maintain specific blood glucoseranges. This represents which aspect of the nursing process?a.Assessmentb.Evaluationc.Implementationd.PlanningANS:DIn the planning step, the nurse delineates specific interventions directed at solving or preventingproblems. When creating the care plan, the nurse defines goals, sets priorities, and establishescriteria for evaluating success. The assessment step involves collecting data about the patient.The evaluation step involves evaluating the medication effectiveness. The implementation stepidentifies actions that are taken to administer the drug.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 9TOP:Nursing Process: PlanningMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral TherapiesMULTIPLE RESPONSE1.A nurse is reviewing a patient’s medical record before administering a medication. Which factorscan alter the patient’s physiologic response to the drug?(Select all that apply.)a.Ability to swallow pillsb.Agec.Genetic factorsd.Gendere.HeightANS:B, C, DAge, genetic factors, and gender influence an individual patient’s ability to absorb, metabolize,and excrete drugs; therefore, these factors must be assessed before a medication is administered.A patient’s ability to swallow pills, although it may determine the way a drug is administered,does not affect the physiologic response. Height does not affect response; weight and thedistribution of adipose tissue can affect the distribution of drugs.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: AnalysisREF:pp. 6-7TOP:Nursing Process: AssessmentMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

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Chapter 03: Drug Regulation, Development, Names, and InformationTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.A nurse educator is conducting a continuing education class on pharmacology. To evaluate thelearning of the nurses in the class, the nurse educator asks, “Which drug name gives informationabout the drug’s pharmacologic classification?” Which is the correct response?a.Amoxicillinb.Tylenolc.Ciprod.MotrinANS:AAmoxicillin is the generic name, and the suffix “-cillin” indicates that it belongs to the penicillinclass of antibiotics. Tylenol, Cipro, and Motrin are all trade names without segments thatindicate their pharmacologic class.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:p. 18TOP:Nursing Process: DiagnosisMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies2.The FDA Amendments Act (FDAAA) was passed in 2007 to address which aspect of drugsafety?a.Allowing pharmaceutical companies toidentify off-label uses of medicationsapproved for other usesb.Evaluating drug safety information thatemerges after a drug has been approvedand is in usec.Expediting the approval process of theU.S. Food and Drug Administration(FDA) so that needed drugs can get tomarket more quicklyd.Requiring manufacturers to notify patientsbefore removing a drug from the marketANS:BThe FDAAA was passed to enable the Food and Drug Administration to continue oversight of adrug after granting it approval so that changes in labeling could be made as necessary andpostmarketing risks could be tracked and identified. A provision of the FDA Modernization Act(FDAMA), passed in 1997, allows drug companies to promote their products for off-label uses aslong as they promise to conduct studies to support their claims. Regulations to permit acceleratedapproval of drugs for life-threatening diseases were adopted in 1992 by the FDA. The

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requirement that drug companies notify patients 6 months before removing a drug from themarket is a provision of the FDAMA.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:pp. 14-15TOP:Nursing Process: EvaluationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies3.A nursing student asks a nurse about pharmaceutical research and wants to know the purpose ofrandomization in drug trials. The nurse explains that randomization is used to do what?a.To ensure that differences in outcomes arethe result of treatment and not differencesin subjectsb.To compare the outcome caused by thetreatment to the outcome caused by notreatmentc.To make sure that researchers are unawareof which subjects are in which groupd.To prevent subjects from knowing whichgroup they are in and preventpreconception biasANS:ARandomization helps prevent allocation bias, which can occur when researchers place subjectswith desired characteristics in the study group and other subjects in the control group so thatdifferences in outcome are actually the result of differences in subjects and not treatment.Comparing treatment outcome to no treatment outcome is the definition of a controlled study.The last two options describe the use of blinding in studies; blinding ensures that researchers orsubjects (or both) are unaware of which subjects are in which group so that preconceptions aboutbenefits and risks cannot bias the results.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:pp. 15-16TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies4.Someone asks a nurse about a new drug that is in preclinical testing and wants to know why itcannot be used to treat a friend’s illness. Which statement by the nurse is correct?a.“A drug at this stage of development canbe used only in patients with seriousdisease.”b.“At this stage of drug development, thesafety and usefulness of the medication isunknown.”c.“Clinical trials must be completed to makesure the drug is safe to use in humans.”

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d.“Until postmarketing surveillance data areavailable, the drug cannot be used.”ANS:BPreclinical testing must be completed before drugs can be tested in humans. In this stage, drugsare evaluated for toxicities, pharmacokinetic properties, and potentially useful effects. Somedrugs can be used in patients before completion of Phase III studies, but this is after preclinicaltesting is complete. Clinical trials proceed in stages, and each stage has guidelines defining howa new drug may be used and which patients may receive it. Postmarketing surveillance takesplace after a drug is in general use.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:p. 16TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential5.A patient asks a nurse why drugs that have been approved by the FDA still have unknown sideeffects. What will the nurse tell the patient?a.Testing for all side effects of a medicationwould be prohibitively expensive.b.Patients in drug trials often are biased bytheir preconceptions of a drug’s benefits.c.Researchers tend to conduct studies thatwill prove the benefits of their new drugs.d.Subjects in drug trials do not alwaysrepresent the full spectrum of possiblepatients.ANS:DAll drug trials are limited by a relatively small group of subjects who may not have all thecharacteristics of people who will be using the drug; therefore, some side effects go undetecteduntil the drug is in use. Although drug trials are very expensive, this is only an indirect reasonthey do not detect all side effects before approval. In theory, well-designed drug trials, usingblinded studies, minimize or eliminate subject bias. Designing studies to prove desired results isunethical.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: AnalysisREF:p. 17TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies6.A nurse is teaching nursing students about the use of nonproprietary names for drugs. The nursetells them which fact about nonproprietary names?a.They are approved by the FDA and areeasy to remember.b.They are assigned by the U.S. AdoptedNames Council.

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c.They clearly identify the drug’spharmacologic classification.d.They imply the efficacy of the drug andare less complex.ANS:BNonproprietary, or generic, names are assigned by the U.S. Adopted Names Council, whichensures that each drug has only one name. Trade names, or brand names, are approved by theFDA and are easier to remember. Some nonproprietary names contain syllables that identify theclassification, although not all do. Drug names are not supposed to identify the use for the drug,although some brand names do so.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ComprehensionREF:p. 18TOP:Nursing Process: DiagnosisMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Reduction of Risk Potential

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Chapter 04: PharmacokineticsTest BankMULTIPLE CHOICE1.A patient tells the nurse that the oral drug that has been prescribed has caused a lot of stomachdiscomfort in the past. What will the nurse ask the prescriber?a.Whether a sublingual form of the medication can be givenb.Whether the medication can be given by a parenteral route insteadc.Whether an enteric-coated form of the drug is availabled.Whether the patient can receive a sustained-release preparation of the drugANS:CEnteric-coated drugs are preparations that have been coated with a material that dissolves inthe intestines, not the stomach. This coating is used either to protect the drug from stomachacid and pepsin or to protect the stomach from a drug that can cause gastric upset. Sublingualforms often are used for drugs that undergo rapid inactivation during the first pass through thehepatic circulation so that the drug can be absorbed directly into the systemic circulation.Parenteral routes are more costly and less safe than oral administration and should not be usedunless necessary. A sustained-release preparation is used to release the drug into the bodyover a specific period to reduce the number of daily doses required to sustain therapeutic druglevels.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:p. 31TOP:Nursing Process: ImplementationMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies2.A patient claims to get better effects with a tablet of Brand X of a drug than with a tablet ofBrand Y of the same drug. Both brands contain the same amount of the active ingredient.What does the nurse know to be most likely?a.Advertising by pharmaceutical companies can enhance patient expectations of onebrand over another, leading to a placebo effect.b.Because the drug preparations are chemically equivalent, the effects of the twobrands must be identical.c.Tablets can differ in composition and can have differing rates of disintegration anddissolution, which can alter the drug’s effects in the body.d.The bioavailability of a drug is determined by the amount of the drug in each dose.ANS:CEven if two brands of a drug are chemically equivalent (i.e., they have identical amounts ofthe same chemical compound), they can have different effects in the body if they differ inbioavailability. Tablets made by different manufacturers contain different binders and fillers,which disintegrate and dissolve at different rates and affect the bioavailability of the drug.Two brands may be chemically equivalent and still differ in bioavailability, which is notdetermined by the amount of drug in the dose.PTS:1DIF:Cognitive Level: ApplicationREF:pp. 31-32TOP:Nursing Process: DiagnosisMSC: NCLEX Client Needs Category: Physiologic Integrity: Pharmacologic and Parenteral Therapies

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