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Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam With Answers (142 Solved Questions)

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    1 Portage Learning A&P I Final Exam Terms in this set (347) List two organs contained in the The abdominal cavity contains the stomach, intestines, abdominal cavity. spleen and liver True or False? a. True a. Cellular respiration occurs in the b. True mitochondria. (T or F) c. False b. The purpose of cellular respiration d. False is to produce ATP. (T or F) e. False c. Integral proteins are only found on the inner surface of a cell membrane. (T or F) d. Endocytosis is the process that occurs to eject biomacromolecules from the cell. (T or F) e. Pinocytosis uses a signaling molecule from another cell, binding to the cell membrane to bring about changes within the cell proteins. (T or F) Study sets, textbooks, questions

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    branches of the bronchial tree are: bronchioles I believe it is the smaller cell that will breathe at a more active rate because in order for respiration to occur efficiently and more actively the surface area to volume ratio is very critical; also, if the larger surface area is present then the diffusion of gases occur at a higher rate; so, larger cells will have a smaller You are observing two cells under the surface to volume ratio and diffusion that will occur at a slower microscope. They are the same type rate creating a less active respiration; and, on the other hand of eukaryotic cell but one appears smaller cells will have a larger surface area to volume ratio and much larger. Based on appearance an improved diffusion rate, so the higher rate and more active alone, which one would you expect to respiration. be carrying out respiration at a more active rate, the larger or smaller cell? The smaller cell. Cells need to remain relatively small Explain why. because as a cell expands the amount of surface area relative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cell is more active because relative to its volume, its surface area is larger than a bigger cell. With a larger surface area (relative to its volume) this allows the metabolic processes to occur faster. Note: Essay answers must clearly be During swallowing the epiglottis moves inferiorly to close off in your own words. and prevent aspiration by covering the trachea and creating a passage for liquid, food, or bolus into the esophagus; and, Explain what happens to the epiglottis preventing these things from entering into the lungs. during swallowing. Why? Air and food pass in which one of the Oropharynx following areas: B - Oral Cavity Label the following five items from D - Epiglottis the diagram: E - Glottis Label B - ___________ F - Trachea Label D - __________ G - Esophagus Label E - __________ Label F - __________ Label G - __________ From widest to narrowest, the Primary bronchi, secondary bronchi, tertiary bronchi,

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    Explain why someone who has hypergastrinemia (excessive secretion of gastrin) might develop gastric/stomach ulcers. Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrin hormone, which induces excess secretion of hydrochloric acid in the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protective mucousa layer causing disruption that can lead to those ulcers. Gastrin stimulates the secretions of pepsinogens and hydrochloric acid. Excess amounts would lead to erosion of the stomach lining. Look carefully at the diagram below. 3. Stomach Label the following 5 organs of the 4. Gallbladder digestive system. 7. Jejunum To receive credit for the intestines you 9. Appendix must label the specific region. 10. Rectum 3: ___________ 4: ___________ 7: ___________ 9: ___________ 10: ___________ Note: Essay answers must clearly be in your own words. Answer the following essay question: Describe parietal cells and chief cells: name their location, secretions and purposes. Parietal and chief cells are located in the stomach wall and they secrete gastric juices and mucous, secrete hormones that regulate digestive activity; also, parietal cells produce HCl in the stomach; and, chief cells secrete te enzymes pepsinogen, rennin, and gastric lipase. The parietal cells (located in the wall of the stomach body) secrete hydrochloric acid, generating a pH of 1.3 - 3.5. This very acidic pH kills many of the bacteria ingested along with food. In addition, the low pH stops the activity of salivary amylase. The secretion of hydrochloric acid is essential in the activation of pepsin. Chief cells: secrete pepsinogen. Pepsinogen (a pre - enzyme) is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloric acid converts the inactive pepsinogen (secreted by the chief cells) into the active enzyme pepsin which begins the breakdown of proteins.

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    Label the following bones of the skeleton from the figure below: 1: ____________ 3:____________ 5:____________ 7: ____________ 8: ____________ 1: Frontal bone/frontal sinuses 3: Maxilla 5: Vomer 7: Maxilla 8: Mandible A. Pisiform B. Hamate Label the bones in the figure below: C. Capitate A: ____________ D. Trapezoid B: ____________ E. Trapezium C: ____________ D : ____________ E: _____________ Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year (1) The textbook states that osteoporosis is a bone tissue disease where the bone tissue degenerates faster than it is A patient has a diagnosis of replaced making the bones weak, causing increased pain, osteoporosis. (1) In your own words, and more likely to fracture due to them being brittle. describe this diagnosis and (2) What (2) Furthermore, there would be a decreased number of type of bone cell would they be osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone repair; also, the lacking? Explain your answer. bone repair would be unable to keep up with the ongoing breakdown of the bone which is responsible in the process that included the osteoblasts that take the calcium from the blood.

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    B: Temporalis Label the following five muscles: C: Orbicularis oculi E: Zygomaticus major B: _____________ G: Buccinator C: _____________ J: Depressor labii inferioris E: _____________ G: _____________ J: ______________ When extensor digitorum contracts, F. B&D what action(s) occurs? A. Elbow extension B. Wrist extension C. Extension of digit 1 D. Extension of digits 2 - 5 E. A&C F. B&D Yes, the textbook stated that both the male and female Would you expect a male to have bodies produce “ all ” the sex hormones; however, the ratios estrogen in their bloodstream? are different; also, the adrenal glands are largely Explain why or why not. responsible for producing this “ opposite ” hormone that the gonads of the person does not. List the hormone(s) that best ADH describes the statement below: I promote the reabsorption of water at the collecting ducts of the kidneys. List the hormone(s) that best Insulin describes the statement below: I am secreted by the beta cells of the pancreas.

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    Upgrade to remove ads Only $35.99/year When there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, the Explain in detail why the thyroid anterior pituitary gland continues to produce TSH; so, the becomes enlarged during an iodine thyroid reacts by increasing in size and producing a goiter, but this increase in size is ineffective because active thyroxin deficiency? cannot be produced without iodine. A) Pacinian corpuscle A - Identify the sensory cell receptor B) Detects pressure (mechanoreceptor) highlighted in blue, below, also indicated by the arrow. B - What sensory information is detected by this type of receptor? Fibroblasts Match the cell with its single best Produces collagen description, using each description Keratinocytes only once. Produces a protein to protect the skin Fibroblasts Produces collagen Langerhans cells Keratinocytes Assists in immune responses Produces a protein to protect the skin Langerhans cells Melanocytes Assists in immune responses Produces a pigment that absorbs UV rays Melanocytes Produces a pigment that absorbs UV Other Incorrect Match Options: rays Detects pain Detects light touch Sebaceous gland (oil gland) produces oil (sebum) to protect the skin and hair from drying. What is the name and function of the structure below? (Highlighted in blue, also indicated by the arrow)

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    used to indicate "further from the origin of the body part"? What is the study of the function of Physiology the human body? Epithelium is an example of what level Tissue of organization in the human body? What is the breakdown of nutrients? Catabolism List the four basic types of tissues. Epithelium, Muscle, Connective, and Nervous tissues. List the three layers of the skin in order Epidermis (Outer Layer), Dermis (Middle Layer), and from superficial to deep. The most Hypodermis (Subcutaneous and Inner Layer) superficial layer of the skin should be at the top of your list. To receive credit the layers must be in this order. Note: Essay answers must clearly be Catabolic hormone because it is breaking down of a larger in your own words. substance, glycogen, into their simpler, smaller building blocks within the liver (releasing energy in the process). Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen in the liver. Based upon your learning of metabolism, would this be considered an anabolic or catabolic hormone? Explain why. What anatomical orientation term is Dorsal used to indicate "toward the back of the body"? What anatomical orientation term is Superior used to indicate "toward the upper part of a structure"? What anatomical orientation term is Superficial (External) used to indicate "toward the body surface"? What anatomical orientation term is Distal

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