Portage Learning Anatomy and Physiology Final Exam With Answers (142 Solved Questions)

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1Portage Learning A&P I Final ExamTerms in this set (347)ListtwoorganscontainedintheTheabdominalcavitycontainsthestomach,intestines,abdominalcavity.spleenand liverTrueorFalse?a.Truea.Cellularrespirationoccursintheb.Truemitochondria.(TorF)c.Falseb.Thepurposeofcellularrespirationd.FalseistoproduceATP. (TorF)e.Falsec.Integralproteinsareonlyfoundonthe inner surface of a cell membrane.(TorF)d.Endocytosisistheprocessthatoccurstoejectbiomacromoleculesfromthecell.(TorF)e.Pinocytosisuses asignalingmoleculefromanothercell,bindingtothe cell membrane to bringaboutchanges within the cell proteins. (T orF)Studysets,textbooks,questions

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branchesofthebronchialtree are:bronchiolesIbelieveitis thesmallercellthatwillbreatheatamoreactiverate because in order for respiration to occur efficientlyandmore actively the surface area to volume ratio is very critical;also, if the larger surface area is present then the diffusion ofgasesoccuratahigherrate;so,largercellswillhaveasmallerYouareobservingtwocellsunderthesurfacetovolumeratioanddiffusionthatwilloccurataslowermicroscope.Theyarethesametyperatecreatingalessactiverespiration;and,ontheotherhandofeukaryoticcellbutoneappearssmallercellswillhavealargersurfaceareatovolumeratioandmuchlarger.Basedonappearancean improved diffusion rate, so the higher rate and more activealone,whichonewouldyouexpecttorespiration.becarryingoutrespirationata moreactiverate,thelargerorsmallercell?Thesmallercell.CellsneedtoremainrelativelysmallExplainwhy.becauseasacellexpandstheamountof surfacearearelative to the volume of the cell decreases. The smaller cellismoreactivebecauserelativetoitsvolume,itssurfaceareaislargerthanabiggercell.Withalargersurfacearea(relativetoitsvolume)thisallowsthemetabolicprocessestooccurfaster.Note:EssayanswersmustclearlybeDuringswallowingtheepiglottismovesinferiorlytocloseoffinyourownwords.andpreventaspirationbycoveringthetrachea andcreatingapassagefor liquid,food,or bolusintotheesophagus;and,Explainwhathappenstotheepiglottispreventingthesethingsfromenteringintothelungs.duringswallowing.Why?AirandfoodpassinwhichoneoftheOropharynxfollowingareas:B-OralCavityLabelthe followingfiveitemsfromD-Epiglottisthediagram:E-GlottisLabelB-___________F-TracheaLabelD-__________G-EsophagusLabelE-__________LabelF-__________LabelG-__________From widestto narrowest,thePrimarybronchi,secondarybronchi,tertiarybronchi,

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Explain why someone who hashypergastrinemia(excessivesecretionofgastrin)mightdevelopgastric/stomachulcers.Hypergastrinemia leads to excess secretion of the gastrinhormone,whichinducesexcesssecretionofhydrochloricacidin the stomach; and, the excess acid then acts as a protectivemucousalayercausingdisruptionthatcanleadtothoseulcers.Gastrinstimulatesthesecretionsofpepsinogensandhydrochloricacid.Excessamountswouldleadtoerosionofthestomach lining.Lookcarefullyatthediagrambelow.3.StomachLabelthefollowing5organsofthe4.Gallbladderdigestivesystem.7.JejunumToreceivecredit fortheintestinesyou9.Appendixmustlabelthespecificregion.10.Rectum3:___________4:___________7:___________9:___________10:___________Note:Essayanswersmustclearlybeinyourownwords.Answerthe followingessayquestion:Describeparietalcellsandchiefcells:nametheirlocation,secretionsandpurposes.Parietalandchiefcellsarelocatedinthestomachwallandtheysecretegastricjuicesandmucous,secretehormonesthatregulatedigestiveactivity;also,parietalcellsproduceHCl inthestomach;and,chiefcellssecreteteenzymespepsinogen,rennin,andgastriclipase.Theparietalcells(locatedinthe wallof thestomachbody)secretehydrochloric acid,generating apHof1.3-3.5.ThisveryacidicpHkillsmanyofthebacteriaingestedalongwithfood.Inaddition,thelowpHstopstheactivityof salivaryamylase.Thesecretionofhydrochloricacid isessentialintheactivationofpepsin.Chiefcells:secretepepsinogen.Pepsinogen(apre-enzyme)is secreted by the chief cells in the stomach. Hydrochloricacidconvertstheinactivepepsinogen(secretedbythechiefcells) intothe active enzymepepsinwhich beginsthebreakdownofproteins.

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Labelthefollowingbonesof theskeletonfromthefigurebelow:1:____________3:____________5:____________7:____________8:____________1:Frontalbone/frontalsinuses3: Maxilla5:Vomer7:Maxilla8:MandibleA.PisiformB.HamateLabelthebonesinthefigurebelow:C.CapitateA:____________D.TrapezoidB:____________E.TrapeziumC:____________D:____________E:_____________UpgradetoremoveadsOnly$35.99/year(1)Thetextbookstatesthatosteoporosisisabonetissuediseasewherethebonetissue degeneratesfasterthanitisApatient hasadiagnosisofreplacedmakingthebonesweak,causingincreasedpain,osteoporosis.(1)Inyourownwords,andmorelikelyto fractureduetothembeingbrittle.describethisdiagnosisand(2)What(2)Furthermore,therewouldbeadecreasednumberoftypeofbonecellwouldtheybeosteoblasts,whichareresponsibleforbonerepair;also,thelacking?Explainyouranswer.bonerepairwouldbeunabletokeepupwiththeongoingbreakdownofthebonewhichisresponsibleintheprocessthat includedtheosteoblaststhattakethecalcium fromtheblood.

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B:TemporalisLabelthefollowingfivemuscles:C:OrbicularisoculiE:ZygomaticusmajorB:_____________G:BuccinatorC:_____________J:DepressorlabiiinferiorisE:_____________G:_____________J:______________Whenextensordigitorumcontracts,F.B&Dwhataction(s)occurs?A.ElbowextensionB.WristextensionC.Extensionofdigit1D.Extensionofdigits2-5E.A&CF.B&DYes, thetextbookstatedthat boththemaleand femaleWouldyouexpectamaletohavebodiesproduce“all”thesexhormones;however,theratiosestrogenintheirbloodstream?aredifferent;also,theadrenalglandsarelargelyExplainwhyorwhynot.responsibleforproducingthis“opposite”hormonethatthegonadsofthepersondoesnot.Listthehormone(s)thatbestADHdescribesthe statementbelow:Ipromotethereabsorptionofwateratthe collectingductsofthekidneys.Listthehormone(s)thatbestInsulindescribesthe statementbelow:Iamsecretedbythebetacellsofthepancreas.

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UpgradetoremoveadsOnly$35.99/yearWhen there is a low level of thyroxin in the blood, theExplainindetailwhythethyroidanterior pituitary gland continues to produce TSH; so, thebecomesenlargedduringaniodinethyroidreactsbyincreasinginsizeandproducingagoiter,butthisincreaseinsizeisineffectivebecauseactivethyroxindeficiency?cannot beproducedwithoutiodine.A)PaciniancorpuscleA-IdentifythesensorycellreceptorB)Detectspressure(mechanoreceptor)highlightedinblue,below,alsoindicatedbythearrow.B-Whatsensoryinformationisdetectedbythistypeofreceptor?FibroblastsMatchthecellwith itssingle bestProducescollagendescription,usingeachdescriptionKeratinocytesonlyonce.ProducesaproteintoprotecttheskinFibroblastsProducescollagenLangerhanscellsKeratinocytesAssistsinimmuneresponsesProducesaproteintoprotecttheskinLangerhanscellsMelanocytesAssistsinimmuneresponsesProducesapigmentthatabsorbsUVraysMelanocytesProducesapigmentthatabsorbsUVOtherIncorrectMatchOptions:raysDetectspainDetectslighttouchSebaceous gland (oil gland) produces oil (sebum) to protectthe skinand hairfromdrying.What isthenameandfunctionofthestructurebelow?(Highlightedinblue,alsoindicatedbythearrow)

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usedtoindicate"furtherfromtheoriginofthebodypart"?What isthestudyofthefunctionofPhysiologythehumanbody?Epitheliumisanexample ofwhatlevelTissueoforganizationinthehumanbody?What isthebreakdownofnutrients?CatabolismListthefourbasictypesoftissues.Epithelium,Muscle, Connective,andNervoustissues.ListthethreelayersoftheskininorderEpidermis(OuterLayer),Dermis(MiddleLayer),andfromsuperficialtodeep.ThemostHypodermis (Subcutaneous and Inner Layer)superficiallayeroftheskinshouldbeatthetopofyourlist.Toreceivecreditthelayersmustbeinthisorder.Note:EssayanswersmustclearlybeCatabolichormonebecauseitisbreakingdownofalargerinyourownwords.substance,glycogen,intotheirsimpler,smallerbuildingblockswithintheliver(releasingenergyintheprocess).Glucagonstimulatesthebreakdownofglycogenintheliver.Baseduponyourlearningofmetabolism,wouldthis be considered an anabolic orcatabolichormone?Explainwhy.WhatanatomicalorientationtermisDorsalusedtoindicate"towardthebackofthebody"?WhatanatomicalorientationtermisSuperiorusedtoindicate"towardtheupperpartofastructure"?WhatanatomicalorientationtermisSuperficial (External)usedtoindicate"towardthebodysurface"?WhatanatomicalorientationtermisDistal

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