ATI TEAS Practice Test Science Part 1

B. Analyze the results.

- There are six steps in the scientific process. The results of step four must be analyzed before reaching the final step. "Develop a conclusion."

B. Quantitative data is more accurate than qualitative data.

The two types of measurement important in science are qualitative (When a numerical result is used) and qualitative (when descriptions or qualities are reported).

- Qualitative data is collected through observation and interviews, and focuses on the informant's behavior and perspectives.

C.

The chart shows two specific changes: snowfall levels from November to April and sunny days from November to April.

D. The epiglottis covers the trachea during swelling, thus preventing food from entering the airway.

- The trachea (windpipe) is cylindrical portion of the reparatory tract that joins the larynx with the lungs.

- The esophagus connects the throat and the stomach. When a person swallows, the esophagus contracts to force the food down into the stomach. The esophagus secretes mucus for lubrication.

- The diaphragm is a muscle that controls the height of the thoracic cavity, increasing the height on contraction (inspiration), and decreasing the height on relaxation (expiration).

B. The pads that support the vertebrae are made up of cartilage.

- Cartilage, a strong form of connective tissue, cushions ad supports the joints. Cartilage also makes up the larynx and the outer ear.

- Bone is a form of connective tissue that comprises the better part of the skeleton. It includes both organic and inorganic substances.

- Tendons connect the muscles to other structures of the body, typically bones. Tendons can increase and decrease in length as the bones move.

- Fat is a combination of lipids; in humans, fat forms a layer beneath the skin and on the outside of the internal organs.

C. Cell layers and cell shape are the criteria for classifying epithelial tissue.

- Cell layers refers to the amount of cells that separate the basement membrane from the surface, such as a simple single layer, a stratified layer (2 or more), or a pseudostratfied layer.

- Cell shapes refer to the shape of the outer cells and can be squamous, columnar or cuboidal.

A. The parathyroid gland is located on the lateral lobes of the thyroid gland in the neck, on the posterior aspect.

- It is part of the endocrine system.

- When the supply of calcium in blood diminishes to unhealthy levels, the parathyroid gland motivates the secretion of a hormone that encourages the bones to release calcium into the bloodstream. The parathyroid Gand also regulates the amount of phosphate in the blood by stimulating the excretion of phosphates in the urine.

D. There are 11 organ systems n the human body.

- Circulatory System

- Digestive System

- Endocrine System

- Integumentary System

- Lymphatic System

- Muscular System

- Nervous System

- Reproductive System

- Respiratory System

- Skeletal System

- Urinary System

B. Cilia.

- The cilia are the tiny hairs in the respiratory system that are responsible for removing reign matter from the lungs.

- The cilia are located within the bronchial tubes, but it is the cilia that have the responsibility for removing inappropriate materials before they enter the lungs.

C. The order of hierarchy of human body structures is as follows:

- Organism

- Organ systems

- Organs

- Tissues

- Cells

- Molecules

- Atoms

Muscles are types of tissues, so muscles do not have a separate place in the hierarchy but instead fall within the types of tissues.

B. 44.90

79.9-35 = 44.90

A. 30

The number of protons is the same for every atom of a given element and is the elements's atomic number; in this case 30 for Zinc (Zn).

B. In the lungs, oxygen is transported from the air to the blood through the process of diffusion.
In which molecules passively move from an area of high concentration to low concentration.
Specifically, the alveolar membranes withdraw the oxygen form the air in the lungs into the bloodstream.


- Osmosis is the passive movement of a water from an area of low solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration through a permeable membrane.
- Reverse osmosis is the active transport of water opposite the concentration gradient from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
- Dissipation is a more general reference of the spread or loss of energy.

A. The parathyroid glands

The parathyroid glands are four small glands that isa on top of the thyroid gland and regulate calcium levels by secreting parathyroid hormone.

The hormone regulates the amount of calcium and magnesium that is excreted by the kidneys into the urine.

A. The large intestine's main function is the reaborsptlon of water into the body to form solid waste.
It also allows for the absorption of vitamin K produced by microbes living inside the large intestine.

- The duodenum is the first second of the small intestine that receives partially digested food from the stomach, also called chyme, further digestion tit with the help of enzymes released by the gall bladder, before it enters into the small intestine.
- The pancreases (not the gall bladder) releases insulin to assist in the removal and transport of sugar in the body.
- The jejunum is the second portion of the small intestine in which amino acids, fatty acids, and sugars are absorbed.

B. The conclusion was that the amount of sunlight received by the pants was affecting their growth.

- The independent variable was the amount of light that was given to the plants and could have been manipulated by the experiment by moving the plants or adding equal parts of light.
- No control was used in this experiment.

B. The integumentary system includes skin, hair, and mucous membranes, all of which are responsible-in part, at least-for blocking disease-causing pathogens from entering the bloodstream.

- The circulatory system distributes vital substances through the body.

- The lymphatic system sends leaked fluids from the cardiovascular system back to the blood vessels.

- The reproductive system stores bodily hormones that influence gender traits.

D. The parasympathetic nerves are active when an individual is ether resting or eating.

- The sympathetic nerves are active when an individual experience a strong emotion, such as fear or excitement.
- Feeling pain and hat fall under the responsibility of the sensory neurons.
Talking and walking fall under the responsibility of the ganglia within the sensory-somatic nervous system.

A. The integumentary system coordinates with the circulatory system to remove excess heat form the body. The superficial blood vessels (those nearest the surface of the skin) dilate to allow the heat to exit the Boyd.
- The hormonal influence on blood pressure is the result of the relationship between the circulatory system and the endocrine system.
- The urinary system is responsible for assisting the regulation of blood's pressure and volume.
- The skeletal system is responsible for assisting the development of blood vessels within the marrow.

C. Blood returns to the heart from both the inferior and superior vena cava, entering into the right atrium, though the tricuspid valve, and into he right ventricle. Once the right ventricle is full, the tricuspid valve closes, and upon heart contraction, the blood is pumped through the pulmonary artery, becoming oxygenated in the lungs. The blood returns to the heart from the lungs through the pulmonary vein, into the left atrium, through the mitral valve, and into the left ventricle.When the left ventricle is full, the mitral valve closes, and the hart contracts and distributes the newly oxygenated blood throughout the Boyd through the aortic valve and into the aorta.

D. Blood is cooled as it passes through capillaries surround the sweat glands.
Heat is absorbed along with excess salt and water and transferred to the glands as sweat.
Droplets of sweat then evaporate from the skin surface to dissipate heat and cool the body

- The kidney, bladder, and liver are NOT involved in regulating body temperature.

D. The skin is a part of the integumentary system, along with the heart, nails, nerves, and glands.
The skin controls fluid loss, protects deep tissues, and synthesizes vitamin D.

- The skeletal system gives the body its bony supporting structure, protects vital organs, collaborates with muscles in body movement, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.
- The muscular system maintains posture, collaborates with the bones in the body movements, uses energy, and generates heat.
- The lymphatic system retrieves fluids leaked from capillaries and contains white blood cells, and part of it support parts of the immune system.

C. micrometers
The best use of the International System of Units (SI) for this situation would be the use of the micrometer as it is the smaller unit of measurement provided and the scientist is using a microscope to view the insects.

B. delivers; expels
- Our respiratory system inhales air, of which oxygen is one component. From that inhaled air, the reparatory system delivers oxygen to the body.
Though gas exchange, it then expels carbon dioxide (CO2) from the body as we exhale.
- The respiratory system obtains oxygen from the air we inhale; it does not create it, and it expels CO2 rather than absorbing it. We do not use our rxepiratyroy systems to exhale oxygen or inhale CO2.

D. the name for a substance that stimulates the production of antibodies is an antigen.
An antigen is any substance perceived by the immune system as dangerous. When the body senses an antigen, it produces an antibody.

- Collagen is one the components of bone, tendon, and cartilage. It is a spongy protein that can be turned into gelatin by boiling.
- Hemoglobin is the part of red blood cells that carries oxygen. In order for the blood to carry enough oxygen to the cells of the body, there has to be a sufficient amount of hemoglobin.
- the lymph is a near-transparent fluid that performs a number of functions in the body. It removes bacteria from tissues, replaces lymphocytes in the blood, and moves fat away from he small intestine. Lymph contains white blood cells. The lymph node is the tissue through which lymph travels in this filtering process.

A. The immune system consists of the lymphatic system, spleen, tonsils, thymus, and bone marrow.

- The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerve cells.
- The circulatory system consists of the heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries.
- The respiratory system consists of the nose, trachea, bronchial tubes, lungs, alveolus, and diaphragm.

A. Turn it into an "if/then" statement.
A formalized hypothesis written int he form of an if/then statement can be tested. A statement may make a prediction or imply a cause/effect relationship, but that does not necessarily make it a good hypothesis.

C. The mass of the ball.

The mass of the ball is appropriately called a control variable for the experiment.
A control or controlled variable is a factor that could be varied, but for testing purpled should remain the same throughout all experiences, otherwise, it could affect the results.

B. The substance thyme does not exist in RNA.
The bases of RNA include uracil, cytosine, guanine, and adenine.

B. Smooth muscle tissue is said to be arranged in a disorderly fashion because it is not striated like the other two types of muscle: cardiac and skeletal. Striations are line that can only be seen with a microscope.

- Smooth muscle is typically found in the supporting tissues of hollow organs and blood vessels.
- Cardiac muscle is found exclusively in the heart; it is responsible for the contractions that pump blood throughout the body.
- Skeletal muscle, by far the most preponderant in the body, controls the movements of the skeleton. The contractions of the skeletal muscle are responsible for all voluntary motion. There is no such thing as rough muscle.

C. Melatonin is produced by the pineal gland.
One the primary function of melatonin is regulation of the circadian cycle, which is the rhythm of sleep and wakefulness.

- Insulin helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood. Without insulin, the body is unable to covert blood sugar into energy.
- Testosterone is the main hormone produced by the testes; it is responsible for the development of adult male sex characteristics.
- Epinephrine, also known as adrenaline, performs a number of functions; it quickens and strengthens the heartbeat and dilates the bronchioles. Epinephrine is one the hormones secreted when the body sense danger.

A. The midsagittal plane refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into equal right and left portions; it is also called the medial plane.

- The frontal or coral plane refers to ta cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections
- The oblique plane is when a cylindrical organ is sectioned with an angular cut across the organ.

B. In the development of genetic traits, one gene must match to a portion for a genetic trait to develop correctly.

B. Uterus.
Skeletal or striated muscles are voluntary muscles that help support the skeletal structures.
Example of striated muscles are the biceps, triceps, quadriceps, gluteus, and gastrocnemius muscles to name a few.
Smooth or involuntary muscles are muscles primarily found in the visceral organs such as the intestines, prostate, reproductive organs, bladder and trachea.

B. Heart
The vertebral cavity (containing the spine) can be found in the dorsal cavity along with the cranial cavity (containing the brain). The ventral body cavity is divided into several subsections; the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavities.
- The heart is int he thoracic cavity, the stomach is int he abdominal cavity, and the testes are the pelvic cavity.

D. Crystalline order

Solids with a fixed shape have crystalline order that defines and maintains that shape.

B. The diaphragm moves downward or contracts to increase the space in the thoracic cavity.
- This downward motion inflates the lungs and contrast the ribs.
- The heart's position does not change during inspiration or expiration.

B. Endoplasmic Reticulum
The endoplasmic reticulum is the cell's transport network that moves proteins form one part of the ell to another.

- The Golgi apparatus assist int he transport but is not the actual transport network.
- Mitochrondia are organelles ("tiny organs") that help in the production of ATP, which the cells need to operate properly.
- The nucleolus participates in the production of ribosomes that are needed t generate proteins for the cell.

A.
There are four phases of mitosis: the prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

- During the prophase of mitosis, the mitotic spindle fibers begin to form.
- Next, during the metaphase, the chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.
- Next, in the anaphase of mitosis, the chromosomes originally in pairs, separated move to the opposite ends of the cells.
- then, during the telophase, two nuclei form around the separated chromosomes, each surrounded by a nuclear membrane.

A. The table reflects student scores for each quarter.

The trend that can be seen int he graph is an increase in scores as the year progressed.

- The graph label mentions a test review, but there is not enough information abut that to know if that is the reason for the scores changing.

A. The right lung has three segments: upper, medial and lower.
- The left lung has two lobes: upper and lower.
- The lobes are further divided into segments.
- The right lung comprises ten segments: three in the right upper, two in the right medial lobe, and five int he right lower lobe.
- The left lung comprises eight segments: four in the left upper lobe and four in the left lower lobe.

B. Alveoli
Alveoli are air sacs found within the lung parenchyma and are to part of the cardiac system.

- The septum is dividing wall between the right and left sides of the heart.
- The heart has four chambers: the upper two chambers are the right and left atrium and the lower two chambers are the right and left ventricles.

A. Phenotype
The physical expression --such as hair color -- is the result of the phenotype.

- The genotype is the basic genetic code.
- Allele are two or more alternative gene forms that generally arises via mutation, and are located int eh same part of a chromosome.
- A gamete is a germ cell (female or male) that can unite wit the opposite sex germ cell it eh process of zygote formation of sexual reproduction.

B. The pons
The endocrine system is made up of the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testicles.
- They secrete hormones which help regulate mood, growth and development, tissue function, metabolism, and sexual function and reproductive processes.
- The Pons is located in the Brian stem and relays nerve signals that coordinate messages between he brain and the body.

D. The heart is located in the thoracic cavity.

- The thoracic cavity extends from the neck to the diaphragm, which divides the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity.

- Some of the major structures contained int he thoracic cavity are the ribs, heart, lungs, mediastinum, trachea, and the esophagus.

- The spleen is located in the abdominal cavity.

- The brain is located in the cranial cavity.

- The bladder is located in the pelvic cavity.

C. 7

The number of 7 is the "breaking point" between basic and acidic.

- above 7 solutions are considered basic

- below 7 solutions are considered acidic

- for instance, milk, with a pH of 6.5, is actually considered acidic.

- bleach, with a pH of 12.5, is considered basic

B. Anterior
The trachea is anterior or ventral to the esophagus.
The trachea is separated from the esophagus by the epiglottis, which is a flap of cartilage that covers one while the other is in use.
- the trachea's proximal portion is connected to the larynx and the distal portion splits off into the right and left bronchi.

B. Grams
All of the answers use the System of International Units (SI) of measurement with the exception of gallons.
- A liter is the measurement of a liquid.
- Grams are a unit of measurement for the weight of an object, which would be measured on the triple beam balance.
- Meters measure length.

B. Transverse
The transverse plane separates the body into equal upper and lower portions.

- The oblique plane is when a cylindrical organ is sectioned with an angular cut across the organ.
- The midsagittal or medial plane refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body into equal right and left portions.
- The frontal or coronal plane refers to a cut that divides the body into anterior and posterior sections.

C.. Sending messages about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA.
- RNA has several roles, one o which is to act as the messenger and deliver information about the correct sequence of proteins in DNA.

B. inhibitor energy
Catalysts alter the activation energy during a chemical reaction and therefore control the rate of the reaction.
- the substrate is the actual surface that enzymes use during a chemical reaction (and there is no such term as substrate energy).
- Inhibitors and promoters participate in the chemical reaction, but it is the activation energy that catalysts alter to control the overall rate as the reaction occurs.

C. hypodermis

- TC. he stratum basal is the lowest level of the epidermis, which is the surface level.
- The dermis is a layer o connective tissue immediately beneath the epidermis.
- The hypodermic, while not a layer of skin, is part to the integumentary system and it is just below the dermis.

C. BB
Crossing the corresponding alleles from each parents will yield a result of BB in the upper right box of this Punnett square.

C. transmitting nerve impulses between the brain and the rest of the body.

- the circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, lymph, lymph nodes, and blood.
It circles materials throughout the entire body, providing tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen. It is also responsible for transporting hormones and removing waste.
- The nervous system is responsible system is for transmitting nerve impulses that originate in the brain and coordinate action in the rest of the body.T

B. The digestive system helps the body process food. The stomach, mouth, and esophagus all participate in food digestion.
- common disease infecting the digestive system include Crohn's disease, ulcerative Otis, and diverticulosis.
- Diabetes is a disease of the endocrine system, that impacts the release of insulin from the pancreas.

A. The nervous system is the body's communication center.
- The body uses the respiratory system to breathe, and blood is transported by the circulatory system.
- The digestive system breaks down food for the body.

A. The respiratory system uses the lungs, diaphragm, trachea, alveoli, and bronchi to help the body distribute oxygen and remove carbon dioxide.

- While the ribs contain and protect many of these elements, the ribs are part of the musculoskeletal system, which is responsible for providing structure, stability and protection to the internal organs.

A. Neurons
The immune system helps protect the body from bacteria, viruses, infections, another elements that could cause illness.
- A neuron is a nerve cell that is central to the nervous system and transmits nerve impulses.

A. dense bone
The human body has five types of bones: long bones, short bones, irregular bones, flat bones, and sesamoid bones.
While bones may be dense, this is no ta major category of bones in the body.

B.. Sesamoid bones
Sesamoid bones are embedded in tendons.

-Vertical bones, is not a major bone type.
- Long bones contain a long shaft
- Flat bones are thin and curved.

A. Triple beam balance

A triple beam balance would be used to measure the mass (in grams) of the gum in this experiment.

- An anemometer is used to measure wind speed.

- A hot plate is used to heat liquids.

- A microscope is used to magnify microscopic particles or organs.

C. Oxygen
In respiration, the human inhales air, consisting of oxygen, and then produces energy (ATP) and exhales nitrogen, carbon dioxide, and water (in the form of vapor).

- While oxygen is a main component of the respiratory system's process, it is not produced by the respiratory system
- Rather, it is utilized and distributed throughout the body, and then what is not absorbed, is exhaled back into the environment.

C. Pulmonary artery
The pulmonary artery carries oxygen-depleted blood from the heart to the lungs, where CO2 is released and the supply of oxygen is replenished.

D. myocardium
The myocardium is the layer of the layer f the heart that contains the muscle fibers responsible for contraction.

- The endocardium and epicardium are the inner and outer layers of the heart wall, respectively.
- The pericardium is the sac in which the heart sits inside the chest cavity.

A. Pulmonary vein
While generally speaking, veins carry deoxygenated blood and arteries carry oxygenated blood, in this case, the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left side of the heart and the pulmonary arteries carry deoxygenated blood from the right side of the heart to the lungs.
- The aorta, takes oxygenated away from the left side of the heart and distributes it throughout the body.
- The superior vena cava returns unoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart, to then be distributed through the lungs and deoxygenated.

C.
The independent variable that is changed in the experiment in order to determine its effect on the dependent variable or the outcome of the experiment.
- The dependent variable result from the experimenter making only one change to an experiment that can be repeated with the same results.

C. Mitochondria
Mitochondria are often called the power house fo the cell because they provide energy for the cell to function.

- The nucleus is the control center for the cell.
- The cell membrane surrounds the cell and separates the cell from its environments.
- Cytoplasm is the thick fluid within the cell membrane that surrounds the nucleus and contains organelles.

B. Ribosomes are organelles that help synthesize proteins within the cell.
- Cilia and flagella are responsible for cell movement.
- The cell membrane helps the cell maintain its shape and protects it from the environment.
- Lysosomes have digestive enzymes.

B. Cells differentiate so that simple, less specialized cells can become highly specialized cells.

C. Both meiosis and mitosis occur in humans, animals, and plants.
- Mitosis produces cells that are genetically identical, and meiosis produces cells that are genetically different.
- only mitosis occurs asexually

C. Deer migration from surround areas

B.
DNA is the primary carrier of genetic information in most cells.
- RNA serves as a messenger that transmits genetic information from DNA to the cytoplasm off the cells.

C. Small intestine
- Food enters the digestive system through the mouth and proceeds down to the stomach after mastication by the teeth.
- Once in the stomach, enzyme are secreted that begin to digest the specific substances in the food (proteins, carbohydrates, etc.)
- Next, the food passes through to the small intestine where the nutrients are absorbed and then into the large intestine where extra water is absorbed.

C.
After cell division, the daughter cells should be exact copies of the parent cells.
- Therefore, the DNA should replace, or make an exact copy of itself, so that each daughter cell will have the full amount of DNA.

A. Genes are the molecular units that enable parents to pass hereditary traits on to their offspring.
- The blood, organs, cells and hair all contain the genes that makeup the offspring, but these are not basic molecular units.

A. Both DNA and RNA mar made up of 4 nucleotide bases. Both DNA and RNA contain cytosine, guanine, and adenine.
- However, DNA contains thymine and RNA contains uracil.

B. The CFTR gene refers to genetic makeup while the other choices all describe traits are observable.

B.
- because male pattern baldness is a recessive gene, the offspring would need the bb gene combination in order to inherit this trait.
- Possibility 4 corresponds to the bb gene combination.

Complete Punnet square:
B. b
B. BB. Bb
b. Bb. bb

C.

- Because male pattern baldness is recessive, the offspring would need the bb gene combination in order to inherit this trait.

- Therefore, any offspring with the B gene will have a full head of hair. Possibilities 1, 2, and 3 all have the B gene.

B. interstitial fluid is food in the tissues around the cells; intracellular fluid is found within the cells.
- Fluid in the ventricles of the brain and down into the spinal cord is called cerebrospinal fluid.
- Cerebrospinal fluid bathes these sensitive tissues in a fluid that helps to protect hem.
- blood and lymph are the fluids that carry nutrients, oxygen, waste, and lymph material throughout the body.