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QuestionPhysics

Stopping distances and severity of crashes: A. Increase as vehicle speed increases B. Are not affected by vehicle speed C. Decrease as vehicle speed increases
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Step 1:
I'll solve this problem step by step, following the specified LaTeX formatting guidelines:

Step 2:
: Understanding Stopping Distance

Stopping distance is the total distance a vehicle travels from the moment a driver perceives a hazard until the vehicle comes to a complete stop. This involves two key components: - Reaction distance (time to recognize and start braking) - Braking distance (actual distance traveled while braking)

Step 3:
: Relationship Between Speed and Stopping Distance

The stopping distance is directly related to the vehicle's speed. As speed increases, the stopping distance increases exponentially, not linearly.

Step 4:
: Physics Behind Stopping Distance

As velocity ($$v$$) increases, kinetic energy increases quadratically.
The relationship can be explained by the kinetic energy formula: This means: - Doubling speed quadruples kinetic energy - More energy must be dissipated during braking - Longer stopping distances result

Step 5:
: Mathematical Verification

- At 90 mph, stopping distance would be $$9x
This means:

Step 6:
: Crash Severity

Higher speeds also increase crash severity because: - More kinetic energy is transferred during collision - Greater force of impact - Less time to react and avoid collision

Final Answer

Stopping distances and crash severity increase as vehicle speed increases.