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QuestionPhysics

What evidence from the cathode ray tube experiment supports the claim that electrons have a negative charge? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY A. The cathode ray cast a shadow on the tube. B. The cathode ray bent away from a negatively charged plate. C. The cathode ray bent toward a positively charged plate. D. The cathode ray produced heat that caused a wheel to turn.
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Step 1:
I'll solve this step by step, explaining the key evidence from the cathode ray tube experiment that supports electrons having a negative charge.

Step 2:
: Understanding the Cathode Ray Tube Experiment

The cathode ray tube experiment, conducted by J. J. Thomson in the late 19th century, was crucial in discovering the electron. In this experiment, a sealed glass tube was evacuated of air, and electrodes were placed at opposite ends.

Step 3:
: Analyzing the Ray's Behavior

When a high voltage was applied between the electrodes, a beam (cathode ray) was observed traveling from the negative electrode (cathode) to the positive electrode (anode).

Step 4:
: Charge Interaction Evidence

When electric and magnetic fields were applied to the cathode ray, the ray's behavior provided critical insights into its charge: - When a negatively charged plate was placed near the ray, the ray bent AWAY from the negative plate - When a positively charged plate was placed near the ray, the ray bent TOWARD the positive plate

Step 5:
: Charge Determination

This deflection pattern conclusively demonstrated that the cathode ray consisted of negatively charged particles (later identified as electrons).

Step 6:
: Evaluating the Options

A. The shadow is irrelevant to charge determination ❌ B. Bending away from a negative plate indicates negative charge ✅ C. Bending toward a positive plate confirms negative charge ✅ D. Heat production is unrelated to charge determination ❌

Final Answer

B and C are the correct options that provide evidence of the electron's negative charge in the cathode ray tube experiment.