World Politics: The Menu for Choice 10th Edition Test Bank

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CHAPTER 1 World Politics: Analysis, Choice, and ConstraintMULTIPLE CHOICE1.Which of the following did NOT lead to the rapid deterioration of the American-Russian allianceduring World War II?a.The advancement of French troops into Germanyb.The growing disagreements over the rebuilding and occupation of Eastern Europec.The possession of the nuclear bomb by the United Statesd.The death of President Franklin RooseveltANS:AREF:4–52.Why was there so little discussion about whether the bomb should be used in World War II?a.Moral and legal restrictions of warfare were few.b.Soviet-American alliance was deteriorating.c.The bomb would help limit potential Russian intrusions into portions of East Asia.d.All of the above are true.ANS:DREF:53.In the early 1980s, many East Asian countries were characterized as “emerging markets” for theirpolicies ofa.education reform.c.financial deregulation.b.trade protection.d.labor security.ANS:CREF:54.What are the two main explanations for the Asian financial crisis?a.Manipulative foreign direct investment; World Bank loansb.Structural adjustment requirements of loans; weak banking systemc.Authoritarian political practices; financial deregulationd.Currency devaluation; massive corporate bailoutsANS:CREF:6–75.The Asian financial crisis resulted froma.poor regulation.c.exodus of foreign capital.b.high corporate debt.d.all of the above.ANS:DREF:6–76.Some believe that the 9/11 attacks ushered in a period in world politics defined bya.unchecked American power and sustained U.S.-led “war on terrorism”.b.American neo-isolationist policies and global retreat.c.a new period of global market capitalism and economic growth.d.unwavering coalition building between the world’s most powerful states.ANS:AREF:107.al Qaeda’s attack on the World Trade Center was an example ofa.asymmetric warfare.c.guerrilla insurgency.b.civil war.d.military incursion.ANS:AREF:10

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8.What was the new element in the Bush administration’s war on terror?a.It holds nation-states accountable for harboring terrorist groups.b.It rests only those decisions passed through the United Nation’s Security Council.c.It seizes assets of nation-states who harbor terrorist groups.d.It calls for strict sanctions of nation-states who harbor terrorist groups.ANS:AREF:109.In a well-known article, J. David Singer introduced the idea of levels of analysis and discussed twobroad perspectives:a.governments and society.b.international system and nation-state.c.individuals and roles decision-makers’ play.d.governments and nation-states.ANS:BREF:1110.Which level of analysis provides a better view of patterns and generalizations in world politics?a.International systemc.Individual actorb.Nation-stated.None of the aboveANS:AREF:1111.Which level of analysis provides a better view of depth and intensity in world politics?a.International systemc.Individual actorb.Nation-stated.None of the aboveANS:BREF:1212.Of the levels of analysis given below, the most micro level approach to understanding internationalrelations is thea.individual decisionmaker.c.domestic society.b.economic policy.d.global society.ANS:AREF:1213.The level of analysis focusing on individual decisionmakers attempts toa.understand the effect of their roles in the societal or political system on their decisions.b.understand the effect of their education and socialization, personality traits, or physicalhealth on their decisions.c.inform decisionmakers about world events so as to enable them to make better decisions.d.understand the society in which they live because this allows us to better understand theirdecisions.ANS:BREF:1314.Factors such as education and socialization of decisionmakers area.relatively unimportant for determining outcomes in world politics.b.part of the individual level of analysis.c.the strongest determinants of foreign policy outcomes.d.part of the role level of analysis.ANS:BREF:1315.The level of analysis stressing on the governmental structure attempts to

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a.transform authoritarian governmental structures into democratic structures.b.understand how governmental structures are formed.c.understand the opportunities and constraints placed on the decisionmaker due to thestructure of the government.d.why dictatorships fall.ANS:CREF:1416.The level of analysis that is appropriate for understanding Gorbachev’s inability to maintain politicalcontrol after the reforms isa.decisionmakers level.c.domestic society level.b.political level.d.global society level.ANS:CREF:1417.Which level of analysis suggests that a democratic system of government plays a crucial role inexplaining world politics?a.Decisionmakers levelc.Political ideology levelb.Domestic society leveld.Global society levelANS:BREF:14–1518.Examining a country’s material resources is an important component of which level of analysis?a.Decisionmakers levelc.Domestic society levelb.Geological leveld.Global society levelANS:CREF:14–1519.The level of analysis that focuses on the characteristics of the domestic society attempts toa.discover which societies are most susceptible to authoritarian regimes.b.understand the characteristics that make some societies poor and others rich.c.understand the characteristics that make some societies authoritarian and othersdemocratic.d.understand the opportunities and constraints placed on the decisionmaker due to resources,capabilities, expectations, and economic and political organization of the society in whichthe decisionmaker lives.ANS:DREF:14–1520.The level of analysis most appropriate for understanding public support for the U.S. war against theTaliban in Afghanistan is thea.decisionmakers level.c.global society level.b.domestic society level.d.public-opinion level.ANS:BREF:1521.Cultural support for equal rights between men and women led to U.S. support for the wara.against al Qaeda in Iraq.c.against the Contras in Nicaragua.b.against the Taliban in Afghanistan.d.against FARC in Colombia.ANS:BREF:1522.The level of analysis focusing on the world system attempts toa.understand the ongoing relations and patterns of interactions among states.b.explain the popularity of democracies over authoritarian regimes.c.understand world politics in the context of global leaders.

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d.describe the activities of states with respect to one another.ANS:AREF:1523.Of the levels of analysis given below, the most macro level approach to understanding internationalrelations is thea.individual decisionmaker.c.global society.b.domestic society.d.universal system.ANS:CREF:15–1624.The level of analysis that focuses on the distribution of capabilities, state resources, and status ininternational relations isa.international relations.c.the decisionmakers.b.the global society.d.the domestic society.ANS:BREF:15–1625.In addition to acting on behalf of nation-states, decisionmakers in world politics act on behalf ofa.transnational organizations.c.parts of government.b.private organizations.d.all of the above.ANS:DREF:1626.An example of an international nongovernmental organization isa.Amnesty International.c.the United Nations.b.the Department of Defense.d.the Democratic Party.ANS:AREF:1627.Which of the following is the most significant single type of actor in international relations?a.Terroristc.Multinational corporationb.Nation-stated.None of the aboveANS:BREF:1628.An example of a subgroup in a nation-state isa.the Kurds.c.the International Court of Justice.b.Yugoslavia.d.Merrill-Lynch.ANS:AREF:1729.A world in which non-state actors coexist and interact with state actors is known as aa.global institution.c.multinational corporation.b.terrorist cell.d.multicentric model.ANS:DREF:1730.Opportunity depends ona.constraints, resources, and choices.c.intelligence, ability, and information.b.environment, resources, and awareness.d.resources, constraints, and willingness.ANS:BREF:1831.Willingness depends ona.opportunity and capability.c.choice and perception.b.opportunity and perception.d.capability and choice.

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ANS:CREF:1932.Skilled diplomats understand thata.war is inevitable.b.economic competition drives foreign policy.c.external and internal constraints exist and change.d.two factors determine an actor’s choice from the menu.ANS:CREF:20ESSAY1.What strategic considerations contributed to President Harry Truman’s decision to use the atomicbomb on Japan in World War II?ANS:Students’ answers may vary.2.Explain the current international conditions that aided the hijackers in the 9/11 attacks.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.3.How did both domestic and international factors contribute to the Asian financial crisis?ANS:Students’ answers may vary.4.What are the three levels of analyses? Is one more significant for explaining outcomes in worldpolitics?ANS:Students’ answers may vary.5.Why is “world politics” a more appropriate term to explain the international climate we live in today?ANS:Students’ answers may vary.

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CHAPTER 2 Thinking about World Politics: Theory and RealityMULTIPLE CHOICE1.It is argued that peace in Europe between the Napoleonic Wars and World War I was kept bya.President Wilson placing U.S. troops on alert in Europe.b.a systemic balance of power.c.the League of Nations conference.d.the UN Security Council resolutions.ANS:BREF:212.One of the major conclusions reached by liberals after World War I was thata.idealism was not a strong basis for maintaining peace.b.the League of Nations system was fatally flawed.c.the balance-of-power system was fatally flawed.d.the nation-state system was fatally flawed.ANS:CREF:213.After World War I, President Woodrow Wilson advocated the establishment of thea.Organization of American States and a balance-of-power system.b.United Nations with a veto power for major powers.c.League of Nations and other institutions of international law.d.International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.ANS:CREF:224.After World War II, liberal reformers emphasized the creation of a newa.balance of power system.c.realpolitik.b.society of states.d.self-help system.ANS:BREF:225.Which of the following was never a member of the League of Nations?a.United Kingdomc.Russiab.Franced.United StatesANS:DREF:226.After World War II, the liberals advocated the establishment ofa.the UN and a balance-of-power system.b.NATO and a balance-of-power system.c.the UN and the spread of democracy.d.the Warsaw Pact to promote socialism and defeat capitalist imperialism.ANS:CREF:227.Nation-states are by far the most important organizations in world politics, according toa.liberals.c.realists.b.radicals.d.transnationalists.ANS:CREF:228.Realists argue that international organizations like the UN are

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a.important organizations that promote and maintain world peace.b.important organizations because they promote justice and equality among all powers.c.only as important as their most powerful members wish them to be.d.fronts for communist and socialist expansion.ANS:CREF:229.Liberalism is good at explaininga.realpolitik.b.the competitive self-interest of states.c.fights and threats among actors in the system.d.international environmental cooperation.ANS:DREF:2210.Which of the following schools assumes that most nation-states are rational, unitary actors pursuinggoals of national interest, irrespective of their form of government or type of economic organization?a.Liberalismc.Realistb.Radicalismd.TransnationalismANS:CREF:2211.Which of the following schools stress the apparent rise in economic cooperation in the international?a.Liberalismc.Realismb.Radicalismd.TransnationalismANS:AREF:2212.Realists insisted that nation-state behavior can be best explained bya.the advancement of international organizations.b.the anarchic nature of the international system.c.the good-will of leaders.d.democratic values.ANS:BREF:2313.According to realists, people area.naïve.c.self-interested.b.inclined toward cooperation.d.inclined toward violence.ANS:CREF:2314.Which of the following schools argues that governments pursue not abstract national interest but theinterest of dominant class or classes?a.Liberalismc.Realistb.Radicalismd.TransnationalismANS:BREF:2315.Which of the following two schools share the conviction that people are rational and are motivatedlargely by self-interest?a.Realist and liberalc.Constructivist and radicalb.Realist and radicald.Liberal and neorealistANS:BREF:23

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16.The realist notion of self-help refers toa.the desire of nation-states to appeal to a higher authority for protection.b.the tendency of nation-states to band together in times of crisis.c.the consequences of an liberal view of the world.d.the reality that states must look out for their own interests.ANS:DREF:2317.Which of the following schools argues that imperialism and wars are caused by capitalists’ attempts tomaintain their power and exploit other classes?a.Realismc.Radicalismb.Constructivismd.RationalistANS:CREF:2418.Which schools of thought emphasize the importance of non-state actors?a.Liberalism and radicalismc.Realism and liberalismb.Radicalism and realismd.Liberalism and socialismANS:AREF:2519.Which of the following schools believe that the present world system is unsatisfactory and should betransformed into a system of international laws and economic integration?a.Realismc.Radicalismb.Liberalismd.TransnationalismANS:BREF:2520.Which school of international relations treats all actors as agents, with interests and capabilities?a.Realistc.Radicalb.Constructivistd.RationalistANS:DREF:2521.Which approach to the study of world politics disputes the notion that behavior is dictated by the“realities” or logic of anarchy?a.Rationalistc.Constructivistb.Reflectivistd.LiberalANS:CREF:26–2722.Which of school of thought assumes that actors’ perceptions of threats are the result of ongoing socialprocesses?a.Realistc.Radicalb.Constructivistd.RationalistANS:BREF:26–2723.The “power of ideas” is a central scholarly focus ofa.reflectivists.c.radicals.b.constructivists.d.rationalists.ANS:CREF:2724.Which group of scholars believes that scientific objectivity is NOT achievable in social science?a.Reflectivistsc.Radicals

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b.Constructivistsd.RationalistsANS:AREF:2825.Historical approaches to international relations stresseda.dialectical materialism.c.comparability.b.ethical and moral issues.d.description of unique events.ANS:DREF:2926.The new “social scientific approach” that was adopted following World War II assumed thata.international politics was best studied through an historical perspective.b.patterns of social behavior were nonexistent.c.individuals and nation-states are not social beings.d.knowledge could be acquired by investigating patterns of social behavior.ANS:DREF:2927.Social scientific approaches to understanding the worlda.rule out chance.b.replace historical trends with historical facts.c.are absolute laws of probability and behavior.d.assume knowledge can be acquired by studying patterns of social behavior.ANS:DREF:2928.When used in the social sciences and more specifically in the study of international relations, thecomparative methoda.distinguishes facts from opinions in an attempt to predict the future.b.looks for patterns, not uniqueness, while using the past to serve as a guide for the future.c.separates politics from economics while attempting to explain the past and future.d.uses highly descriptive single-case studies with no attempt to accumulate knowledge.ANS:BREF:29–3029.A theory is an intellectual tool thata.is not anything like a model.b.helps us to see how phenomena are interrelated.c.is a set of organized truths about the world.d.is the most precise statement one can make.ANS:BREF:3030.Checking predictions against observed data, an activity central to the scientific method, is known asa.hypothesis testing.c.the comparative method.b.common sense.d.a thought experiment.ANS:AREF:3231.In the study of international relations, theoriesa.can predict future events.c.are probabilistic explanations.b.make world politics more complex.d.None of the above are true.ANS:CREF:3232.The main difference between the physical and social sciences is

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a.it is more difficult to uncover the process of causation underlying correlation in the socialsciences.b.physical science studies make greater contributions to cumulative knowledge building.c.everything can be held constant in the physical sciences and nothing can be held constantin social sciences.d.social sciences create better knowledge for humanity.ANS:AREF:3333.Assumptions area.statements that simplify the task of theory building.b.statements that make the greatest difference in bringing about an outcome.c.statements that connects an explanation to possible real-world observations.d.statements that suggest states’ interests are socially constructed.ANS:CREF:3334.The difference between an independent and a dependent variables isa.dependent variables explain observed outcomes.b.an independent variable explains observed outcomes.c.a dependent variable is an outcome we attempt to explain.d.an independent variable is an outcome we attempt to explain.ANS:CREF:3735.Empirical theory building includesa.finding the causal connection between forces and outcomes.b.determining the rightness and wrongness of state actions.c.constructing models of what international actors do, how they do it, and why.d.rejecting a series of inaccurate hypotheses.ANS:CREF:3836.The scientific methoda.provides us with a lens to understand how states ought to behave.b.is a systematic way of obtaining information and making generalizations.c.is the only value-free method for building theory.d.is the only correct method for understanding all the nuances of world politics.ANS:BREF:3837.According to some realist scholars, the ethics of world politics is best described asa.justice will always prevail.c.capitalists that exploit the poor.b.might makes right.d.no bad deed goes unpunished.ANS:BREF:40ESSAY1.Describe how the world works according to realists, liberals, and radicals. Provide examples.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.

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2.Describe how the world works according to rationalists, constructivists, and reflectivists. Provideexamples.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.3.What are the differences between realist and liberal theories on explaining the nature of the system, theimportant actors, and the nature of their interaction? Explain.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.4.How does the social scientific approach to the study of international relations differ from the study ofinternational history and international law? Explain.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.5.What are the core assumptions for realism, liberalism and radicalism? Which group of assumptionsmost accurately depicts world politics? Explain.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.6.What is the role of morality and ethics in world politics? Explain.ANS:Students’ answers may vary.

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CHAPTER 3 Global Actors: States and Other Players on the World StageMULTIPLE CHOICE1.“We-feelings” develop more easilya.as the nation-state promotes patriotic policies.b.with increase of communication flows.c.as people recognize common racial origins.d.as legal norms develop promoting shared identity.ANS:BREF:442.A nation is defined asa.a political structure with defined geographic borders.b.a homogenous group of people.c.a people who feel themselves part of some larger identity group.d.a legal entity consisting of a government.ANS:CREF:443.Nationalism refers to the complex set of psychological, cultural, and social forces thata.are concentrated entirely in the less developed countries.b.drive the formation of a nation.c.are clear evidence of the breakdown of nation-states.d.have been declining over recent years.ANS:BREF:444.Many scholars date the modern nation-state from thea.early 1300s.b.signing of the Declaration of Independence.c.Treaty of Westphalia.d.end of World War II.ANS:CREF:445.The dominant process reflecting nationalism through the period ending with World War II, andreemerging in the past decade is driven by thea.desire of several national groups to coalesce into a larger political unit.b.desire of national groups to separate from larger entities and form their own states.c.drawing of artificial boundaries separating states from each other.d.continued existence of dominant empires in the contemporary world.ANS:BREF:456.In 1945 there were ______ members in the United Nations; now there are _______.a.38; 200c.22; 216b.44; 198d.51; 192ANS:DREF:477.During the feudal era in Europe,a.various levels and ranks of nobility resulted in a system where authority was hierarchical.b.the bipolar system was obviously in place.

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c.the Holy Roman Emperor (or pope) had little impact on governments.d.the balance-of-power system was evident.ANS:AREF:478.Large-scale political organizations have existed fora.almost 400 years.c.200 years.b.7,000 years.d.since the beginning of time.ANS:BREF:479.European bureaucracies were a result ofa.sophisticated technologies that required administration.b.the administrative need required to raise and support armies.c.the realization that politicians cannot make rational decisions in the national interest.d.the emergence of a money economy.ANS:BREF:4810.Martin Luther is an important figure in the development of the modern state system becausea.he called for desegregation of races.b.challenged the spiritual authority of the pope and the Church in Rome.c.he developed Lutheranism as the guiding principle for state policymaking.d.he wrote the Treaty of Westphalia.ANS:BREF:4911.A state is a legal entity that consists of aa.government that manages the affairs of a population in a given territory.b.comprehensive bureaucracy and a detailed list of laws.c.nobles and vassals arrayed against a series of enemies.d.group of people who feel themselves part of some larger identity group.ANS:AREF:5112.The state is an entity having the special legal status ofa.a freely elected government.c.sovereignty.b.predetermined foreign policy.d.an elite-led military.ANS:CREF:5113.Internal sovereignty meansa.a democratically elected government and a just legal order.b.supremacy over all authorities within that territory and population.c.independence of outside influence.d.a military force capable of defending the nation from foreign forces.ANS:BREF:5114.External sovereignty meansa.a democratically elected government and a just legal order.b.supremacy over all authorities within that territory and population.c.independence of outside authorities.d.a military force capable of defending the nation from foreign forces.ANS:CREF:51

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15.The central principle of the Peace of Westphalia was that thea.ruler of a given territory could determine the religion of that territory.b.people of a given territory could elect their own ruler.c.world system was based on competing classes.d.role of local judges should be constantly questioned.ANS:AREF:5116.A major distinguishing feature of the Westphalian state system from other systems at the time isa.loyalty to local authorities within the territory.b.loyalty to one king or prince in the territory.c.common race and religion as key elements of the state.d.constitutions to guide state behavior.ANS:BREF:5117.The state is the only actor with the legal monopoly toa.tax.c.use force.b.provide security.d.colonize.ANS:CREF:5218.The state is the only form of international actor that controlsa.territory.c.bureaucracy.b.ethnicity.d.the environment.ANS:AREF:5219.The anarchic system of states recognized by the Peace of Westphaliaa.remains unscathed, without challenge, to this day.b.has been challenged by the notion of popular sovereignty.c.ignored the principle of dynastic succession.d.None of the above is true.ANS:BREF:5320.As the most powerful nation-states of their time, these two nation-states were responsible for playing akey role in maintaining the balance of power after the Congress of Vienna in 1815.a.Great Britain and Russiac.France and Austria-Hungaryb.Great Britain and Franced.Germany and the United StatesANS:AREF:5321.In 1815, the Congress of Vienna was like the Peace of Westphalia in that ita.was convened at the behest of the Holy Roman Emperor.b.favored republicanism over dynastic succession.c.tried to take into account the appeal of the technological growth.d.learned from the failure of the old system and tried to revise it.ANS:DREF:53–5422.The Concert of Europe wasa.a festival marking the establishment of the modern nation-state system.b.an arrangement among great powers to meet periodically to resolve emerging conflicts.c.a treaty bringing Britain and Russia together in an alliance.

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d.an agreement between small states to balance the power of larger states.ANS:BREF:5423.The Franco-Prussian War of 1870a.resulted in Germany’s defeat.b.transferred the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to France.c.resulted in France’s defeat.d.capped the unification of German as the most powerful state on the European continent.ANS:DREF:5424.U.S. failure to join the League of Nations resulted froma.German unwillingness to allow American occupation following WWI.b.French animosity toward America.c.refusal of the U.S. Senate to support American involvement in the forum.d.Woodrow Wilson’s stubborn refusal to involve America in Europe.ANS:CREF:5525.The Treaty of ___________officially ended WWI.a.Westphaliac.Versaillesb.Daytond.RomeANS:CREF:5526.Woodrow Wilson’s notion of collective security, embedded in the League of Nations, required thata.all members would agree to jointly oppose a threat to the security of any of them.b.most members would agree to counteract any major security threats.c.the Security Council regularly discuss threatening countries.d.the concept self-determination be ignored.ANS:AREF:5527.The members of an intergovernmental organization area.nations.c.states.b.governments at all levels.d.state and nonstate actors.ANS:CREF:5728.An example of a general purpose intergovernmental organization is thea.International Statistical Institute.b.World Health Organization.c.Organization of African Unity.d.National Center for Atmospheric Research.ANS:CREF:5829.An example of a functional intergovernmental organization is thea.World Health Organization (WHO).c.Organization of American States.b.UN.d.International Red Cross.ANS:AREF:5930.An example of a supranational intergovernmental organization is thea.UN.c.International Monetary Fund.

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