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Test Bank For Understanding Psychology, 11th Edition

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 1 Chapter 01 Introduction to Psychology Multiple Choice Questions 1. (p. 5) Psychology is defined as the: A. intuition - based approach to study human behavior. B. speculative method to find answers about human cognition. C. study of mental disorders and their treatment. D. scientific study of behavior and mental processes. APA Goal Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 1 2. (p. 5) Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying: A. internal medicine. B. behavior and mental processes. C. mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment. D. the disorders of the central nervous system. APA Goal Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 1 3. (p. 5) A single - sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because: A. it is very difficult to study the mind and behavior scientifically. B. psychology is a narrower, more specific field than a general definition might suggest. C. psychologists disagree on how broad psychology should really be. D. the discipline of psychology really has no core or center. APA Goal Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 1

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 2 4. (p. 5) Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology? A. Obfuscation B. Description C. Prediction D. Explanation APA Goal Outcome: 1.1, 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 1 5. (p. 5) In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists: A. rely on the scientific method. B. use their intuition. C. rely on the study of internal medicine. D. use speculation. APA Goal Outcome: 1.1, 2.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 1 6. (p. 6) In what way are the diverse subfields of psychology related? A. They allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior in the same way. B. They ultimately share a common goal. C. They always lead to an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) degree. D. They are not related at all, other than being considered part of psychology. APA Goal Outcome: 1.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 3 7. (p. 6) Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in the brain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work BEST exemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology. A. cognitive B. experimental C. developmental D. behavioral neuroscience APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 8. (p. 7) Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world? A. Behavioral neuroscience B. Developmental psychology C. Experimental psychology D. Health psychology APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 9. (p. 7) Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with its description? A. Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system and behavior B. Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through death C. Experimental: examines the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinking D. Clinical: deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 4 10. (p. 7) Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with a sample topic? A. Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical health B. Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive - compulsive disorder C. Cognitive psychology: the influence of on event on people's thinking D. Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggression APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 11. (p. 7) How are cognitive and experimental psychology related? A. They are the same. B. They are two completely distinct subfields of psychology. C. Cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology. D. Experimental psychology is part of cognitive psychology. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 12. (p. 7) _____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. A. Developmental B. Personality C. Clinical D. Cognitive APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 5 13. (p. 7) Why is the term experimental psychology considered somewhat misleading? A. Psychologists in every subfield use the experimental method. B. The term is no longer in existence. C. Most psychological topics are not suited to experimental study. D. Experimental methods are only appropriate to the study of the biological bases of behavior. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 14. (p. 7) Developmental psychology: A. focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B. studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death. C. focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. D. deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 15. (p. 7) Personality psychology: A. focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B. focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate one person from another. C. focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language. D. deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 6 16. (p. 7) Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and young adulthood; Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Chen is a(n) _____ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a _____. A. experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologist B. health psychologist; clinical psychologist C. developmental psychologist; personality psychologist D. clinical psychologist; counseling psychologist APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 17. (p. 7) Dr. Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through elementary and middle - school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) _____ psychologist. A. clinical B. evolutionary C. experimental D. developmental APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 7 18. (p. 7) At a conference on terrorism research, a panel of psychologists is discussing suicide bombers. Dr. Gerami outlines the role of charismatic leaders in encouraging the actions of suicide bombers. Dr. Hespeler argues that sometimes, suicide bombing may be seen as a rational response to a particular system of beliefs. Finally, Dr. Islington reviews the internal traits associated with suicide bombing. Which of the following alternatives BEST identifies the subfields in which each of these psychologists probably specializes? A. Dr. Gerami: personality psychology; Dr. Hespeler: cross - cultural psychology; Dr. Islington: social psychology B. Dr. Gerami: social psychology; Dr. Hespeler: personality psychology; Dr. Islington: cross - cultural psychology C. Dr. Gerami: social psychology; Dr. Hespeler: cross - cultural psychology; Dr. Islington: personality psychology D. Dr. Gerami: cross - cultural psychology; Dr. Hespeler: experimental psychology; Dr. Islington: personality psychology APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 19. (p. 7) Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologists are holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz is outlining strategies to help laid - off adults avoid overeating, or the use of drugs or alcohol. Dr. Kurutz is most clearly a(n) _____ psychologist. A. experimental B. cross - cultural C. social D. health APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 8 20. (p. 7) Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factors and physical ailments or disease? A. Developmental psychology B. Health psychology C. Perceptual psychology D. Clinical neuropsychology APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learni ng Outcome: 1 - 2 21. (p. 8) How do clinical and counseling psychology differ? A. Clinical psychology requires more advanced study than does counseling psychology. B. Clinical psychologists have a PhD or an MD degree, whereas counseling psychologists have a PsyD degree. C. Counseling psychologists deal with problems that are more specific than the problems that clinical psychologists deal with. D. Clinical and counseling psychology are synonymous. APA Goal Outcome: 4.1, 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 22. (p. 8) Fiona helps students with ADHD develop effective study regimens and strategies. Fiona is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist. A. health B. experimental C. developmental D. counseling APA Goal Outcome: 4.1, 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 9 23. (p. 8) Counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to practice in: A. hospitals. B. laboratories. C. offices. D. colleges. APA Goal Outcome: 4.1, 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 24. (p. 8) Dr. Growe is reading about a research in which psychologists investigated the effect of group size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading the Journal of _____ Psychology . A. Developmental B. Social C. Counseling D. Evolutionary APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 25. (p. 8) Social psychology: A. focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B. deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders. C. investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and across various cultures and ethnic groups. D. is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 10 26. (p. 8) _____ psychologists concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, liking and loving, persuasion, and conformity. A. Counseling B. Social C. Evolutionary D. Clinical APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 27. (p. 8) Which of the following is NOT one of the three newer branches of psychology's family tree? A. Counseling psychology B. Behavioral genetics C. Evolutionary psychology D. Clinical neuropsychology APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 28. (p. 8) Evolutionary psychologists are especially interested in: A. how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. B. the genetic basis of physical characteristics. C. how thought and behavior are influenced by the structure of the brain. D. how personality traits and social behavior vary across cultures. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 11 29. (p. 8) Charles Darwin's book On the Origin of Species was published in: A. 1529 B. 1739 C. 1859 D. 1939 APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 30. (p. 8) In what way, if any, do evolutionary psychologists go beyond Darwin's arguments? A. They suggest that culture influences the nature of behavioral and mental processes. B. They argue that our genetic heritage influences our physical characteristics. C. They argue that our genetic heritage determines aspects of our personality and social behavior. D. They do not go beyond Darwin's original arguments. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 31. (p. 8) Dr. Lin and Dr. Marino both study obesity. Dr. Lin relates the likelihood of obesity to levels of the trait of neuroticism - the tendency to experience upsetting emotions. Dr. Marino relates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone, with family members, or in the presence of larger groups of friends, acquaintances, or strangers. Which of the following statements is most likely TRUE regarding the subfields in which Dr. Lin and Dr. Marino specialize? A. Dr. Marino is a social psychologist. B. Dr. Lin is a social psychologist. C. Dr. Marino is a personality psychologist. D. Dr. Lin is a behavioral psychologist. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 12 32. (p. 8) Central State University's Department of Psychology is considering expanding its doctoral program to include an additional specialty. The department wants to focus on a "growth" area likely to attract federal research funding, as well as up - and - coming new faculty and bright, passionate graduate students. Which of the following specialties should the department consider most closely? A. Developmental psychology B. Evolutionary psychology C. Perceptual psychology D. Clinical neuropsychology APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 33. (p. 9) What might be the most controversial aspect of the evolutionary psychology position? A. They hold the notion that our evolutionary heritage influences our physical characteristics. B. They promote the idea that our evolutionary heritage might influence aspects of our behavioral and mental processes. C. Evolutionary psychologists downplay the influence of biological inheritance on thought and behavior. D. Evolutionary psychologists minimize the role of environmental and social forces. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 34. (p. 9) Whi ch of the following areas of psychology focuses on the biological mechanisms that enable inherited behavior to unfold? A. Clinical neuropsychology B. Behavioral genetics C. Cognitive psychology D. Experimental psychology APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 13 35. (p. 9) Which of the following areas is CORRECTLY matched with its description? A. Evolutionary psychology: focuses on the biological mechanisms enabling inherited behavior to unfold B. Behavioral genetic: considers how our behavior is influenced by our genetic heritage from our ancestors C. Clinical neuropsychology: focuses on the biological origin of psychological disorders D. Behavioral genetics: examines the genetic basis of behavioral disorders APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 36. (p. 9) Dr. Hart investigates how depressive disorders are related to levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Dr. Hart's research falls within the field of: A. clinical neuropsychology. B. behavioral genetics. C. cognitive psychology. D. experimental psychology. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Apply Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2 37. (p. 9) Clinical neuropsychology: A. focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems. B. considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors. C. seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits. D. focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 1 - 2

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 14 38. (p. 9) Beatriz has just received her doctoral degree in psychology. All else being equal, in which of the following settings is she most likely to find employment? A. A college/university B. The military C. A hospital D. A large business corporation APA Goal Outcome: 1.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 3 39. (p. 9,18) The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatment of obesity, a major public health problem in the area. Dr. Nolan is researching the potential of a drug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus. Dr. Osterman attempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating. Which of the following statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists? A. Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist. B. Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a counseling psychologist. C. Dr. Nolan is a social psychologist; Dr. Osterman is a humanistic psychologist. D. Dr. Nolan is a behavioral psychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist. APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 2, 2 - 2 40. (p. 10) Approximately how many psychologists are there in the United States? A. 50,000 B. 100,000 C. 300,000 D. 600,000 APA Goal Outcome: 10.2 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 3

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    Chapter 01 - Introduction to Psychology 1 - 15 41. (p. 10) Currently, women earn _____ of new psychology doctorate degrees in the United States. A. one - tenth B. half C. three - fourth D. ninety percent APA Goal Outcome: 5.5, 8.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 3 42. (p. 10 - 11) Which figure best approximates the percentage of American psychologists who belong to racial minority groups? A. 6% B. 15% C. 25% D. 32% APA Goal Outcome: 5.5, 8.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Remember Difficulty: Medium Learning Outcome: 1 - 3 43. (p. 11) Which of the following statements concerning the representation of racial and ethnic minorities among American psychologists is TRUE? A. The number of minority members entering the field is about the same as it was 10 years ago. B. The number of minority members entering the field is higher than it was 10 years ago. C. The increase in the number of degrees awarded to minority members has outpaced the growth of the minority population. D. The number of minority members entering the field has decreased over the years. APA Goal Outcome: 5.5, 8.1 Bloom's Taxonomy: Understand Difficulty: Difficult Learning Outcome: 1 - 3

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