Test Bank For Understanding Psychology, 11th Edition

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1Chapter 01Introduction to PsychologyMultiple Choice Questions1.(p.5)Psychology is defined as the:A.intuition-based approach to study human behavior.B.speculative method to find answers about human cognition.C.study of mental disorders and their treatment.D.scientific study of behavior and mental processes.APA Goal Outcome: 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-12.(p.5)Akira has declared psychology as his major. He will be studying:A.internal medicine.B.behavior and mental processes.C.mental disorders and their diagnosis and treatment.D.the disorders of the central nervous system.APA Goal Outcome: 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-13.(p.5)A single-sentence definition of psychology may be misleading because:A.it is very difficult to study the mind and behavior scientifically.B.psychology is a narrower, more specific field than a general definition might suggest.C.psychologists disagree on how broad psychology should really be.D.the discipline of psychology really has no core or center.APA Goal Outcome: 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-1

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-24.(p.5)Which of the following is NOT one of the goals of psychology?A.ObfuscationB.DescriptionC.PredictionD.ExplanationAPA Goal Outcome: 1.1, 2.1Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-15.(p.5)In order to study mind and behavior, psychologists:A.rely on the scientific method.B.use their intuition.C.rely on the study of internal medicine.D.use speculation.APA Goal Outcome: 1.1, 2.1Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-16.(p.6)In what way are the diverse subfields of psychology related?A.They allow psychologists to explain different types of behavior in the same way.B.They ultimately share a common goal.C.They always lead to an M.D. (Doctor of Medicine) degree.D.They are not related at all, other than being considered part of psychology.APA Goal Outcome: 1.1Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-37.(p.6)Dr. Alvarez studies how the degeneration of certain components of nerve cells in thebrain might contribute to the development of multiple sclerosis. Dr. Alvarez's work BESTexemplifies the _____ subfield of psychology.A.cognitiveB.experimentalC.developmentalD.behavioral neuroscienceAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-28.(p.7)Which of the following branches of psychology studies the processes of sensing,perceiving, learning, and thinking about the world?A.Behavioral neuroscienceB.Developmental psychologyC.Experimental psychologyD.Health psychologyAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-29.(p.7)Which of the following subfields of psychology is INCORRECTLY matched with itsdescription?A.Behavioral neuroscience: examines the relationship between the nervous system andbehaviorB.Cognitive: examines how people grow and change from conception through deathC.Experimental: examines the processes of sensing, perceiving, learning, and thinkingD.Clinical: deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disordersAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-410.(p.7)Which of the following subfields of psychology is CORRECTLY matched with asample topic?A.Behavioral neuroscience: the influence of chronic stress on physical healthB.Developmental psychology: the effectiveness of drug therapy for obsessive-compulsivedisorderC.Cognitive psychology: the influence of on event on people's thinkingD.Health psychology: the role that frustration plays in producing aggressionAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-211.(p.7)How are cognitive and experimental psychology related?A.They are the same.B.They are two completely distinct subfields of psychology.C.Cognitive psychology is part of experimental psychology.D.Experimental psychology is part of cognitive psychology.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-212.(p.7)_____ psychology focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory,reasoning, problem solving, judging, decision making, and language.A.DevelopmentalB.PersonalityC.ClinicalD.CognitiveAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-513.(p.7)Why is the termexperimental psychologyconsidered somewhat misleading?A.Psychologists in every subfield use the experimental method.B.The term is no longer in existence.C.Most psychological topics are not suited to experimental study.D.Experimental methods are only appropriate to the study of the biological bases of behavior.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-214.(p.7)Developmental psychology:A.focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.B.studies how people grow and change from the moment of conception through death.C.focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problemsolving, judging, decision making, and language.D.deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-215.(p.7)Personality psychology:A.focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.B.focuses on the consistency in people's behavior over time and the traits that differentiate oneperson from another.C.focuses on higher mental processes, including thinking, memory, reasoning, problemsolving, judging, decision making, and language.D.deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-616.(p.7)Dr. Chen studies how people grow and change during late adolescence and youngadulthood; Dr. Doherty focuses on several traits that distinguish one person from another. Dr.Chen is a(n) _____ psychologist; Dr. Doherty is a _____.A.experimental psychologist; cognitive psychologistB.health psychologist; clinical psychologistC.developmental psychologist; personality psychologistD.clinical psychologist; counseling psychologistAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-217.(p.7)Dr. Ebrahim examines how children's friendships change through elementary andmiddle-school years. Dr. Ebrahim is a(n) _____ psychologist.A.clinicalB.evolutionaryC.experimentalD.developmentalAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-718.(p.7)At a conference on terrorism research, a panel of psychologists is discussing suicidebombers. Dr. Gerami outlines the role of charismatic leaders in encouraging the actions ofsuicide bombers. Dr. Hespeler argues that sometimes, suicide bombing may be seen as arational response to a particular system of beliefs. Finally, Dr. Islington reviews the internaltraits associated with suicide bombing. Which of the following alternatives BEST identifies thesubfields in which each of these psychologists probably specializes?A.Dr. Gerami: personality psychology; Dr. Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr. Islington:social psychologyB.Dr. Gerami: social psychology; Dr. Hespeler: personality psychology; Dr. Islington:cross-cultural psychologyC.Dr. Gerami: social psychology; Dr. Hespeler: cross-cultural psychology; Dr. Islington:personality psychologyD.Dr. Gerami: cross-cultural psychology; Dr. Hespeler: experimental psychology; Dr.Islington: personality psychologyAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-219.(p.7)Enterprise City has been hard hit by a recent economic downturn. Local psychologistsare holding a public workshop to help the citizens cope with the adversity. Dr. Kurutz isoutlining strategies to help laid-off adults avoid overeating, or the use of drugs or alcohol. Dr.Kurutz is most clearly a(n) _____ psychologist.A.experimentalB.cross-culturalC.socialD.healthAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-820.(p.7)Which branch of psychology explores the relationship between psychological factorsand physical ailments or disease?A.Developmental psychologyB.Health psychologyC.Perceptual psychologyD.Clinical neuropsychologyAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-221.(p.8)How do clinical and counseling psychology differ?A.Clinical psychology requires more advanced study than does counseling psychology.B.Clinical psychologists have a PhD or an MD degree, whereas counseling psychologists havea PsyD degree.C.Counseling psychologists deal with problems that are more specific than the problems thatclinical psychologists deal with.D.Clinical and counseling psychology are synonymous.APA Goal Outcome: 4.1, 10.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-222.(p.8)Fiona helps students with ADHD develop effective study regimens and strategies.Fiona is most likely a(n) _____ psychologist.A.healthB.experimentalC.developmentalD.counselingAPA Goal Outcome: 4.1, 10.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-923.(p.8)Counseling psychologists are more likely than clinical psychologists to practice in:A.hospitals.B.laboratories.C.offices.D.colleges.APA Goal Outcome: 4.1, 10.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-224.(p.8)Dr. Growe is reading about a research in which psychologists investigated the effect ofgroup size on the conformity of group members. Dr. Growe is most likely reading theJournalof _____ Psychology.A.DevelopmentalB.SocialC.CounselingD.EvolutionaryAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-225.(p.8)Social psychology:A.focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.B.deals with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of psychological disorders.C.investigates the similarities and differences in psychological functioning in and acrossvarious cultures and ethnic groups.D.is the study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and actions are affected by others.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1026.(p.8)_____ psychologists concentrate on diverse topics such as human aggression, likingand loving, persuasion, and conformity.A.CounselingB.SocialC.EvolutionaryD.ClinicalAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-227.(p.8)Which of the following is NOT one of the three newer branches of psychology's familytree?A.Counseling psychologyB.Behavioral geneticsC.Evolutionary psychologyD.Clinical neuropsychologyAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-228.(p.8)Evolutionary psychologists are especially interested in:A.how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.B.the genetic basis of physical characteristics.C.how thought and behavior are influenced by the structure of the brain.D.how personality traits and social behavior vary across cultures.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1129.(p.8)Charles Darwin's bookOn the Origin of Specieswas published in:A.1529B.1739C.1859D.1939APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-230.(p.8)In what way, if any, do evolutionary psychologists go beyond Darwin's arguments?A.They suggest that culture influences the nature of behavioral and mental processes.B.They argue that our genetic heritage influences our physical characteristics.C.They argue that our genetic heritage determines aspects of our personality and socialbehavior.D.They do not go beyond Darwin's original arguments.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-231.(p.8)Dr. Lin and Dr. Marino both study obesity. Dr. Lin relates the likelihood of obesity tolevels of the trait of neuroticism-the tendency to experience upsetting emotions. Dr. Marinorelates obesity to the frequency with which individuals eat alone, with family members, or inthe presence of larger groups of friends, acquaintances, or strangers. Which of the followingstatements is most likely TRUE regarding the subfields in which Dr. Lin and Dr. Marinospecialize?A.Dr. Marino is a social psychologist.B.Dr. Lin is a social psychologist.C.Dr. Marino is a personality psychologist.D.Dr. Lin is a behavioral psychologist.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.4Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1232.(p.8)Central State University's Department of Psychology is considering expanding itsdoctoral program to include an additional specialty. The department wants to focus on a"growth" area likely to attract federal research funding, as well as up-and-coming new facultyand bright, passionate graduate students. Which of the following specialties should thedepartment consider most closely?A.Developmental psychologyB.Evolutionary psychologyC.Perceptual psychologyD.Clinical neuropsychologyAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-233.(p.9)What might be the mostcontroversialaspect of the evolutionary psychology position?A.They hold the notion that our evolutionary heritage influences our physical characteristics.B.They promote the idea that our evolutionary heritage might influence aspects of ourbehavioral and mental processes.C.Evolutionary psychologists downplay the influence of biological inheritance on thought andbehavior.D.Evolutionary psychologists minimize the role of environmental and social forces.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-234.(p.9)Which of the following areas of psychology focuses on the biological mechanisms thatenable inherited behavior to unfold?A.Clinical neuropsychologyB.Behavioral geneticsC.Cognitive psychologyD.Experimental psychologyAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1335.(p.9)Which of the following areas is CORRECTLY matched with its description?A.Evolutionary psychology: focuses on the biological mechanisms enabling inheritedbehavior to unfoldB.Behavioral genetic: considers how our behavior is influenced by our genetic heritage fromour ancestorsC.Clinical neuropsychology: focuses on the biological origin of psychological disordersD.Behavioral genetics: examines the genetic basis of behavioral disordersAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-236.(p.9)Dr. Hart investigates how depressive disorders are related to levels of theneurotransmitter serotonin in the brain. Dr. Hart's research falls within the field of:A.clinical neuropsychology.B.behavioral genetics.C.cognitive psychology.D.experimental psychology.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2Bloom's Taxonomy: ApplyDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-237.(p.9)Clinical neuropsychology:A.focuses primarily on educational, social, and career adjustment problems.B.considers how behavior is influenced by our genetic inheritance from our ancestors.C.seeks to understand how we might inherit certain behavioral traits.D.focuses on the origin of psychological disorders in biological factors.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: EasyLearning Outcome: 1-2

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1438.(p.9)Beatriz has just received her doctoral degree in psychology. All else being equal, inwhich of the following settings is she most likely to find employment?A.A college/universityB.The militaryC.A hospitalD.A large business corporationAPA Goal Outcome: 1.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-339.(p.9,18)The local state university has opened a new center devoted to the study and treatmentof obesity, a major public health problem in the area. Dr. Nolan is researching the potential of adrug that influences the activity of hunger centers in the brain's hypothalamus. Dr. Ostermanattempts to uncover the unconscious conflicts that may spur compulsive eating. Which of thefollowing statements best describes the orientations of these two psychologists?A.Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist.B.Dr. Nolan is a clinical neuropsychologist; Dr. Osterman is a counseling psychologist.C.Dr. Nolan is a social psychologist; Dr. Osterman is a humanistic psychologist.D.Dr. Nolan is a behavioral psychologist; Dr. Osterman is a psychodynamic psychologist.APA Goal Outcome: 1.2, 4.2Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-2, 2-240.(p.10)Approximately how many psychologists are there in the United States?A.50,000B.100,000C.300,000D.600,000APA Goal Outcome: 10.2Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-3

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Chapter 01-Introduction to Psychology1-1541.(p.10)Currently, women earn _____ of new psychology doctorate degrees in the UnitedStates.A.one-tenthB.halfC.three-fourthD.ninety percentAPA Goal Outcome: 5.5, 8.1Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-342.(p.10-11)Which figure best approximates the percentage of American psychologists whobelong to racial minority groups?A.6%B.15%C.25%D.32%APA Goal Outcome: 5.5, 8.1Bloom's Taxonomy: RememberDifficulty: MediumLearning Outcome: 1-343.(p.11)Which of the following statements concerning the representation of racial and ethnicminorities among American psychologists is TRUE?A.The number of minority members entering the field is about the same as it was 10 years ago.B.The number of minority members entering the field is higher than it was 10 years ago.C.The increase in the number of degrees awarded to minority members has outpaced thegrowth of the minority population.D.The number of minority members entering the field has decreased over the years.APA Goal Outcome: 5.5, 8.1Bloom's Taxonomy: UnderstandDifficulty: DifficultLearning Outcome: 1-3

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