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ADHD Diagnostic Criteria and Features
This deck covers the diagnostic criteria, features, prevalence, and differential diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), as well as associated features and comorbidities.
What is the essential feature of ADHD?
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the essential feature of ADHD?
A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development.
How many symptoms of inattention are required for a diagnosis in children?
Six or more symptoms must persist for at least 6 months.
How does hyperactivity manifest in adults with ADHD?
As extreme restlessness or wearing others out with activity.
What is required for an ADHD diagnosis regarding symptom onset?
Several symptoms must be present before age 12.
Name a symptom of inattention in ADHD.
Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes.
What is a common symptom of hyperactivity in ADHD?
Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat.
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the essential feature of ADHD? | A persistent pattern of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity that interferes with functioning or development. |
How many symptoms of inattention are required for a diagnosis in children? | Six or more symptoms must persist for at least 6 months. |
How does hyperactivity manifest in adults with ADHD? | As extreme restlessness or wearing others out with activity. |
What is required for an ADHD diagnosis regarding symptom onset? | Several symptoms must be present before age 12. |
Name a symptom of inattention in ADHD. | Often fails to give close attention to details or makes careless mistakes. |
What is a common symptom of hyperactivity in ADHD? | Often fidgets with or taps hands or feet or squirms in seat. |
What is impulsivity in the context of ADHD? | Hasty actions without forethought, potentially harmful. |
What is the prevalence of ADHD in children worldwide? | Approximately 7.2%. |
How does ADHD typically manifest in preschool? | Primarily as hyperactivity. |
What are some risk factors for ADHD? | Reduced behavioral inhibition, prenatal smoking exposure, very low birth weight. |
What is the heritability estimate for ADHD? | Approximately 74%. |
How does ADHD affect academic performance? | It is associated with reduced school performance and academic attainment. |
What is the gender ratio of ADHD prevalence in children? | Approximately 2:1, more frequent in males. |
What is a common comorbidity with ADHD in children? | Oppositional defiant disorder. |
What is the difference between ADHD and intermittent explosive disorder? | Intermittent explosive disorder involves serious aggression, which is not characteristic of ADHD. |
How does ADHD differ from autism spectrum disorder? | ADHD involves social dysfunction and peer rejection, while autism involves social disengagement and indifference to communication cues. |
What is a common feature of ADHD in adults? | Poor job stability and occupational performance. |
What is the impact of ADHD on peer relationships? | Often disrupted by peer rejection, neglect, or teasing. |
What is the relationship between ADHD and substance use disorders? | ADHD increases the likelihood of developing substance use disorders, especially with conduct disorder. |
What is the significance of cultural factors in ADHD diagnosis? | Cultural differences can affect prevalence rates and diagnostic practices. |
What is the impact of ADHD on driving? | Increased risk of traffic accidents and violations. |
What is the impact of ADHD on family relationships? | Often characterized by discord and negative interactions. |
What is the significance of neuroimaging in ADHD diagnosis? | No form of neuroimaging can currently be used for diagnosis. |
What is the relationship between ADHD and suicide risk? | ADHD is a risk factor for suicidal ideation and behavior, especially with comorbid mood disorders. |
What is the impact of ADHD on self-esteem? | Individuals with ADHD often have lower self-esteem compared to peers. |
What is the prevalence of ADHD in adults? | Approximately 2.5%. |
What are common sleep-related issues in individuals with ADHD? | Insomnia, circadian rhythm disorders, and restless legs syndrome. |
What is the impact of ADHD on social functioning? | Markedly impairing, affecting social, familial, and occupational adjustment. |
What is a differential diagnosis for ADHD involving mood disorders? | Bipolar disorder, which involves episodic symptoms unlike the persistent symptoms of ADHD. |
What is the impact of ADHD on mortality? | Higher overall mortality rate, largely due to accidents and injuries. |