Back to FlashcardsPsychology / Biopsychology Chapter 12 The Biology of Learning and Memory Part 4
Biopsychology Chapter 12 The Biology of Learning and Memory Part 4
This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 12 of Biopsychology, focusing on the biology of learning and memory, including amnesia, synaptic changes, and the role of neurotransmitters.
A study of patients with amnesia reveals that people ____.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
A study of patients with amnesia reveals that people ____.
do not lose all aspects of memory equally
People with damage in the anterior and inferior regions of the temporal lobe suffer ____.
semantic dementia
Parts of the ____ are important for learning about rewards and punishments.
prefrontal cortex
When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients, he found that they ____.
had a dream-like experience
One line of research that initially appeared promising, but has since faded, was to study learning in decapitated ____.
cockroaches
A 'Hebbian' synapse is one in which ____.
activity of the synapse, paired with an action potential in the postsynaptic cell, strengthens that synapse
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
A study of patients with amnesia reveals that people ____. | do not lose all aspects of memory equally |
People with damage in the anterior and inferior regions of the temporal lobe suffer ____. | semantic dementia |
Parts of the ____ are important for learning about rewards and punishments. | prefrontal cortex |
When Penfield stimulated the temporal cortex of alert and awake brain surgery patients, he found that they ____. | had a dream-like experience |
One line of research that initially appeared promising, but has since faded, was to study learning in decapitated ____. | cockroaches |
A 'Hebbian' synapse is one in which ____. | activity of the synapse, paired with an action potential in the postsynaptic cell, strengthens that synapse |
It is believed that Hebbian synapses may be critical for ____. | associative learning |
What is a major advantage of Aplysia for studies on the physiology of learning? | There is great similarity of nervous system anatomy from one individual to another |
Why is the Aplysia such a popular animal for single-cell studies of learning? | Aplysia have neurons that are virtually identical from one individual to another. |
If a stimulus is presented repeatedly, followed by no other stimulus, the animal will gradually stop responding. This is known as ____. | habituation |
If you stimulate the gills of an Aplysia by squirting them with a brief jet of seawater, at first, it will ____. | withdraw its gills |
During habituation of the gill-withdrawal reflex in Aplysia, the change in the nervous system takes place at the ____. | synapse between the sensory neuron and the motor neuron |
After a series of electrical shocks, a person becomes overresponsive to lights and noises. This exemplifies ____. | sensitization |
Habituation and sensitization differ depending upon whether ____. | he response grows weaker or stronger |
Strong stimulation anywhere on the skin of an Aplysia excites axons that attach to receptors and ____. | close potassium channels in the membrane |
Following a certain kind of experience in Aplysia, a facilitating interneuron causes changes that block the potassium channels at the end of the axon of the sensory neuron, leading to ____. | sensitization |
Research on Aplysia shows us that at least one physiological basis for learning involves which of the following? | presynaptic changes |
Producing long-term potentiation of cells in the mammalian nervous system requires ____. | a burst of many stimuli within a few seconds |
A burst of intense stimulation to a dendrite by one or more axons connected to it in a rapid series can be described as the ____. | long-term potentiation of the cell's response to stimuli |
If some of the synapses onto a cell have been highly active and others have not, only the active ones become strengthened. This is known as the property of ____. | specificity |
Nearly simultaneous stimulation by two or more axons produces LTP, whereas stimulation by just one produces it weakly, if at all. This is known as the property of ____. | cooperativity |
In addition to the neurotransmitter glutamate, in order to activate the NMDA receptors, the neuron requires ____. | removal of magnesium ions from sodium and calcium channels |
The NMDA receptor responds to its transmitters when ____. | the membrane is already at least partly depolarized |
Retrograde transmitters ____. | are released by the postsynaptic cell |
Some memory-enhancing supplements appear to act in common by ____. | enhancing LTP |