Back to FlashcardsPsychology / Cognitive Psychology Chapter X: Language in Context I
Cognitive Psychology Chapter X: Language in Context I
This deck covers key concepts from cognitive psychology related to language, including linguistic relativity, bilingualism, pidgins and creoles, metaphors, and pragmatics.
Linguistic relativity refers to the assertion that …
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Linguistic relativity refers to the assertion that …
… speakers of different languages have different cognitive systems and think differently about the world.
The linguistic relativity theory is aka.:
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
Whorf said:
“We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native language.”
A milder form of linguistic relativism would be to assume that …
… language doesn’t determine our thinking but influences it.
What are linguistic universals?
Characteristic patterns across all languages
Across languages there are differences in:
• color terms • language acquisition • use ratio of nouns/verbs
Related Flashcard Decks
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Linguistic relativity refers to the assertion that … | … speakers of different languages have different cognitive systems and think differently about the world. |
The linguistic relativity theory is aka.: | Sapir-Whorf hypothesis |
Whorf said: | “We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native language.” |
A milder form of linguistic relativism would be to assume that … | … language doesn’t determine our thinking but influences it. |
What are linguistic universals? | Characteristic patterns across all languages |
Across languages there are differences in: | • color terms • language acquisition • use ratio of nouns/verbs |
Concepts in different languages - an example: | The Chinese concept of a specific typ of person. Bilinguists read a description in Chinese and in English. |
What about bilinguism? | • Good if fluent in both. • Bad if not fluent in either. |
Two theories connected to bilingualism: | • single-system hypothesis • dual-system hypothesis |
What might be wrong about the division between single- and dual-system hypotheses? | They might ask the wrong questions, as some aspects of the languages might be represented in a single system, but others separately. |
What’s a pidgin? | A mixture of two different languages. it is a language without native speakers. |
Over time a pidgin can develop into a … | … creole. |
Modern creoles may resemble an evolutionarily early form of language, called … | … protolanguage. |
A dialect is a … | … regional variation of a language. |
7 kinds of slips that can happen during conversation: | • anticipation (using an element to early) • perservation (keep using an element that was correct earlier) • substitution • reversal (switching position of two elements) • spoonerisms (initial sounds of two words are exchanged) • malapropism (saying something similar in sound, but different in meaning) • insertion of sounds (including additional sounds) |
Metaphors use … | … similarities of two nouns and combine them despite their differences. (The house was a pigsty) |
Similes are … | … comparisons. |
Metaphors have 4 key elements: | • tenor (topic, e.g. house) • vehicle (word used to describe topic, e.g. pigsty) • ground (set of similarities) • tension (set of dissimilarities) |
Theories about how metaphores work: | • comparison view (importance of comparison) • anomaly view (importance of dissimilarities) • domain-interaction view (interaction of some kind btw. tenor and vehicle) |
In additive bilingualism … | … a second language is learned in addition to the first. |
In substractive bilingualism … | … elements of a second language replace elements of the first. |
Another time-related distinction of bilingualism: | • simultaneous bilingualism • sequential bilingualism |
Pragmatics is … | … the study of how people use language. |
Name an instance of non-verbal communication: | personal space |
Study related to personal space: | proxemics |