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Psychology /Key Concepts in Learning and Memory

Key Concepts in Learning and Memory

Psychology10 CardsCreated about 7 hours ago

This deck covers fundamental concepts in learning and memory, including classical and operant conditioning, memory types, and developmental theories.

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What is classical conditioning?

A learning process where a neutral stimulus starts triggering a natural response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

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Key Terms

Term

Definition

What is classical conditioning?

A learning process where a neutral stimulus starts triggering a natural response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.

Define unconditioned stimulus (UCS).

A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.

What is a conditioned response (CR)?

A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become conditioned.

Explain stimulus generalization.

The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.

What does extinction refer to in classical conditioning?

The process where the conditioned response fades when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.

Describe positive reinforcement.

Adding a rewarding stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

What is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers?

Primary reinforcers are naturally satisfying, like food, while secondary reinforcers are learned, like money.

Define observational learning.

Learning by watching and imitating the behaviors of others.

What is the serial position effect?

The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.

Explain the concept of schemas.

Mental frameworks that help organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge and experience.

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Key Concepts in Learning and Memory

Term	Definition
What is classical conditioning?	A learning process where a neutral stimulus starts triggering a natural response after being paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Define unconditioned stimulus (UCS).	A stimulus that naturally and automatically triggers a response without prior learning.
What is a conditioned response (CR)?	A learned response to a previously neutral stimulus that has become conditioned.
Explain stimulus generalization.	The tendency to respond to stimuli that are similar to the conditioned stimulus.
What does extinction refer to in classical conditioning?	The process where the conditioned response fades when the conditioned stimulus is no longer paired with the unconditioned stimulus.
Describe positive reinforcement.	Adding a rewarding stimulus to increase the likelihood of a behavior.
What is the difference between primary and secondary reinforcers?	Primary reinforcers are naturally satisfying, like food, while secondary reinforcers are learned, like money.
Define observational learning.	Learning by watching and imitating the behaviors of others.
What is the serial position effect?	The tendency to recall the first and last items in a list better than the middle items.
Explain the concept of schemas.	Mental frameworks that help organize and interpret information based on prior knowledge and experience.